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"Corporate Social Responsibility as a concept can be traced back as early as 19th century in Holland and early 20th century in United States. Since then the concept has been adopted with various responses around the world. Despite some ambiguities and differences that might prevail across nations, CSR gradually becomes a global concept, initiated with some MNCs which pay attention to their reputation. The experience in Dutch showed that although CSR was initiated by quite a few companies, the government has paid its attention to develop this concept in anticipating with the world development."

"India's increasing population has attracted a host of multinational corporations (MNCs) to enter the country to tap its market. Because of their enthusiasm and the favorable market conditions, these MNCs get carried away and sometimes regulations are flouted. The absence of clear regulations leads to problems when government agencies find fault with MNCs products."

"Originally, the concept of CSR was come from business ethic values that impose corporation's ethical responsibility to their social dan natural environment. That development of ethical business was part of social consciousness on the degradation of environment as impact of corporation activities. This reality also raised the deep environmental ethic or deep ecology which challenge anthropocentrism economical development and urged ecocentrism development. In Indonesia, this phenomenon was marked by the enactment of Act 4/1982 on environmental management. The constitutional debate on CSR just began when the Indonesian Constitutional court heard and decided the judicial review case of Act 40/2007 on limited liability company which stipulate CSR mandatory law for corporation that have activity in natural resources areas. In its decision, Constitutional Court refused the petition. This means that court affirmed that CSR mandatory law is not contrary to the constitution. However, the legal argumentation of the court was not shifted from economical and environmental perspectives. The constitutional basic of the decision is article 33 (4) concerning national economic principles and article 33 (3) concerning state power on land, water, and natural resources. The constitutional court did not use the human rights concept as the source of CSR mandatory law. "

"There are increasingly interest from many corporation, especially among those having business in relation with natural resources world wide, towards Corporate responsibility (CR) or Corporate social responsibility (CSR). Occasionally, CSR would only be viewed as a mere philanthropic and image building activities. Yet CSR activities should actually be fully integrated with the company's strategy to acquire competitive edge to be the basis for business development and efficiency. In a comprehensive CSR, the company is involving alt levels of the company and its stakeholders in a continuous and step-by step process. To increase support on CSR, it is very important that the government, chamber of commerce, the business sector, the accountants, and other stakeholders work together to create a favorable climate, policies and incentives to the business sectors to implement CSR in their operation."

"Definisi CSR sejatinya telah diuraikan semenjak tahun 1950-an. Semanjak itu definisi CSR berkembang luas di kalangan bisnis. Namun demikian katan$an akademisi dan pendidikan memandans perlu untuk metakukan kajian ilmiah terhadap CSR karena terlihat bahwa CSR sefaagar suatu konsep berkembang luas yang berdampak pada kepentingan stakeholder perusahaan, dalam hal ini masyarakat umum,"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai praktik pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) serta menguji secara empiris pengaruh dari struktur kepemilikan saham terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda terhadap 128 perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pengungkapan CSR masih sangat rendah dengan jumlah persentase tingkat pengungkapan kurang dari 70%. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa kepemilikan saham oleh keluarga, institusi, dan publik berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh lemahnya kontrol dari para pemegang saham terhadap perusahaan terkait dengan isu sosial dan lingkungan, sehingga tingkat pengungkapan CSR pada perusahaan menjadi rendah. Kepemilikan saham oleh investor asing tidak terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh tujuan dari investor asing yang bersifat jangka pendek, sehingga lebih terkonsentrasi pada profit perusahaan.

