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"This cross sectional study in the Philippines, is a part of CRONOS study. Data on dietary intake, anthropometry, biochemical assessment and socio - economic and self perceived health status were collected from 300 elderly Filipino men and women between 60-75 years old in middle income and low income areas in Metro Manila and rural areas in Rizal province during the period of October to November 1996.Results of dietary intake showed both sexes had very low intakes of energy nutrients. Rural elderly for both sexes had low intakes of energy and nutrients compared with urban middle income and urban low income.Anthropometric finding showed that rural elderly had lower nutritional status as compared to urban elderly. Chronic energy deficiency was higher in male than female elderly. A high prevalence of anemia (38%) among male elderly was also found to exist. A high prevalence of hypertension was also observed in the urban low income elderly (33%).Majority of the elderly rated their self rated health as good and fair. The reported self perceived diseases common among the elderly were arthritis, cough, and hypertension.Previous jobs engaged by the elderly were mostly blue collar jobs and owing to loss of income, most elderly are dependent on their families for support."

"There were 37.3 million people or 17.42% people out of the total population in Indonesia who lived under the poverty line in year 2003 which constitute 20.23% of people in rural and 13.57% of the people in urban area (BPS, 2003). Poverty has a negative impact to the health and nutrient status of the population who lived under the poverty line. Poor people are more exposed to environmental risk (poor sanitation, unhealthy food, violence and natural disaster) and have less access to quality health care (WHO, 2000). Various approaches have been conducted to determine the poverty line. Badan Pusat Statistics/Central Bureau for Statistics (BPS/CBS) is one of the institutions that have developed the poverty line, which has been used nationally in Indonesia. The poverty line was defined as the expenditure value of the minimum food, so called food poverty line, and non-food commodities per capita per month (BPS, 1998). The food poverty line was derived by calculating the rupiah value of minimum standard for food adequately required by an individual, which was set at 2,100 calories per person per day. The rupiah value of 2,100 calories was derived from 52 selected food commodities mostly consumed by the reference population from the Susenas/National Health Survey data. Reference population is a group of people living just above the poverty line, and hence, their pattern of consumption can be used as a standard of minimum consumption. The selected food commodities were taking into account the difference among provinces but it did not distinguished between rural and urban areas. Therefore, the difference in values of expenditure spent for purchasing these food commodities refers to the differences in volume and price of each selected food item in both areas. However, some aspects were not considered in the calculation of this food poverty line. First, the estimation of the calorie content from the selected food commodities was not based on the quantities of food actually consumed by household member. It was only concerned on the amount of food used by the household. However, food used is not equivalent to the food consumed. Therefore, the calories content derived from the food used would overestimate the calories intake derived from the food actually consumed by the household member (Hasan, 1997). Secondly, the food poverty line developed by BPS was not measured independently. It was based on the consumption of the reference population. The consumption of the reference population was not necessarily adequate in terms of quantity and quality of the food because the reference population was determined by their non-food expenditure. It did not guarantee that people with higher non-food expenditure would consume adequate food. Third, nutrient or food consumption pattern of the population was correlated by the range of foods, which was locally produced or imported, available in an area and in a given season (Gopalan, 1984 in Hatma 2001)."

