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"In the last five years ,the relationship between Indonesia and the European Union (EU) has shifted to a better shape .This article tries to explain how important Indonesia is to EU,and vice versa. It also wants to describe the efforts from both sides in strengthening their bilateral relationship."

"[Hubungan antara Indonesia dan Iran telah terjadi berabad-abad lamanya. Namun, hubungan tersebut masih dalam aspek terbatas karena beberapa kendala. Orientasi agama yang berbeda antara Indonesia dan Iran merupakan salah satu kendala yang telah memberikan andil dalam mempengaruhi kualitas kerjasama. Selain itu, kurangnya informasi tentang kedua negara juga memperlebar kesenjangan pemahaman antara kedua negara. Tantangan ini kebanyakan tentang persepsi yang ada di kedua negara besar itu. Oleh karena itu, kerja sama antara Indonesia dan Iran dapat diperkuat dengan melakukan terobosan-terobosan dengan fokus pada mencari kesamaan budaya bukan pada perbedaan yang kontras dari dua orientasi agama yang berbeda itu (Sunni Dan Syiah). Dalam tahap ini, diplomasi kebudayaan dan kerjasama menjadi pilihan yang lebih menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan. Melalui kerjasama budaya kedua negara dapat meningkatkan pemahaman antara mereka dan mempromosikan sikap saling menghormati. Beberapa aspek kerjasama budaya yang dapat dikembangkan antara lain dialog peradaban, pertukaran pelajar dan program dosen serta pembambangunan pusat-pusat kebudayaan. Sebenarnya, peluang untuk mengembangkan kerjasama yang kuat antara kedua negara ini jauh lebih besar daripada tantangan dan hambatan itu sendiri., The relationship between Indonesia and Iran has been established for many centuries. However, the relationship is still in limited aspects because of some obstacles. The different religious orietatation between Indonesia and Iran is one of obstacles that has contributed to influence the quality of cooperation. In addition, the lack of information about the two country also has widened the gap between two countries. This challege is mostly about the perception that exist in both great nations. Therefore, cooperation between Indonesia and Iran has to provide a breakthrough by focussing on cultural similarities rather than contrasting two different religious orientations (Sunni dan Shiite). In this stage, cultural diplomacy and cooperation become more promising options to be developed. Through cultural cooperation both country can improve the understanding between them and promote mutual respect. Some aspects of cultural cooperations that can be developed such as promoting a dialog of civilization, exchange student and lecturer programs and establishing cultural centers. In fact, the opportunities to develop a strong cooperation between the two countries are much more available rather than the challenges and obstacles.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas prospek realisasi kerjasama penerbangan dalam ASEAN-European Union Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement (ASEAN-EU CATA), serta melihat implikasinya pada kerjasama bilateral maskapai penerbangan Indonesia dan Belanda. Teori scenario building menganalisa serangkaian kondisi di masa depan dari perjanjian multilateral ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma structure-conduct-performance dalam menganalisa industri transportasi udara di Uni Eropa dan ASEAN kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif. Penelitian ini juga melihat manfaat dari perjanjian tersebut terhadap kerjasama penerbangan bilateral Belanda dengan Indonesia dalam hal ini dilihat dari maskapai penerbangan kedua negara dan dianalisis menggunakan keunggulan kompetitif.

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This study critically discusses the prospect of realizing aviation sector cooperation in the ASEAN-European Union Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement (ASEAN-EU CATA) multilateral agreement, as well as looking at the implications of bilateral cooperation between Indonesian and Dutch airlines. Scenario building theory analyzes a series of conditions in the future of this multilateral agreement. This study uses the structure-conduct-performance paradigm in analyzing the air transportation industry in the European Union and ASEAN and then analyzed using the theory of comparative and competitive advantage. This study looks at the benefits of the agreement on bilateral aviation cooperation between the Netherlands and Indonesia, in this case seen from the airlines of the two countries and analyzed using competitive advantage."

"Forum IADSD dan 2+2 Dialogue merupakan forum dialog yang ditujukan bagi pembahasan isu pertahanan, keamanan, serta politik luar negeri secara umum. Meskipun isu pembahasan dalam IADSD dan 2+2 Dialogue bersifat umum, namun dikarenakan isu keamanan maritim menjadi salah satu isu penting bagi Indonesia maupun Australia, maka forum tersebut tidak dapat mengesampingkan pembahasan isu keamanan maritim. Penelitian ini menganalisis kerangka kerja, tingkat kesepakatan dan implementasi kerjasama di bidang keamanan maritim melalui forum IADSD serta 2+2 Dialogue, dan kontribusinya terhadap ketahanan nasional. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan bersumber pada data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan data sekunder. Informan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 (enam) orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terkait konsep diplomasi pertahanan, forum IADSD dan 2+2 Dialogue hanya mampu membentuk kerangka kerja pembangunan kepercayaan serta pencegahan konflik. Sedangkan dalam hal resolusi konflik, kedua forum tersebut belum dapat membentuk kerangka kerja yang mampu memberikan resolusi terhadap konflik bilateral. Di bidang keamanan maritim, forum IADSD merupakan forum yang efektif untuk membentuk kerjasama keamanan maritim bagi kedua negara karena forum IADSD memiliki kewenangan membentuk kerjasama spesifik, seperti patroli terkoordinasi, latihan bersama, pertukaran informasi, serta pendidikan dan pelatihan. Sedangkan forum 2+2 Dialogue kurang efektif untuk membentuk kerjasama keamanan maritim karena hasil dari forum tersebut hanya berupa komitmen politik, bukan membentuk kerjasama keamanan maritim spesifik di tingkat teknis. Seluruh kesepakatan dan komitmen politik di bidang keamanan maritim pada forum IADSD serta 2+2 Dialogue menunjukan diterapkannya diplomasi maritim kooperatif, sehingga hal tersebut memberikan kontribusi positif bagi ketahanan nasional, yaitu terkait pembangunan kepercayaan, pembangunan kapasitas, peningkatan peran dan citra positif negara di tingkat internasional, serta sebagai sarana untuk mendeteksi perubahan lingkungan strategis.

