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"The impact of Urbanization to food habits and socio-demographic characteristics was examined by comparing a total of 150 elderly subjects from rural, low income urban and middle income urban community (50 in each area) in Bandung district, West Java. All subjects had the same ethnicity (Sundanese). Urban subjects should migrated to the city for at least 30 years.

Data collection was done from January to March 1996. The data was collected through personal interview, anthropometric assessment and in-depth interview to selected individuals. These data collection was aimed to obtain information on food habits, health status, psychological well-being and nutritional status. Changes in food habits was gathered by using list of food which included current and past consumption frequency. Health status data was collected through subjective health reported by the subjects. Nutritional status was assessed by using several anthropometric measurement namely weight, height, armspan and calf circumference.

Changes in consumption frequency of several food items were found between current and past situation and also among areas. Several indicators of psychological well-being were also found significantly different among the three areas. No difference of nutritional status indices among areas were found."

"Slim mudskipper, parapocryptes sp. is commanly found in estuary and brackish water pond area. Study on gonad maturity and food habits of this fish was done from February to June 2002...."

"Ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) ditemukan melimpah di perairan Situ Rawa Besar dengan ukuran yang bervariasi dengan kisaran 17,5 37 cm. Kebiasaan makanan ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar memiliki tingkat kesamaan yang tinggi dengan ikan lokal yang potensial untuk dibudidayakan, namun pengelompokan ikan sapu-sapu berdasarkan makanannya belum dapat ditentukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji kebiasaan makanan, spektrum makanan, dan tingkat trofik ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar sebagai salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kelimpahan ikan sapu-sapu di perairan. Pengambilan 30 sampel ikan sapu-sapu dilakukan secara acak dari perairan kemudian dilakukan pengukuran panjang, pembedahan, pengeluaran, serta pengamatan isi saluran pencernaan ikan untuk diidentifikasi komposisi makanannya. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 100 kali dengan pengulangan tiga kali pada tiap sampel. Data yang didapat diolah dengan menggunakan Index of Preponderance, perhitungan luas relung, dan tingkat trofik. Makanan utama yang dimanfaatkan oleh ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar yaitu Cyanophyta sebesar 98,98% dan sisanya berupa makanan tambahan diantaranya yaitu Bacillariophyta sebesar 0,38%, Chlorophyta sebesar 0,36%, Euglenophyta sebesar 0,23% dan Cryptophyta sebesar 0,05%. Berdasarkan luas relung makanannya ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar bersifat spesialis karena memiliki nilai luas relung rendah yaitu sebesar 0,005 yang menandakan ikan tersebut selektif dalam memilih makanannya. Berdasarkan tingkat trofik ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar termasuk pada kelompok I sebagai ikan herbivora dengan nilai tingkat trofik sebesar 2. Ditinjau dari spektrum makanannya ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar termasuk ke dalam kelompok ikan monofagik yang hanya mengkonsumsi satu jenis makanan saja yaitu fitoplankton dari kelompok Cyanophyta sebagai makanan utama sehingga memiliki kisaran makanan yang sempit.

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Sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) are found abundantly in Lake Rawa Besar with a size range of 17.5—37 cm. The food habits of the sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar have a high degree of similarity with local fish that have the potential to be cultivated, but the grouping of sailfin catfish based on their diet cannot be determined. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to examine the food habits, food spectrum, and trophic level of sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar as one of the factors causing the abundance of sailfin catfish in the waters. The collection of 30 samples of sailfin catfish were carried out randomly from the waters and then the length measurement, dissection, ejection, and observation of the contents of sailfin catfish’s digestive tracts of the fish were carried out to identify the composition of the food. Observations were made using a light microscope with a magnification of 100 times with three repetitions for each sample. The data obtained is processed using the Index of Preponderance, the calculation of niche area and trophic level. The main food utilized by the sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is Cyanophyta  98.98% and the rest are in the form of additional foods including Bacillariophyta 0.38%, Chlorophyta 0.36%, Euglenophyta 0.23% and Cryptophyta 0.05%. Based on the breadth of the food niche, sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is specialist because it has a low niche area value of 0.005 which indicates that the fish is selective in choosing its food. Based on the trophic level of sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is included in group I as a herbivorous fish with a trophic level value of 2. In terms of its food spectrum, sailfin catfish in Lake Rawa Besar is included in the monophagic fish group that only consumes one type of food which is phytoplankton from Cyanophyta group as main food, so it has a narrow food range. "