"ABSTRAKKurang Energi Protein (KEP) sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah gzi utama di Kabupaten Cianjur. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut baik melalui lintas program maupun lintas sektor yang dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya lebih dipertajam ke kantong kantong KEP.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah diketahuinya status gizi balita di Kabupaten Cianjur pada tahun 1996 dan hubungannya dengan tingkat pendidikan ibu, produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), pencapaian program imunisasi campak, program. penanggulangan ISPA, cakupan pencemaran air bersih (PAB), cakupan jamban keluarga (JAGA), dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam. penimbangan (D/S).Studi ini dilaksanakan di 215 posyandu dari 187 desa terpilih dengan perbandingan 164 posyandu dari desa tidak miskin dan 51 posyandu dad desa miskin di seluruh kecamatan yang ada (24 kecamatan). Populasi dan desa miskin di seluruh kecamatan yang ada (24 kecamatan). Populasi dan sampel studi adalah seluruh balita yang ada di posyandu terpilih (215 posyandu).Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa angka kurang energi protein (KEP) pada balita di Kabupaten DT II Cianjur sebesar 19,4%. Tidak ada kecamatan yang tidak memiliki kantong KKP, angka KEP di kantong-kantong KEP tersebut berkisar antara 12% s.d. 59%. Dari uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara prevalensi KEP total dengan pendidikan ibu, penggunaan air bersih, frekuensi diare, dan penggunaan jamban keluarga. Sementara dengan cakupan imunisasi campak, penanggulangan ISPA, PDRB, dan partisipasi rnasyarakat di posyandu tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan.Mengingat hal diatas, hasil studi ini agar dapat dijadikan bahan masukan bagi perencanaan baik untuk program gizi sendiri maupun untuk program penanggulangan penyakit diare (P2 Diare), program penyediaan air bersih, dan jamban keluarga serta perencanaan koordinasi dengan Depdikbud dalam program kejar paket A dan B untuk daerah dengan KEP tinggi harus mendapat prioritas.

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ABSTRACT

Background

Currently, in District of Cianjur the Protein Calorie Deficiency remains as the major nutritional problem. A lot of effort both in inter programs and inter sector of which the implementation is more ficused to the order to overcome the problem.

Aims

The aims of this study is to obtain the under five children nutritional status in the distric of Cianjur in 1996 and its relations to the mother's educational level, Bruto Regional Domestic Product, the achievement of the measles immunization program, the coverage of the use of clean water, the coverage of the family septic tank toilet and people's participation in the body weight scalling

Method

This study is carried out in 215 Posyandus (The Integrated Service Post) from 187 selected villages which consist of 164 posyandu of non poor villages and 51 posyandus of poor villages in whole exiting subdistricts (24 subdistrics). The population and samples for this study are all the under five chlidren in the selected posyandus (215 Posyandu)

Result

The study shows that the rate of Protein Calorie Deficiency of under five children in the Distric of Cianjur is 19,4%. All subdistricts have the 'protein calorie deficiency area with the rate of protein calorie deficiency in these areas range between 12% to 59%. The statistical test shows relation of total prevalence of protein calori deficiency and mother's educational level, the use of clean water, the frequency of diarrhoea and the use of family septic tank toilet. Meanwhile, it shows no relation with the coverage of measles immunization, the upper respiratory tract infection overcoming program, bruto regional domestic product, and people's participation in posyandu.

Considering the above matter, the result of this study could be potential input for planning of nutritional program as well as communicable disease control (diarrhoea), clean water provision program and family septic tank toilet. And for coordinating with Departement of Education and Culture in the elimination of illiteracy program A and B in areas of high rate of protein calorie deficiency should be considered as highest priority."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dari perilaku diet penurunan berat badan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tersebut pada siswi SMAN 5 Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional, pengambilan sampel secara random berkelompok (cluster sampling), dan dianalasis dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 188 siswi kelas X dan XI. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 25 Maret 2013 - 6 April 2013. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 34% responden melakukan diet penurunan berat badan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perilaku diet penurunan berat badan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan status gizi (p-value 0.008), citra tubuh (pvalue 0.000), pengaruh keluarga (p-value 0.000), pengaruh teman dekat (p-value 0.000), dan pengaruh media massa (p-value 0.000). Disarankan adanya program edukasi gizi seperti pelatihan penilaian status gizi dan penyuluhan tentang perilaku diet penurunan berat badan agar remaja putri dapat menilai status gizinya secara akurat dan dapat memahami konsep diet penurunan berat badan secara benar.

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The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of dieting behavior and its correlates among students (adolescent girls) at SMAN 5 Tasikmalaya. This study uses cross-sectional design, cluster sampling method, and analyzed using the chi-square test. The study sample consisted of 188 students of class X and XI. This study was conducted on March 25, 2013 - April 6, 2013.

The result of this study shows that 34% of respondents doing a diet. This study also found that dieting behavior has been associated with nutritional status (p-value 0.008), body image (p-value 0.000), family influence (p-value 0.000), peer group influence (pvalue 0.000), and influence of the mass media (p-value 0.000).

