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"Tulisan ini membahas pengaruh subsidi terhadap konsumsi beras, Dengan menggunakan model keseimbangan umum, rumah tangga dibagi ke dalam 10 kelompok menurut dampak kebijakan distribusi yang dilakukukan. Dalam analisa ditunjukkan bahwa model keseimbangan umum dengan nama WAYANG ini, dapat diketahui pengaruh kebijaksanaan yang ditempuh terhadap drstribusi (pemerataan) maitpun terhadap perekonomian secara keseluruhan. Di samping itu ditujukan pula pengaruh hubungan antara tingkat intervensi kebijaksanaan terhadap kesejahtraan."

"Industri nasional mengalami perlambatan pertumbuhan dan rendahnya daya saing yang diduga disebabkan oleh harga gas bumi yang tinggi. Pemerintah melakukan intervensi pada harga gas bumi melalui Kebijakan Harga Gas Bumi Tertentu (HGBT) sebagaimana diatur pada Perpres No. 121 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Harga Gas Bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari Kebijakan HGBT pada perekonomian nasional dengan mempertimbangkan penurunan penerimaan negara sebagai kompensasi atas turunnya harga gas bumi pada industri. Dengan menggunakan model CGE, analisis dilakukan pada berbagai indikator perekonomian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan GDP dalam jangka pendek sebesar 0,076% dan kenaikan GDP dalam jangka panjang sebesar 0,004%.

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National industry is facing slowing growth and low competitiveness, which is thought to be caused by high natural gas prices. Government intervenes in natural gas prices through the Certain Natural Gas Price Policy or “Kebijakan HGBT” as regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 121 of 2020 concerning Natural Gas Price Determination. This study aims to analyze the impact of HGBT Policy on the national economy by considering the decline in state revenues as compensation for the decline in natural gas prices in the industry. Using CGE model, analysis is carried out on various economic indicators. The results of the analysis show that there is a decrease in GDP in the short term by 0.076% and an increase in GDP in the long term by 0.004%."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan dokumentasi transfer pricing berdasarkan ketentuan terbaru di Indonesia sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 213/PMK.03/2016 dan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi pihak Wajib Pajak dan pihak pemerintah dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan ini ditentukan oleh dua hal yaitu isi kebijakan dan lingkungan implementasi yang jika dilihat dari keduanya belum secara keseluruhan terpenuhi sehingga terdapat masalah-masalah yang timbul dalam pengimplementasiannya. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Wajib Pajak dan pemerintah antara lain adalah keterbatasan sumber daya, kurangnya kepastian hukum hingga tingginya biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan.

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This thesis aims to analyze the implementation of the latest transfer pricing documentation policy in Indonesia as stipulated in Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 213/PMK.03/2016 and the problems faced by the Taxpayer and the government in implementing the policy. The research method used in this study is qualitative method with data collection technique through literature study and field study. This research indicates that the implementation of this policy is determined by two things which are content of the policy and context of implementation which if seen from both has not been fully fulfilled, resulting problems arise in the implementation. The problems faced by both Taxpayer and government includes limited human resources, the lack of legal certainty also the high cost incurred"

"The excessive use of pesticides in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s caused serious environmental problems such as acute and chronic human pesticide poisoning, animal poisoning and contaminated agricultural products, destruction of both beneficial natural parasites and pest predators, and pesticide resistance in pests. To overcome these environmental problems, since 1989 the Indonesian government has actively adopted a strategy of integrated pest management (IPM). During the first few years of the 1PM program's implementation, the program has been able to help farmers reduce the use of pesticides by approximately 56 percent, and increase yields by approximately 10 percent. However, economic literature that analyzes the impact of the IPM program on household incomes and national economic performance is very limited. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the IPM program on Indonesian economic growth and household incomes for different socioeconomic groups.Introduction The chronic food shortage during the first two decades of Indonesian independence (1945-1965) stimulated the Indonesian government to establish a comprehensive food intensification program as a national priority. Achieving and maintaining self-sufficiency in food, increasing farmers' income, and providing strong support for the rapidly expanding industrial and service sectors were the main goals of this food intensification program (Oka, 1995). The food intensification program included large-scale adoption of high-yielding modern seed varieties, development of irrigation systems, expansion of food crop producing areas, increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, expansion of agricultural extension services, establishment of farmer cooperatives and input subsidies, and stabilization of national food crop prices (Oka, 1991).During the 1970s and 1980s, this food intensification program caused food crap production to grow at an annual rate of approximately 3.74 percent (CBS, 1973-1991). A major miracle occurred in rice production. Pushing the average annual growth rate of rice production to approximately 4.67 percent, the rice intensification program transformed Indonesia from the world's largest importer of rice, importing approximately two million tons per year by the end of the 1970s, to self-sufficiency in 1983 (Oka, 1991 and 1995)."

"Kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya asuransi umum semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pada asuransi umum, nasabah membayarkan premi kepada perusahaan asuransi umum dengan imbalan berupa manfaat atau pertanggungan apabila terjadi kehilangan, kerusakan, kehilangan keuntungan, dan lain-lain atas barang atau aset yang diasuransikan. Akibat semakin ketatnya persaingan diantara perusahaan asuransi umum, perusahaan harus bisa menenentukan besaran premi yang tepat. Perlu adanya metode perhitungan premi optimal yang dapat memberikan keuntungan maksimum bagi perusahaan. Salah satu cara untuk menentukan premi yang sesuai adalah dengan menggunakan teori permainan. Teori permainan adalah strategi untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu yang melibatkan lebih dari satu pembuat keputusan (pemain). Dalam hal penentuan premi pada asuransi umum, teori permainan merupakan strategi dalam menentukan premi dalam pasar asuransi dengan lebih dari satu perusahaan. Premi pada skripsi ini akan dicari dengan menggunakan Stackelberg equilibrium, dimana terdapat satu perusahaan yang disebut sebagai pemimpin, bertugas untuk menentukan nilai premi terlebih dahulu untuk produk yang mereka jual, lalu perusahaan lain akan menentukan harga premi setelah mengetahui harga yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan pemimpin. Pada skripsi ini akan dibahas mengenai konstruksi premi Stackelberg Equilibrium pada dua perusahaan asuransi umum dengan mempertimbangkan adanya diferensiasi produk berupa deductible. Pada Stackelberg equilibrium, dapat ditunjukkan pula bahwa kedua perusahaan akan memiliki jumlah nasabah yang sama. Selain itu, premi Stackelberg equilibrium memiliki hubungan yang searah dengan severitas klaim dan frekuensi klaim.

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Public awareness of the importance of general insurance is increasing every year. In general insurance, customers pay premiums to general insurance companies in exchange for benefits or coverage in the event of loss, damage, loss of profits, etc. for the insured goods or assets. Due to the tougher competition among general insurance companies, companies must be able to determine the right amount of premiums. It is necessary to have an optimal premium calculation method that can provide maximum profit for the company. One way to determine the appropriate premium is to use game theory. Game theory is a strategy to achieve a specific goal that involves more than one decision maker (player). In terms of determining premiums in general insurance, game theory is a strategy in determining premiums in the insurance market with more than one company. The premium on this thesis will be found using Stackelberg equilibrium, where there is one company called the leader, tasked with determining the premium value first for the products they sell, then other companies will determine the premium price after knowing the price set by the leader company. In this thesis, we will discuss the construction of Stackelberg Equilibrium premiums in two general insurance companies by considering the differentiation of products in the form of deductibles. The expected result is that both companies can find a Stackelberg Equilibrium premium that can maximize profits. In Stackelberg equilibrium, it can also be shown that both companies will have the same number of customers. In addition, the Stackelberg equilibrium premium has a unidirectional relationship with the severity of claims and the frequency of claims."

"Dalam rangka menurunkan impor yang mengakibatkan tingginya alokasi anggaran subsidi LPG, pemerintah mengembangkan produksi DME sebagai substitusi LPG untuk bahan bakar memasak rumah tangga dan industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dampak penggunaan DME terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, dengan menggunakan metode CGE dan data SAM 2019. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi berupa shock: (i) Penurunan impor LPG dan (ii) Realokasi anggaran penghematan subsidi, kebijakan penggunaan DME akan berdampak positif pada perekonomian, memicu pertumbuhan produktivitas berbagai sektor serta mendorong penyerapan tenaga kerja namun hanya di jangka pendek. Hasil kajian di jangka panjang menunjukkan implikasi yang negatif meskipun secara persentase sangat rendah dan tidak signifikan.

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In order to reduce imports and high budget allocation for LPG subsidies, government developed DME production as a substitute for LPG. This study aims to examine the impact of DME using on Indonesian economy, using CGE method and 2019 SAM data. Based on 2 shocks simulation: (i) Decrease in LPG imports and (ii) Reallocation of subsidy savings budget, using DME policy will have positives impact on the economy, trigger productivity growth in various sectors and encourage employment, but only in the short term. Results in the long term show negative implications, which the percentage is very low and not significant."

"The economic theory of general equilibrium underpins the most important models used in economic theory in general and in its more specialized areas such as macroeconomics, international trade, environmental economics, growth theory, and developmental economics. In Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium, leading academic scholar, Yves Balasko offers a good introduction to the economic theory of general equilibrium and makes use of various mathematical tools as intuitive and easy as possible. The second half of the book addresses properties of the general equilibrium model that are still at the frontier of current research. These properties deal with the characterization of economies with a unique equilibrium and, more generally, with the relationships between the number of equilibria and the fundamentals of an econom"