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang kampanye Food Conservation pada tahun 1917-1920. Tujuan kampanye ini adalah untuk menjamin ketersediaan pangan Amerika Serikat dan Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia I. Melalui kampanye Food Conservation, pemerintah bekerja sama dengan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan produksi pangan dan mengurangi konsumsi atas komoditas yang dibutuhkan untuk ekspor. Dalam menulis skripsi ini digunakan metode sejarah, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kampanye Food Conservation mengubah kebiasaan kuliner masyarakat Amerika, selain berhasil mengamankan pangan Amerika Serikat.

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This thesis examines an effort to secure the United States and its allies food supply during the First World War, through a campaign called Food Conservation in 1917-1920. Throughout this campaign, the United States government cooperated with its people to increase food production and to reduce food consumption, of which were essential for export. This thesis was written based on historical methods: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and history writing. To be concluded, the Food Conservation campaign changed American culinary habits, aside from its achievement in securing the U.S. and its allies food supply."

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Pada umumnya, menarche terjadi pada usia 12-14 tahun. Namun, beberapa dekade terakhir terjadi tren penurunan usia menarche menjadi lebih muda, padahal menarche lebih awal maupun lebih lambat dapat berdampak pada kesehatan saat dewasa. Faktor gizi, termasuk kebiasaan makan, merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dan dapat dimodifikasi dalam pengaruhnya terhadap usia menarche. Untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh kebiasaan makan terhadap usia menarche, dilakukan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang pada 420 siswi dari 15 SMP terpilih di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2023 melalui wawancara, pengisian angket, serta pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan siswi. Hasil analisis mendapatkan rata-rata usia menarche adalah 11 tahun 9 bulan, dengan usia menarche termuda 8 tahun 11 bulan dan usia menarche tertua 14 tahun 4 bulan. Siswi SMP di Provinsi DKI Jakarta ditemukan memiliki kecenderungan konsumsi harian melebihi 100% AKG untuk karbohidrat, lemak, protein, gula dan garam. Namun, sebanyak 70,7% responden memiliki kebiasaan makan serat kurang dari 100% AKG. Kebiasaan makan serat yang rendah (<29 gram/hari) ditemukan berhubungan signifikan dengan usia menarche lebih awal berdasarkan uji bivariat (p=0,006) maupun uji multivariat setelah dikontrol kebiasaan makan lemak, protein, dan garam (p=0,047) dengan nilai OR=0,569 (95%CI 0,325-0,993) yang berarti siswi dengan kebiasaan makan serat rendah berpeluang 1,76 kali untuk mendapatkan menarche lebih awal dibandingkan siswi dengan kebiasaan makan serat tinggi. Pola asupan gizi seimbang, termasuk kebiasaan makan sayur dan buah yang banyak mengandung serat, menjadi rekomendasi yang perlu diperhatikan mengingat gizi adalah faktor penting bagi tumbuh kembang remaja, dan kesehatan remaja secara umum.