The researcher suggests the existence of nutrition education programs such as training about nutritional status assessment and counseling about dieting behavior so that adolescent girls can assess the nutritional status accurately and understand the concept of dieting behavior correctly."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kegiatan posyandu dan status gizi balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Silih Nara Kabupaten Aceh Tengah tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dari hasil wawancara dengan pedoman kuesioner dan observasi dengan pedoman checklist serta data sekunder dari hasil laporan gizi Puskesmas dan register posyandu.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, dengan sampel seluruh posyandu dan kader posyandu aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 96,7% sarana posyandu tidak lengkap, 50,0% posyandu mempunyai kader kurang dari 5 (lima) orang, 83,2% pengetahuan kader kurang, mayoritas kader (93,7%) tidak pernah melakukan penyuluhan gizi, mayoritas kader melakukan PMT Pemulihan kurang dari 90 hari terus menerus, 64,3% kader tidak melakukan tindak lanjut hasil penimbangan, 73,3% posyandu dengan cakupan D/S di bawah target, dan balita dengan status gizi kurang sebanyak 20,86%.Disarankan agar Dinas Kesehatan mendorong kepala puskesmas lebih memperhatikan program promosi kesehatan terutama program posyandu, meningkatkan pengetahuan kader dengan mengadalan pelatihan kader, dan peningkatan sumber daya manusia promosi kesehatan di tingkat puskesmas. Bagi puskesmas diharapkan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas kinerja petugas promosi kesehatan, merekrut kader baru dan melakukan pembinaan berkesinambungan terhadap semua posyandu. Bagi pokja IV PKK agar melakukan pembinaan yang berkesinambungan terhadap kader posyandu, kader dan tokoh masyarakat agar meningkatkan perannya, menambah wawasan dan tokoh masyarakat agar ikut menggerakkan peran serta masyarakat.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the activities overview posyandu and nutritional status of children in the region of Nara Reparation Health Center of Central Aceh District in 2012. This study uses primary data from interviews with questionnaires and observation guidelines with the guidelines checklist and report the results of secondary data from Community Health Center and register posyandu nutrition.The study is a descriptive study, with samples of all posyandu and cadres are active. The results showed 96.7% posyandu no means complete, 50.0% posyandu cadres had less than 5 (five), 83.2% lack of knowledge of cadres, cadres majority (93.7%) have never done nutritional counseling, the majority PMT Recovery cadres do less than 90 days continuously, 64.3% of cadres do not follow up the results of weighing, with coverage of 73.3% posyandu D / S is below the target, and the nutritional status of infants with less as much as 20.86%.Public Health Service recommended that more attention to health centers encourage the head of health promotion programs, especially programs posyandu, increase knowledge for meaningful training cadre to cadre, and the improvement of human resources in health promotion clinic level. For the clinic is expected to increase the quality and quantity of health promotion staff performance, recruiting new cadres and conduct ongoing training for all posyandu. For the working group in order to guide IV PKK continued to posyandu cadres, cadres and leaders in order to enhance its role, adding insight and community leaders to participate mobilize community participation."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan estimasi VO2 max, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan asupan gizi (energi, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, kalsium, dan zat besi) antara anak normal dan anak dengan retardasi mental. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain ecological study. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret - April 2012 di SDN Srengseng Sawah 07 dan SLBN 02 Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan VO2 max dan aktivitas fisik yang lebih rendah secara siginifikan pada kelompok anak dengan retardasi mental (p =0,001). Rata-rata asupan kelompok dengan retardasi mental lebih tinggi secara bermakna untuk asupan protein (p=0,007), vitamin A (p=0,043) dan vitamin B2 (p=0,027). Sekolah disarankan untuk rutin melakukan tes kebugaran kardiovaskular. Pada anak dengan retardasi mental disarankan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan menjaga asupan makan.

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The purpose of this study is to compare estimated VO2 max, nutritional status, physical activity, and nutritional intakes (energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, and iron) between normal children and children with mental retardation. This research is an ecological study. Data were collected from March to April 2012 in SDN Srengseng Sawah 07 and SLBN 02 Jakarta.