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The objective of this study is to determine the implementation of corporate social responsibilty disclosure and to determine the effect of ownership structure on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure. The hypothesis testing is done using multiple linear regression of the 128 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. This study find that the level of CSR disclosure is still weak, with level of percentage disclosure below 70%. This study also finds that family ownership, institution ownership, and public ownership have negative significant effect on CSR disclosure. It can be caused by the lack of control from the shareholders on the social and environment issues, so that the level of CSR disclosures is weak. Foreign ownership is not has significant effect on CSR disclosure. It can be casued by the goals of foreign investor only for short-term investment, so the focus of company is profit."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility (CSR) terhadap biaya utang yang diukur melalui yield spread. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan publik di Indonesia yang menerbitkan obligasi dalam rentang tahun 2011-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan CSR berpengaruh negatif terhadap yield spread sebagai proksi biaya utang. Hal ini disebabkan karena informasi mengenai aktivitas CSR dapat mengurangi adanya informasi asimetri, terutama bagi investor publik. Pengungkapan CSR memungkinkan investor untuk dapat menilai perusahaan dengan lebih baik sehingga imbal hasil yang diminta oleh investor dapat menjadi semakin rendah.

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The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on cost of debt as measured by bond yield spread. Sample of this research are firms that issued bonds during the year of 2011-2015. The result of this study indicates that CSR disclosure has negative impact on yield spread. Informations regarding the firms’ CSR activities are believed to reduce asymmetric information, mainly for public investors. Such CSR disclosure could enhance investors’ assessment of the firms and therefore they may require lower yield."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini mengargumentasikan mengenai konsep mana dibalik praktik pemberian dari CSR perusahaan tambang. Selama ini gagasan The Gift selalu digiring pada perdebatan resiprositas atas sebuah pemberian. Saya melihat konsep lain yang tertinggal dari wacana ini di era ekonomi modern, yaitu mengenai konsep mana. Konsep mana sebagai hal yang bersifat non-material dibalik pemberian suatu materi dari satu pihak ke pihak lain. Data tulisan hasil riset ini dikumpulkan melalui studi kasus pada salah satu perusahaan tambang yang mempraktikan konsep CSR pada suatu komunitas masyarakat di salah satu wilayah operasi tambang emas yang terletak di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat, Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data melaui wawancara dan pengamatan lapangan terhadap pihak-pihak terkait program CSR perusahaan tambang. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa konsep mana dari pertukaran masyarakat kuno dapat diangkat pada praktik pemberian hadiah di era ekonomi modern dengan menegahi secara diplomatis mengenai perdebatan dalam memaknai mana dari gagasan besar The Gift. Tanpa menampik keberadaan dari resiprositas atas praktik pemberian hadiah perusahaan tambang, gagasan ini tetap dilandasi oleh hubungan simetris antara individu maupun kelompok dalam konteks sosio-kultural. Temuan atas konsep mana ini memberikan pemahaman baru untuk melihat praktik pertukaran dari CSR perusahaan.

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ABSTRACTThis paper argues for the existence of the "mana" concept behind The Gift of mining corporate CSR practices. During this age the idea of The Gift is always herded in a reciprocity debate over a gift. I see the archaic concept that remains from this discourse in the modern economic era, which is the concept of "mana". The concept of "mana" as a non-material thing is behind giving a material from one party to another party. The research data was collected through a case study on a mining company that practices the concept of CSR in a community in one of the gold mining operation areas located in West Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia. Data collection techniques through interviews and field observations of parties related to the CSR program of the mining company. The results of this study state the "mana" concept of the ancient societies exchange can be elevated to the practice of The Gift in the modern economic era by diplomatically fix the debates in interpreting of "mana" from the classic ideas of The Gift. Without dismissing the existence of reciprocity over the practice of The Gift corporate CSR, this idea is still based on a symmetrical relationship between individuals and groups in a socio-cultural context. The findings of this concept provide a new understanding to see the exchange practices of corporate CSR."

"Good Corporate Governance (GCG) mendapatkan perhatian luas setetah terjadinya berbagai /crisis seperti Krisis Moneter di Indonesia ataupun skandal Enron di Amerika Serikat. Lima eiemen GCG, yaitu Transparansi, Akuntabilitas, Pertonggungjawafaan, Kemandirian dan Kewajaran baik dalam arti sempit dan tuas. Dalam arti tuas GCG berkaitan dengan para stakeholders perusahaan. Di sisi lain Corporate Social Responsibility merupakan komitmen bisnis untuk memberikan kontribusi kepada masyarakat. Dengan kata lain, GCG dan CSR merupakan wujud nyata hubungan perusahaan dan masyarakat setaku stakeholders"