 

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In general, menarche occurs at the age of 12-14 years. However, the last few decades have seen a trend of decreasing the age of menarche to younger, even though earlier or later menarche can impact health. Nutritional factors, including eating habits, are important and can be modified in their influence on the age of menarche. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted to analyze the relationship between eating habits and menarche age in 420 female students from 15 selected junior high schools in DKI Jakarta Province. Data collection was carried out in May 2023 through interviews, filling out questionnaires, and measuring the weight and height of female students. The analysis found that the average age of menarche was 11 years 9 months, with the youngest menarche being 8 years 11 months and the oldest menarche being 14 years 4 months. Junior high school students in DKI Jakarta Province tend for daily consumption to exceed 100% of the RDA for carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, and salt. However, as many as 70.7% of respondents have a habit of eating fiber less than 100% of the RDA. Low fiber diet (<29 grams/day) was also found to be significantly related to earlier menarche age either through the bivariate test (p = 0.006) or multivariate test after controlling for eating habits of fat, protein, and salt (p = 0.047) with a value OR = 0.569 (95% CI 0.325-0.993) which means girls with low fiber eating habits have a 1.76 times chance of getting menarche earlier than girls with high fiber eating habits. A balanced nutritional intake pattern, including vegetables and fruits, is a recommendation because nutrition is an important factor for adolescent growth and development, and adolescent health in general.

 

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"Prevalensi overweight pada remaja semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia dan telah menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional mengenai perbedaan asupan (energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan serat), kebiasaan sarapan, aktivitas fisik, durasi tidur, dan pengetahuan gizi pada kejadian overweight siswa-siswi SMAK 2 PENABUR Jakarta sebelum dan setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin. Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu Chi Square yang melibatkan 121 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 33,1% remaja mengalami overweight. Variabel yang memiliki perbedaan proporsi bermakna (P value ≤0,05) pada kejadian overweight sebelum dan setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin antara lain asupan (energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat), kebiasaan sarapan, aktivitas fisik, dan durasi tidur (OR. Oleh sebab itu, sangat diperlukan berbagai usaha baik dari pihak sekolah maupun pihak orang tua untuk lebih memperhatikan status gizi remaja salah satunya dengan mengadakan penimbangan berat badan secara rutin (minimal sekali dalam sebulan).

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The prevalence of overweight in adolescents keep increasing every year either in developed countries or in developing countries including Indonesia and has become a serious health problem. Therefore, research using cross-sectional study design of the difference between dietary intake, breakfast habit, and other factors to overweight adolescents in PENABUR 2 Christian Senior High School Jakarta before and after controlled by sex. The statistical test used is the Chi Square involving 121 respondents.

The results showed that as many as 33.1% overweight adolescents. Variables that have significant differences in proportions (P value ≤0.05) in the incidence of overweight before and after controlled by sex were dietary intake (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate), breakfast habits, physical activity, and sleep duration. Therefore, it is necessary for both the school and the parents to pay more attention about adolescents’ nutritional status by at least conduct weighing program regularly at least once a month."

"Konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan kejadian obesitas dan masalah kesehatan lainnya pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma Depok tahun 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan kepada 148 mahasiswa Universitas Gunadarma Depok yang dipilih dengan systematic random sampling. Data karakteristik individu, karakteristik makanan, dan karakteristik lingkungan diperoleh dari kuesioner, sedangkan data frekuensi konsumsi fast food diperoleh dari FFQ. Selain itu, digunakan pula perangkat lunak Google Maps Geo-Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 untuk mengukur jarak restoran fast food terhadap kampus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 51,4 responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering ge;3x/minggu. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengaruh teman p=0,001, besar uang saku p=0,050, dan pengaruh media promosi p=0,005 dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda, pengaruh teman merupakan faktor dominan dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman yang kuat berpeluang 2,9 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman lemah setelah dikontrol variabel uang saku, harga dan pengaruh media promosi. Diperlukan edukasi pada mahasiswa mengenai dampak mengonsumsi fast food berlebihan agar lebih bijaksana dalam mengikuti ajakan teman untuk mengonsumsi fast food. Walaupun pertemanan itu penting, tetapi kesehatan diri sendiri juga lebih penting.