This study shows that estimated VO2 max and physical activity in children with mental retardation is significantly different (p=0,001). Mean of nutritional intakes in children with mental retardation is siginificantly higher in protein (p=0,007), vitamin A (p=0,043), and vitamin B2 (p=0,027).

It is suggested that the school has to examine the cardiovascular fitness regularly. Children with mental retardation are suggested to increase their physical activity and control their food intake."

"Masa anak balita relatif pendek, tetapi sarat dengan proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, sehingga masa anak balita tersebut menempati posisi penting dalam siklus kehidupan manusia. Kemiskinan erat hubungannya dengan keadaan gizi balita, karena penduduk miskin memiliki akses yang relatif kecil terhadap kebutuhan pangan dan pelayanan kesehatan dasar, serta biasa hidup dalam lingkungan yang kurang sehat. Umumnya anak balita yang hidup di dalam keluarga miskin mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan kurang gizi, namun ternyata ada sebagian. anak balita dan keluarga miskin mempunyai kemampuan untuk bertahan sehingga mampu untuk tumbuh kembang dengan baik. Karena itu timbul pertanyaan, faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan anak balita keluarga miskin dapat mempunyai status gizi baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk rnengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak balita di daerah miskin yaitu Kabupaten Gunung kidul dan Kabupaten Sukabumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potog lintang (Cross Sectional) dengan 440 jumlah sampel yang diolah dari studi Penyimpangan Positif Status Gizi anak balita dan Faktor yang berperan di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dan Kabupaten Sukabumi, suatu penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Puslitbang Gizi Bogor bulan April - November 2000. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi gizi baik anak balita di Gunung Kidul 68,01 % dan di Sukabumi 67,43 %, hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna (p < 0,05) antara status gizi ibu (MT) dengan status gizi baik balita dan antara pendapatan keluarga dengan status gizi baik balita, serta tidak ada hubungan bermakna (P > 0,05) masing-masing antara karakteristik (umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, dan pengetahuan ibu), karakeristik keluarga (jumlah- anggota keluarga, dan keadaan rumah tinggal), konsumsi anak balita (energi dan protein), riwayat kesehatan anak, dan perilaku ibu (gizi dan kesehatan) dengan status gizi baik anak balita. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang dominan berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak balita adalah pendapatan keluarga, status gizi ibu (IMT), dan umur ibu. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa proporsi gizi baik masih rendah dan adanya beberapa faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan status gizi baik anak balita di daerah miskin. Untuk itu dinas kesehatan kabupaten/kota dalam merencanakan strategi upaya perbaikan konsumsi dan status gizi pada golongan rawan, perlu dipertimbangkan faktor dominan setiap daerah, sehingga strategi program yang telah direncanakan dapat tepat diterapkan pada setiap daerah. Untuk puskesmas perlu lebih digalakan program pemantauan pertumbuhan anak balita dan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya kegunaan KMS untuk memonitor pertumbuhan anak balita melalui penemuan ibu-ibu.

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Short period of 0 - 5 years old is full of growth and development processes. Thus, it is the most important stage on human life cycle. Malnutrition is strongly associated with the poverty because of limited access to fill the necessity of food and health service among the poor. Commonly, children under five, who live in poor family, have interference of their development. Nevertheless, some children, who live in economic pressure, can survive to grow and develop well. This phenomenon is called "positive deviance". Then the question appears " What factors operate among those well nourished children ? ".

The purpose of this study is to find out about factors related to children under five's nutritional status in Gunung Kidul and Sukabumi. This study used cross sectional design of 440 children, who have been included, from 450 children as the sample of positive deviance study on children under five's nutritional status and associated factors which have a role in Gunung Kidul and Sukabumi. Nutrition Research and Development Center (Puslitbang) of Bogor did the study in April - November 2000.

