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"Related to economic globalization era, many big scale companies make decision to hold their business in other countries. Indonesia as developing country also includes the nation actively conducts their efforts to attract investors. As the consequences of the business, many big scale companies develop their business in Indonesia. The form of business activities that many conducted by the big scale companies is branch (permanent establishment).The income tax on the permanent establishment ("PE") operation actually represent great potential tax object, but the enforcement on its tax imposition still has not optimal yet. Therefore, the loss of fiscal potential contained in each BUT activity should be anticipated by Directorate General of Taxation by formulating the efforts that may be conducted by the Directorate General of Taxation in supporting the optimization of the income tax revenue on this PE. Moreover, the hindrances facing the tax imposition on this PE revenue should be identified carefully in order to seek the proper handling efforts.The determination of the profit amount on the companies will be fit with the actual condition and is not conducted hypothetically if carried in resident country. However, in case the business is conducted in the source country, its consequences that the source country also requires the cost in order that the business may operate. Therefore, the source country also should be given the taxing right on the business income gained by PE in the source country. How far the taxing right of the source country on the income from its region is determined by some criterion. The main criteria of PE is a "fixed place of business", namely there is a permanent place to conduct the business activities in the source country.The purpose of this thesis is to describe the treatment of income tax imposition on PE in Indonesia, arising issues and efforts that may be conducted by the Directorate General of Taxation in order that the collection of income tax on PE is more optimum.The used research method in this thesis writing is descriptive analytical method. The research was conducted through interviews with some tax official and tax officers, tax consultants, taxpayers and the potential taxpayers. The document investigation was conducted based on the scientific works and the tax regulations either based on the law, its implementation terms, or terms contained in tax treaties.Based on the research conducted in the field it was known that Badora Tax. Office had no sufficient capabilities to be able to identify BUT especially for the activity type of service provider. The difficulty to detect PE existence of the activity type of service provider also can not separated by the existing weaknesses in Badora Tax Office it self.From analysis result was obtained conclusion that activity type of activity type of service provider actually represents the very potential tax object, but it was not explored optimally, as hindered by the low understanding especially concerning international tax (especially on PE) and the minimum English language ability in the tax officers, and the limited staff fully understanding the type of business of each PE taxpayer.On the above conclusion, that it is suggested to improve the English language capability and the understanding on the international tax knowledge, it is better to hold the special education periodically and in sustainable way."

"A contracting state cannot tax the profits of an enterprise (resident) of the other Contracting State unless it carries on its business through a permanent establishment (PE) situated therein. Hence the establishment of a PE is a main condition that the source country can impose taxes on profits from foreign business activities.

Considering the importance of a PE to a source country in terms of imposing taxes on foreign business activities, therefore in order to optimize tax revenues, Directorate General of Tax (DGT) must carry out extensification efforts optimally on PE. Whether these extensification efforts on PE are optimal or not really depends on DGT?s capability in identifying and declaring PE status of Foreign Taxpayers that engage in business activities in Indonesia.

Based on the result of the research which has been done trough a series of interview with relevant parties, it can be concluded that extensification efforts of PE which have been done by DGT especially KPP Badora Dua are not optimum enough. The main source point of these not so optimum extensitication efforts is due to the not optimal process of PE identification being done.

There are various problems that cause PE identification could not be done optimally, which are: unavailability of sufficient data, weak skills of DGT's human resources, the lack of comprehension of the industry being supervised, the rapid growth of telecommunication and information technology, the high mobility of Foreign Taxpayers, taxpayer's poor knowledge as to the concept of PE, the tendency to impose Income Tax article 26 on every transaction having to do with Foreign Taxpayers, and also the reluctance of Foreign Taxpayers to register itself in as a PE.

To optimize PE extensification efforts, the DGT is advised to increase its capability in identifying and declaring the PE's status through development of a comprehensive and up to date data bank, stepping up employees know how, more intense cooperation with business association and certain technical departments, intensifying counselling to tax payers, renegotiation of Tax Treaties, increasing the quality of service and tax administration, and taking the follow-up steps intensively of the results of extensification."

"Ketentuan reduced rate yang berlaku dalam tax treaty berlaku khusus terhadap pengenaan Branch Profit Tax (BPT) pada UU PPh berdasarkan asas lex specialis derogat legi generali. Namun, dalam praktiknya kerap terjadi sengketa mengenai penerapan reduced rate yang dilakukan oleh kontraktor migas, alasannya karena penerapan reduced rate dianggap mengakibatkan ketentuan bagi hasil yang tercantum dalam Production Sharing Contract (PSC) menjadi tidak terpenuhi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan tax treaty dengan PSC agar mengetahui ketentuan mana yang harus diacu pada penyelesaian sengketa BPT Bentuk Usaha Tetap hulu migas dan mengetahui desain bagi hasil yang menciptakan kepastian hukum dalam pengenaan BPT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karena ketentuan perpajakan dalam PSC dikembalikan kepada UU PPh yang berlaku, maka ketentuan tax treaty dapat diterapkan dalam PSC berdasarkan Pasal 32A UU PPh, lalu untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum diperlukan penegasan terkait penggunaan tax treaty dalam ketentuan PSC.

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Reduced rate provisions in tax treaty are applicable to the imposition of Branch Profit Tax (BPT) of the Income Tax Law based on the lex specialis derogat legi generali principle. However, in practice there are often tax disputes regarding the application of reduced rates towards BPT by oil and gas contractors because the implementation of reduced rates is presumed to result in the non-fulfillment of the production sharing provisions stated in the Production Sharing Contract (PSC). This study aims to analyze the comparison of legal position between tax treaty and PSC in order to find out which provisions should be referred to in the dispute resolution of BPT imposition towards oil and gas Permanent Establishments and to know the production sharing design that creates legal certainty in BPT imposition. The research method used is a qualitative approach by conducting literature studies and field studies. The result of this research indicates that because tax provisions in the PSC are based on the prevailing Income Tax Law, therefore tax treaty provisions can be applied toward PSC based on Article 32A of the Income Tax Law, and then to create legal certainty it is necessary to affirm in the PSC clauses the use of tax treaty provisions."