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Excessive consumption of fast food can increase the incidence of obesity and other health problems in adolescents. This study aims to determine the dominant factor of the frequency of modern fast food consumption among students Gunadarma University Depok in 2017. The research method used is quantitative with cross sectional study design conducted to 148 students Gunadarma University Depok selected by systematic random sampling. It used questionnaire about individual characteristics, food characteristics, and environmental characteristics, while data of frequency fast food consumption from FFQ. In addition, this study also used software Google Maps Geo Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 to determine the proximity between campus and fast food restaurants.

Result showed that 51,4 of respondents consumed fast food often ge 3x week. Furthermore, there is a difference proportion in the influence of friends p 0.001, amount of pocket money p 0.050, and the influence of promotional media p 0.005 in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Based on the result of multiple logistic regression analysis, friend influence is the dominant factor in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Students with strong friend influences are 2.9 times more likely to eat fast food often compared to poor friend influences after control by other factors such as amount of pocket money, price and influence of promotional media."

"Meningkatnya risiko kejadian obesitas pada remaja disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan frekuensi konsumsi fast food siswa SMA Islamic Village, Kabupaten Tangerang pada tahun 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Data karakteristik personal, pengaruh lingkungan sosial, aksesibilitas, dan pengaruh paparan iklan fast food diperoleh dari kuesioner, sedangkan data frekuensi konsumsi dan besar porsi fast food diperoleh dari semi-quantitative FFQ. Kuesioner dan FFQ tersebut diberikan kepada 205 siswa SMA Islamic Village, Kabupaten Tangerang yang dipilih dengan sistem sampling acak sederhana. Selain itu, digunakan pula perangkat lunak Google Maps Geo-Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 untuk mengukur jarak sekolah terhadap restoran fast food. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 54,6% responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengaruh peer group (p=0,001), besar uang saku (p=0,010), dan pengaruh paparan iklan fast food (p=0,000) dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda, pengaruh paparan iklan fast food merupakan faktor dominan dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Siswa dengan pengaruh paparan iklan fast food yang kuat berpeluang 2,6 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan siswa dengan pengaruh lemah setelah dikontrol variabel status pekerjaan ibu, uang saku, dan pengaruh peer group. Diperlukan edukasi gizi mengenai gizi seimbang, anjuran konsumsi zat gizi harian, jenis, kandungan, dan dampak konsumsi fast food agar siswa terhindar dari konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan.

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The risk of adolescents obesity has increased by some factors, one of the them is the excessive of fast food consumption. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant factor in fast food consumption frequency among the students of SMA Islamic Village, Kabupaten Tangerang in 2014. This study used a quantitative method and cross-sectional design. It used questionnaire about personal characteristics, social influences, accessibility, amount of pocket money, and fast food advertisements influences. Semi-quantitative FFQ also used to determine the fast food frequency. Those questionnaires were given to 205 SMA Islamic Village students which selected by simple random sampling. Moreover, this study also used software Google Maps Geo-Coding Javascript API versi 3.0 to determine the proximity between school and fast food restaurants.

Result showed that 54,6% of respondents consumed fast food often. Furthermore, there is a difference proportion in peer group influences (p=0,001), amount of pocket money (p=0,010), and fast food advertisements influences (p=0,000) in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Based on multiple regression analysis, fast food advertisements influence is the dominant factor in determining fast food consumption frequency. Students who have strong influences from fast food advertisements has an opportunity 2,6x more often to consume fast food than students who have weak influences after controled by other factors, such as mother employment status, amount of pocket money, and peer group influences. Nutrition education about balance diet, nutrition daily allowance, and fast food is needed to prevent the students consume excessive fast food."

"Tingkat pengetahuan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku ataupun kebiasaan seseorang. Salah satu pengetahuan yang perlu dimiliki oleh remaja ialah pengetahuan mengenai makanan cepat saji, guna pola makan remaja yang semakin membaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran dan arah hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang makanan cepat saji dengan pola makan pada remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif korelatif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 190 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas 7 dan 8 di SMPN 245 Jakarta dengan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang berisi 10 pertanyaan tentang tingkat pengetahuan tentang makanan cepat saji dan 20 pernyataan mengenai pola makan. Melalui hasil analisis chi square menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang makanan cepat saji dengan pola makan pada remaja di SMPN 245 Jakarta p 0,543; 0,05 . Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada perawat komunitas, para orang tua terutama yang memiliki anak remaja, serta masyarakat.