The result indicated that proportion of well nourished children under five in Gunung Kidul was 68,01% and 67,43% in. Sukabumi. The chi-.square's test result showed that there's significant association (pO,O5) between mother's characteristics (age, education, and nutrition knowledge), family's characteristic (family's number and the residence's condition), good consumption of children (energy and protein), child morbidity, and mother's attitude (nu lion and health), and child nutrition status. The result of double logistic regression raultivariate analysis showed that family's income, mother's nutritional status, and mother's age are dominant factors which are associated with the children under five's nutritional status.

In summary, the result showed that the proportion of good nutritional status is still low and there are significant factors, which are related to the children under five's nutritional status in destitute area, in the manner of planning strategy to improve the consumption and nutrient status on high risk group, the district health office need to consider the plan which is appropriate with significant factors in each area. So, the program strategy can he applied appropriately. In addition, Health Center (Puskesmas) needs to strengthen the growth monitoring program of children under five and also the use of KMS as a tool to monitor child growth in every contact with mothers."

"Gizi kurang merupakan penyebab sepertiga kematian pada anak. Beberapa tahun terakhir karena meningkatnya harga pangan dan menurunnya pendapatan telah meningkatkan resiko kekurangan gizi terutama dikalangan anak-anak. Penyebab utama masalah gizi kurang adalah kurangnya asupan makanan atau anak menderita infeksi. Sedangkan penyebab tak langsung adalah ketersediaan pangan, pola asuh anak, pelayanan kesehatan, sanitasi dan air bersih. Pada tahun 2009 di Kecamatan Teluk Sampit prevalensi gizi kurus sebesar 21,6%, lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan angka kabupaten yaitu 14,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik ibu, baduta dan keluarga dengan status gizi baduta (6-23 bulan) di Kecamatan Teluk Sampit, menggunakan metode penelitian non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data secara cross sectional. Pengambilan responden sebagai sampel secara simple random sampling.Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan baduta dengan status gizi normal 84%, kurus 14% dan sangat kurus 2%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan, pendapatan keluarga dan jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi baduta. Pemberdayaan masyarakat perlu dilakukan di wilayah Kecamatan Teluk Sampit dengan mengembangkan sarana dan prasarana, meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan, pelatihan manajemen usaha dan penyediaan lapangan kerja sehingga daya beli masyarakat terhadap pangan meningkat.

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Undernutrition is an underlying cause of about one third child deaths. Over the past year, rising food prices coupled with falling incomes have increased the risk of malnutrition, especially among children. The general cause of the problem malnutrition in the children are lack of food intake and infection. The indirect cause are the availability of food, child care patterns, health services, sanitation and cleaning water. In the year 2009 prevalence of wasted children in Teluk Sampit was 21.6%, higher when compared to East Kotawaringin district that are 14.6%. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between characteristic of mother, child under two years, and families with a nutritional status of under two years children (6-23 months) in Teluk Sampit sub district. Using non-experimental design where data were collected cross sectionally. Respondents were taken using simple random sampling.

Result showed that children under two years with good nutrient were 84%, wasted were 14% and severely wasted were 2%. Bivariate analysis of the finding showed that there was significant correlation between education, family income and family size with nutritional status. This study suggests that community empowerment needs to be done in Teluk Sampit through developing facilities and infrastructure for increasing family incomes by enhanching, their knowledge and skills, income generating, training and provide employment to increase food purchasing power."