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IADSD and 2+2 Dialogue are forums for dialogue that aimed at addressing general issues of defence, security, and foreign policy. Although the issues of discussion in IADSD and 2+2 Dialogue are in general basis, but because the issue of maritime security become an important issue for both Indonesia and Australia, the forums cannot overrule the discussion of maritime security issue. This research analyzes framework, level of agreement and the implementation of cooperation in the field of maritime security through IADSD as well as 2+2 Dialogue and its contribution to national resilience. This research using qualitative methods, that refers to primary data which is obtained through interviews and secondary data. Informants in this research consist of 6 peoples. The result show that related to the concept of defence diplomacy, IADSD and 2+2 Dialogue can only capable forming a framework of confidence building and conflict prevention. While in terms of conflict resolution, both forums has not been able to establish a framework that is able to provide a resolution to the bilateral conflict. In the field of maritime security, IADSD is an effective forum to establish maritime security cooperation for both countries, because IADSD forum has authority to establish specific cooperation, such as coordinated patrol, joint exercises, exchange of information, and also education and training. While the 2+2 dialogue is less effective to establish a maritime security cooperation, because the result of the forum is only form political commitment, not forming specific maritime security cooperation at the technical level. All of the result and political commitment in the field of maritime security in IADSD and 2+2 Dialogue, shows the implementation of cooperative maritime diplomacy, so it will provide positive contribution to national resilience that related to confidence building, capacity building, improving the role and positive image of the country at the international level, as well as a means to detecting strategic environment changes."

"Berakhirnya kerjasama Indonesia dan Australia dalam Regional Cooperation Agreement (RCA) yang telah dibangun sejak tahun 2000 memunculkan permasalahan baru bagi kelompok Pengungsi dan Pencari Suaka yang berada di Indonesia. Kajian ini menganalisa latar belakang serta dinamika berakhirnya perjanjian bilateral penanganan pegungsi dan pencari suaka di Indonesia. Dengan mengadopsi teori neo-classical realism sebagai kerangka analisis terhadap variabel data dalam penelitian ini, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi berakhirnya kerjasama Regional Cooperation Agreement (RCA) dilatar belakangi oleh terbitnya Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 125 tahun 2016 disajikan sebagai faktor sistemik yang memunculkan reaksi penilaian domestik Australia sebagai intervening variables yang mencakup persepsi pemimpin, budaya strategis, hubungan negara masyarakat, dan struktur negara dan politik domestik.

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The end of the cooperation between Indonesia and Australia in the Regional Cooperation Agreement (RCA), which has been built since 2000, has created new problems for groups of refugees and asylum seekers who have been displaced in Indonesia. This study analyzes the background and dynamics of the termination of the bilateral agreement on handling refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia. By adopting the theory of neoclassical realism as a framework for analyzing the data variables in this study, the factors that influenced the termination of the Regional Cooperation Agreement (RCA) were motivated by the isuued of Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia No. 125 of 2016 as systemic factor which triggered Australia domestic assesment presented as an intervening variable which includes the perception of leaders, cultural strategies, public relations, and the structure of the state and domestic politics."

"Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) merupakan salah satu bentuk perjanjian internasional dibidang ekonomi yang mana didalamnya memuat pengaturan penanaman modal (investment chapter) yang digunakan oleh berbagai negara di dunia dalam mengatur penanaman modal asing, termasuk Indonesia. Adapun masalah yang akan dibahas antara lain bagaimana pengaturan penanaman modal dalam investment chapter CEPA Indonesia-Australia dan CEPA Indonesia-EU dengan menggunakan FTA EU-Singapura dan Model BIT India sebagai pembanding, dan kemudian berdasarkan perbandingan tersebut manakah pengaturan yang sebaiknya dimuat dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut digunakan pendekatan komparatif dan konseptual. Pendekatan komparatif digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaturan penanaman modal yang ada dalam investment chapter CEPA Indonesia-Australia, FTA EU-Singapura, dan Model BIT India untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai pengaturan yang sebaiknya diatur dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU. Pendekatan konseptual digunakan untuk melihat substantial obligations yang terdapat dalam perjanjian investasi internasional tersebut sebagai faktor pembanding yang meliputi standard of treatment (yang terdiri dari national treatment, most favoured nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, serta full protection and security, performance requirements, expropriation, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dari masing-masing perjanjian investasi internasional yang ada, dan berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan yang ada Model BIT India merupakan perjanjian yang paling ideal untuk diadopsi Indonesia dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU.

