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"Notes: The middle world. The hijra. Birth of the khalifate. The schism. Empire of the Umayyads. The Abassid age. Scholars, philosophers, and sufis. Enter the Turks. Havoc. Rebirth. Meanwhile in Europe. West comes East. The reform movements. Industry, constitutions, and nationalism. Rise of the secular modernists. The crisis of modernity. The tide turn"

"Internet merupakan salah satu sumber informasi yang penting bagi turis yang hendak mengambil keputusan wisata. Komunikasi electronic word-of-mouth dari para turis yang pernah berwisata di suatu destinasi dapat menjadi sarana promosi bagi destinasi wisata tersebut. Hal itu pun berlaku dalam konteks pariwisata halal. Pariwisata halal dibangun atas dasar nilai-nilai Islami. Turis muslim yang menjadi sasaran dalam pasar tersebut adalah turis yang mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai agama dalam perilaku dan kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh religiositas, persepsi nilai, dan kepuasan destinasi turis muslim terhadap electronic word-of-mouth. Persepsi nilai turis muslim terhadap destinasi wisata halal diukur dengan beberapa variabel turunan, yaitu kualitas dan harga dari dimensi nilai kognitif, emosional dan sosial dari dimensi nilai afektif, pengalaman baru dan pengalaman berbeda dari dimensi nilai epistemik, keamanan dan lokasi dari dimensi nilai kondisional, atribut fisik dan atribut nonfisik dari dimensi nilai Islami. Data dikumpulkan dari turis muslim Indonesia yang pernah berkunjung ke destinasi wisata halal Lombok melalui survei online dan dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya nilai sosial dari persepsi nilai afektif yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap electronic word-of-mouth. Hal tersebut menandakan turis muslim melakukan komunikasi electronic-word-mouth jika mereka merasa lingkungan sosial mereka memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap destinasi wisata halal dan terhadap turis yang berkunjung ke destinasi tersebut

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The Internet is one of the important information sources for tourists when they are making travel decisions. Electronic word-of-mouth communication from tourists that have visited a destination can be used as a promotional media for that destination. It can also be applied in the context of halal tourism. Halal tourism is built based on Islamic values. Muslim tourists who are the target of that market are tourists who considering Islamic values in their daily life and behaviors. This study analyzes the effect of Muslim tourists’ religiosity, perceived value, and destination satisfaction on electronic word-of-mouth. Muslim tourists’ perceived value towards halal tourism destination is measured using several variables, i.e., quality and price from cognitive value dimension, emotional and social from affective value dimension, different experience and novelty from epistemic value dimension, safety and location from conditional value dimension, and physical attributes and nonphysical attributes from Islamic value dimension. The data for this study were collected from Indonesian Muslim tourists that have visited halal tourism destination in Lombok via online survey and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The result shows that only social value from perceived affective value dimension has a significant effect on electronic word-of-mouth. It means that Muslim tourists will do electronic word-of-mouth communication if they feel their social environment have good perception towards halal tourism destination and towards tourists that visited that destination"

"ABSTRACTThe Arab conquests following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in AD 632 changed the face of the world for ever. In the year 600 there were no Muslims, and Arabic was spoken only in the Arabian Peninsula and the fringes of Iraq and Syria. No Arabs lived in Egypt or North Africa; Syria and Egypt formed part of the Greek-speaking Christian Byzantine Empire; and Iraq and Iran were ruled by a fire-worshipping Zoroastrian, the Sasanian King of Kings." "Yet in just a few decades this old world order came to an end: by 641 Arab Muslim armies had conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iraq; by 700 all of North Africa; and by 720 Spain, Pakistan and much of Central Asia. The speed of the conquests is astonishing, but even more is the fact that they proved to be permanent: Syria, Iraq, Egypt and North Africa all became Arabic-speaking Muslim countries, and in Iran, although Arabic never replaced the ancient Persian language, Islam became the dominant religion."

"This volume brings together studies that explore the richness of the Arabic literary tradition and of Islamic intellectual life, from the beginnings of Islam to the present. The contributors cover an unusually wide range of subjects, including such topics as guile in the Quran, marriage in Islamic law, early esoterica, commentaries on al Hariris Maqamat, Hellenistic philosophy in Arabic, medieval music and song, scurrilous poetry, Arabic rhetoric, cursing, the modern social and legal history of the Middle East, al Kharrats modernist project, and contemporary Islamic thought and responses to it. The volumes range reflects the enormous breadth of Everett Rowsons scholarship and his impact over a lifetime of publishing, editing, teaching, and mentoring in the many fields that constitute the Arabic humanities and Islamic thought. "