"ABSTRACTThe distraction of tropical rain forest in developing world has destroyed the forest ecological balance and affected its Inhabitants. In Indonesia, Increasing pressure on farm and forest lands has led the State Forest Corporation (SFC) to device a social forestry program. One of which was Implemented In Sanggau district, West Kalimantan province. The project, called Social Forestry Development Project (SFDP), aimed at establishing forest management system which allow for adequate income generation for the local population while preserving the forest ecological stability. The nutrition related activities of the project involved development of agricultural production, Income generation, development of Infrastructure facilities, and nutrition education. The study was conducted to Investigate the changes In nutritional situation of forest communities after three years Implementation of the SFDP In Sanggau district, West Kalimantan province. Two-repeat cross-sectional study was carried out In five sub villages of the project areas. Thirty households with under five children from each sub village were randomly selected from the list of total households that have under five children. Totally 152 households with 206 under five children from the first survey (April, 1993) and 151 households with 190 under five children from the second survey (September, 1996) were covered. Data on demographic characteristics, the nutritional status of under five children, socioeconomic conditions, sanitation conditions, food availability, food intake, child feeding practices, health services, exposure to Infectious diseases, and mothers' health and nutritional conditions were collected In both 1993 and 1996 surveys. Lower stunting prevalence (50.9% Vs 69.5%) and improved HAZ (-2.09 ± 1.46 Vs -2.70 ± 1.23) of children are observed in the area In 1996 compared to that In 1993. Suggesting that the project benefited the linear growth of children. The economic condition and food availability of the households In the area, as indicated by the Increase In percentage of households who owned radio and television (43.3% Vs 21.1% and 12.1% Vs 2.7%, respectively) and the decrease In percentage of those who experience food shortage (48.2% Vs 79.6%), was Improved. Significant Improvement was also observed In household consumption frequency of some food items and the ownership of KMS as well as Immunization coverage among the under five children. However, the sanitation condition and weaning practices in the area remained unchanged or even become worse and has led to high occurrence of diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). It was concluded that, the SFDP benefited linear growth of children by Improving the condition of some nutritional determinants. Therefore, the continuation and improvement of all current nutritional related activities of the project is recommended. Since the sanitation condition and weaning practices in the area was still bad, other recommendation would be an Introduction of latrine and clean water supply and weaning time for Infant at the age of 4-6 months instead of at younger age (less than 4 months)."

"It is well accepted that dietary imbalances inflict a substantial burden of illness on Filipinos. Persistent nutritional problems in the Philippines such as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and other nutritional deficiencies greatly affect many infants and young children (Florentino, 1996). Results of the Philippine Nationwide Nutrition Survey in 1998 revealed various degrees of malnutrition assessed through clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Iron-deficiency anemia is highly prevalent especially among infants, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. The incidence of anemia is 56.6% for infants, 50.3% and 45.7% for pregnant and lactating women, respectively and 49.1% and 39.2% for elderly male and female, respectively. Prevalence rate of anemia for all age groups is 30.6% which is higher than the 1993 rate of 28.9%. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a public health problem in the country. Vitamin A deficiency among children is widespread throughout the country. The most greatly affected groups by vitamin A deficiency are the children and pregnant women. About 8 out of every 10 children are vitamin A-deficient. About 7 out of every 100 pregnant women are vitamin A .-deficient This prevalence is higher than the 1993 V AD rate of 3 out of every 100 pregnant women. About one-third of the Filipino population is at risk to iodine deficiency disorders (MD). While the overall prevalence of iodine deficiency in the Philippines is mild, 40% of children have moderate to severe iodine deficiency disorders. About 3 out of every 10 children have moderate to severe iodine deficiency disorders. Over the years, the Filipino diet is composed mainly of rice and fish with some vegetables. Changes in the consumption amounts of these foods and the corresponding nutrient intake of Filipinos have been observed through the years. (Villavieja, 1993). In the Philippines, the nutrition concern is a matter of national policy. The Philippine Government is committed to ensuring the nutritional adequacy among its population. The history of the recommendation to increase the variety of foods in Filipino diets as means to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients dates back in the late 40s. This was the first set of dietary guidelines for Filipinos known as the "Basic Six Food Groups" formulated by the then Institute of Nutrition (IN), now the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). Later, the Basic Six Food Groups was revised into "Your Guide to Good Nutrition" same six groups were re-grouped according to the three basic functions of food in the body, namely: energy-giving foods, body-building foods, and regulating foods. This guide was essentially the practical translation of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in the form of functional groupings of foods together with the recommended amounts designed to supply all the nutrients that the body needs. In 1990, the first Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos was formulated by a committee spearheaded by FNRL The Nutritional Guidelines was not intended to replace the Guide to Good Nutrition but to offer a broader guideline for nutritional health. For broader guidance on nutrition and health, the FNRI initiated the development of a new food guide " the Philippine Food Guide Pyramid". "