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Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) is a form of international agreement in the field of economics which contained investment chapter used by various countries in the world in regulating foreign investment, including Indonesia. The problems that will be discussed within this paper include how foreign investments are regulated in the investment chapter on CEPA Indonesia-Australia and the CEPA Indonesia-EU using the FTA EU-Singapore and Model BIT India as a comparison, and then based on these comparisons which provision should be included in the CEPA Indonesian-EU. To answer this problem, a comparative and conceptual approach is used. A comparative approach is used to see how the investment provision exist in the investment chapter of the CEPA Indonesia-Australia, the EU-Singapore FTA, and the Indian BIT Model to provide an overview of the provisions that should be regulated in the Indonesia-EU CEPA. The conceptual approach is used to view the substantial obligations contained in the international investment agreement as a comparison factor in which includes the standard of treatment (which consists of national treatment, most favorite nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, and full protection and security), performance requirements, expropriation, and dispute resolution. The conclusion of the research conducted is that there are similarities and differences from each of the existing international investment agreements, and based on the similarities and differences that exist, the Model BIT India is the most ideal agreement to be adopted by Indonesia in the CEPA Indonesia-EU."

"Hubungan perdagangan pertanian antara Iran dan Indonesia telah mengalami perkembangan dan tantangan yang signifikan selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam bab ini adalah mengapa Iran tidak meningkatkan perdagangan pertaniannya dengan Indonesia? Tesis ini menerapkan teori James K. Sebenius tentang "Negosiasi Tingkat Dua, Pihak Lain Menghadapi Tantangan 'Di Balik Meja'". Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa sanksi internasional dan perubahan kebijakan dalam negeri telah berdampak besar pada volume perdagangan, dengan fluktuasi yang nyata terlihat selama peristiwa politik utama seperti sanksi perbankan tahun 2012 dan kesepakatan JCPOA tahun 2015. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada tantangan ini, penggunaan produk pertanian strategis Iran, seperti saffron, telah menciptakan peluang perdagangan yang unik. Lebih jauh, keterlibatan organisasi internasional dan perjanjian ekonomi telah membatasi dan memfasilitasi hubungan perdagangan, yang menggarisbawahi interaksi yang kompleks antara faktor global dan lokal. Tesis ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pemahaman yang mendalam tentang pengaruh internasional dan domestik terhadap perdagangan bilateral, yang memberikan wawasan bagi para pembuat kebijakan dan pemangku kepentingan di kedua negara.

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The agricultural trade relationship between Iran and Indonesia has experienced significant developments and challenges over the past decades. The research question of this chapter is why didn’t Iran increase their agricultural trade with Indonesia? This thesis applied theory of James K. Sebenius theory of "Level Two Negotiations, the Other Side Meet Its 'Behind-the- Table' Challenges”. The result of study reveals that international sanctions and domestic policy changes have substantially impacted trade volumes, with notable fluctuations observed during key political events such as the 2012 banking sanctions and the 2015 JCPOA deal. The analysis indicates that despite these challenges, Iran's strategic use of agricultural products, like saffron, has created unique trade opportunities. Furthermore, the involvement of international organizations and economic agreements has both constrained and facilitated trade relations, underscoring the complex interplay between global and local factors. This thesis underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of international and domestic influences on bilateral trade, providing insights for policymakers and stakeholders in both nations."

"Nowadays Sulu Sea is becoming the core of geopolitics issues between Indonesia, Malaisya and the Philippines. The three countries are looking at Sulu Sea as the strategic environment which has the substance of their national security interest, but the maritime security condition at Sulu Sea has no longer stable after the existence of Abu Sayyaf Group.In this thesis will explain about the agreement of maritime security cooperation which is called as the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement in preserving Indonesia, Malaisya and the Philippines national security interests at Sulu Sea. The agreement has been initiated by the minister of foreign affairs of those three countries in order to their common concern about the threat that has been conducted by the Abu Sayyaf Group.Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philipinnes as the three countries who agreed in the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement at Sulu Sea recognize the threat in the maritime areas is maritime piracy such as ship hijacking and kidnapping for ransom that could threatened their national security interest as well as their sovereignty at sea. Therefore in order to overcome the maritime piracy at Sulu Sea, the three countries implement the initiatives that have been agreed."

"This article is about the activity of risk assessment in developing KFX/IFX Fighters through joint development cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea for Engineering and Manufacturing Development Phase (EMDP). The Risks in EMDP found by using the Life Cycle of Weapon System. Risk assessment aims to identify, analyze and assess the level of risk as a calculation so that the program will always be on the track and and the default of the project will be avoided. Moreover, this is the first experience for Indonesia to make fighters. Besides that, KFX/IFX fighters is one of our national program which aims to built the independence of defense industry and to open the road map in mastering on making fighter for PT.Dirgantara Indonesia (PT.DI)."