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"Masalah pertanahan merupakan masalah yang kompleks. Salah satu sumber masalahnya adalah adanya ketidakpastian hukum yang mengatur pertanahan. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan tidak tercapainya maksud Pasal 33 UUD 1945 yang menghendaki penguasaan negara atas tanah dikuasai oleh negara bagi sebesar besar kemakmuran rakyat. Menganalisis permasalahan tersebut tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan pluralisme hukum sebagai pisau analisis yaitu antara hukum negara dan folk law dengan mengambil contoh masalah pertanahan di Papua khusunya di Kabupaten Mimika Papua. Ternyata permasalahan tanah di Indonesia tidak lepas dari ragamnya hukum yang berlaku, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan menambah rumitnya penyelesaian masalah tanah di Indonesia."

"Selama ini tanah masih dilihat sebagai obyek bukan sebagai subyek. Sehingga sulit untuk menjadikan tanah sebagai upaya mewujudkan kemakmuran rakyat. Padahal Founding Fathers Republik Indonesia telah meletakkan dasar dasar pengelolaan pertanahan melalui UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok Pokok Agraria sebagai jawaban atas amanat UUD 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3), yang berbunyi Bumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar besar kemakmuran rakyat. Oleh karena itu agar tanah dapat dikelola untuk sebesar besarnya kemakmuran rakyat, maka Reforma Agraria yang dilakukan secara komprehensif dan fundamental harussegera dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah."

"For Muslims, the Holy Quran and the hadith constitute the primary sources of knowledge. And for some Muslim countries like Indonesia, there is the third most acclaimed sorce called the fiqh ( the writings of the 'ulama)...."

"The Timor Leste has been an independent state and is separated from Indonesia after referendum. It does not mean that people of the new state do not have relation with Indonesia such as trade, social and cultural relations, especially people staying in border areas. Beside nostalgia in the past to make both sides always do interactions in many things, trade contact conducted by the communities of the two regions due to the differences in potential resources and manufacture production. With these differences, transnational trading-which is the focus of this study-is something unavoidable both legal and illegal. The transnational trading appears if spesific commodity in a certain country can not be found in other countries, or although this commodity is resulted in the country, the volume is relative small so that the efforts to develop it need production cost which is more expensive than it if it is compared to importing attemps. The same case is the domestic commodity which can be sold to the foreign countries if the price of the commodity abroad is more expensive than it in the country. The above phenomenon happens both to Indonesian and Timor Leste people staying on the border areas. However, trading interaction of both sides is still on traditional system and in small volume. This economic activity is conducted just as subsistent economic and not commercial economic. This paper attempts to answer on why do trading activities be done, what kind of commodities which are traded, and who does get the opportunity from this activity? this paper is based on the field research to Belu District in 2005 and 2006, and is added with my literature study as well. "