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Knowledge is the one of affects a person's habit. One kind of knowledge that teenagers should have is knowledge about junk food. This knowledge is important in order to improve the adolescent 39 s dietary habit. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the level of knowledge about junk food and dietary habit in adolescents. This research is a descriptive correlative research using cross sectional design. The sample of the study was 190 students consisting of grades 7 and 8 in SMPN 245 Jakarta by using stratified random sampling technique.

The instrument used was a questionnaire containing 10 questions about adolescent's knowledge level about junk food and 20 statements about their dietary habit. The chi square analysis shows that there is no correlation between the knowledge level of junk food and the adolescent dietary habit at SMPN 245 Jakarta p 0,543 0,05 . This research is expected to provide information to community nurses, parents especially who have teenagers and also the community as well. "

"Hasil analisis Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu tahun 2014 menyatakan bahwa hanya 6,7% remaja di Indonesia yang memiliki kualitas konsumsi yang baik. Hal ini didapatkan dari penilaian terhadap keragaman, proporsi, dan kecukupan konsumsi. Salah satu indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas konsumsi makanan seseorang adalah dengan menggunakan healthy eating index. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas konsumsi makanan melalui penggunaan healthy eating index pada mahasiswa S1 Reguler Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2022 melalui pengisian kuesioner online oleh responden (n=140). Kuesioner yang digunakan yaitu Semi- quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) terkait data asupan makan, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) terkait tingkat stres, Food Choice Questionnaire terkait alasan pemilihan makan, Pengetahuan Gizi, Health Belief Items terkait keyakinan kesehatan, dan Multidimensi onal Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBRSQ) terkait body image. Hasil analisis univariat memperlihatkan bahwa 51.9% responden memiliki kualitas konsumsi makanan kategori rendah. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin (p-value: 0,002), tingkat stres ((p-value: 0,042), pengaruh media sosial (p-value: 0,002), health belief, dan body image (p-value: 0,009). Sementara itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan gizi image (p-value: 0,091), alasan pemilihan makan image (p-value: 0,563), dan uang saku bulanan image (p-value: 0,988) dengan kualitas konsumsi makanan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menyarankan untuk dilakukannya edukasi mengenai pentingnya konsumsi makanan yang sehat dan teratur sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang dengan memanfaatkan media sosial untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas konsumsi makanan.

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The results of the 2014 SKMI analysis in adolescents stated that the quality of adolescent consumption when viewed as a whole in Indonesia showed a figure that was still quite low at 6.7 percent, this was because in terms of the proportion and adequacy of consumption in adolescents was not good. One of the indicators that can be used to assess the quality of a person's food consumption is to use a healthy eating index. This study aims to determine the factors related to the quality of food consumption through the use of a healthy eating index in Regular S1 students of the Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out in May-June 2022 through filling out an online questionnaire by respondents (n=140). The questionnaires used were the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) related to eating intake data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) related to stress levels, the Food Choice Questionnaire related to the reasons for eating selection, Nutritional Knowledge, Health Belief Items related to health beliefs, and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBRSQ) related body image. The results of this study showed that 51.9% of respondents had a low category of food consumption quality. The results of the analysis showed a meaningful relationship between gender, stress levels, social media influences, health beliefs, and body image. Meanwhile, no meaningful relationship was found between nutritional knowledge, reasons for eating, and monthly allowances with the quality of food consumption. Based on the results of the study, the author suggests to be educated regarding the importance of consuming healthy and regular foods in accordance with balanced nutritional guidelines by utilizing social media to improve the quality of food consumption.

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