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"Five Dayak ethnic groups : Iban, Tamambaloh, Kantu', Bukat and Punan are residing inside the Bentuang Karimun National Park and its vicinity. Most Dayak members are earning their life as farmers, hunters, poachers and collective of forest products either for commercial or personal purposes. They live harmoniously with their surrounding. Research on "Biodiversity of plants and the utility of landscape by communities of Dayak ethnics at Bentuang Karimun National Park and its vicinity", were carried out from November 1996 to May I997. The result had been presented in a thesis, which is composing of two subjects. First subject, concerning with "The indigenous knowledge and the landscape usage of the Dayak". This study is separated into two consecutive chapters. Data were collected by using exploration and square methods. Diversity index are obtained by using Shanon & Wiener formula 1949 (Kreb, 1989); Equation of plant community are calculated using Jaccard (Greig-Smith, 1983) and Cluster analysis is performanced by Ludwig & Reynolds formulation (1988). The result of the research shows that each ethnic group has particular characteristic as follows : a. Housing Sadap village (Dayak Iban), and Sungai Ulu' Palin ViIIage (Dayak Tamambaloh) have long and single house. The other villages such as Nanga Potan (Dayak Kantu'), Along Hovat (Dayak Bukat) and Nanga Bungan (Dayak Punan) do not have. Sadap village is the only village that has water pipe system, while other four villages do not. They get water from the river and from the rain water for drinking. At Along Hovat and Nanga Bungan village, the road has been made from concrete base, while the other three villages have not. Sungai Ulu' Palin village of the Dayak ethnic has the highest population, which. consisted of 92 families or 403 persons, while Nanga Potan village of the Dayak has the lowest, which consisted only 10 families or 45 persons. b. Home garden Based on the plant composition of the home garden at the five villages we visited that the Dayak practice different type of home garden . At Sadap village and Sungai Ulu' Palin village : the Iban and Tamambaloh prefer to grow industrial plants such as rubber Ffevea brasilliensis), while at Nanga Potan and along Hovat : Kantu' and Bukat prefer to grow fruits plants, such as jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and durian (Dario zibethinus). However, the Punan at Nanga Bungan does not practice home garden , therefore, there is no any special plants in their garden. c. Variaton of plants at the active field Generally, at the five villages there are about 27 varieties of glutinous rice and 77 varieties of rice. Beside the main plant, they also grew the supplementary plants such as cucumber (Cucumis melo), cassava (Manihot esculenta), egg plant (Soiwnan sp.), small chili (Capsicum frutescens), "katuk" (Sauropus albicans), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and "paria" (Momordica charantia). d. Vegetation of the abandoned field. The composition of the plants at the abandoned garden has variation. The abandoned garden for 1 - 5 years were dominated by wild plants such as Themeda gigantea and Melastoma malabathricum. The abandoned garden for 5 - 10 years, were dominated by secondary plants such as Macaranga gigantea, A. trilaba, M lapadanta, and Threma orientalis. The abandoned field of more than 20 years are primarily dominated by Dipterocarpaceae. e. Cluster analysis Based on what we observed , we categorize three stages of growth such as "belta" , "trees", and "seedling" stadium on the field. There is an indication that the factor of human activities influence the plant's growth. Second subject, "Me indigenous knowledge and the utility of plant diversity of Dayak ethnic at the Bentuang Km-isms National Park and its vicinity". The purpose of the research was to study how the communities around the National Park benefing the landscape of the park. The data obtained by interviewing members of the community. a. The using of plants Categorization of plant use in five villages communities : 1. Edible plants : consisted of 129 species, 94 genus, and 42 families. 2. Housing materials : consisted of 63 species. 21 genus_ and 14 families.. And tfor agricultural tool consisted of 23 species, 13 genus, and 9 families. 3. Medicinal purposes : consisted of 55 species. 51 genus. and 34 families, 4. Ceremonials and rituals : consisted of 21 species, 19 genus, and 17 families. 5. Clothing : consisted of 7 species, 6 genus, and 5 families. 6. Utensils,rope and braid consisted of 27 species. 14 genus, and 9 families. 7. Dyes : consisted of 7 species, 7 genus, and 6 families.8. Firewood consisted of 19 species, 11 genus and 9 families9. Ornamental or decoration : consisted of 7 species, 6 genus, and 5 families.10. Poison and toxic ingredient : consisted of 4 species, 3 genus, and 2 families.b. The indigenous knowledge The indigenous knowledge of plants of the communities among the ethnics shows varies from one to another. The differences in the knowledge between those of the male and those of the female were tested using the proportional test."

"Kajian manfaat tumbuhan hutan pamah telah dilakukan berdasarkan data keanekaragaman dari penelitian Anas (2013), Rahmah (2013), Sehati (2013), pada bulan Februari hingga Mei 2014. Kajian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan keanekaragaman tumbuhan hutan pamah di zona inti Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD). Kajian manfaat tersebut dilakukan melalui tahap pengecekan serta dokumentasi spesies terkait, dan penelusuran potensi pemanfaatannya melalui sumber rujukan ilmiah. Potensi pemanfaatan yang diperoleh sejumlah 161 spesies tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam 111 genus dan 48 famili. Potensi tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam kategori bahan pangan (72 spesies), bahan obat (73 spesies), bahan bangunan (87 spesies), bahan bakar (33 spesies), kerajinan dan teknologi lokal (47 spesies), bahan pewarna dan ritual (15 spesies), dan sumber penghasilan nonkayu (20 spesies). Sepuluh famili dengan potensi pemanfaatan manfaat terbanyak adalah Euphorbiaceae (10 spesies), Moraceae (10 spesies), Lauraceae (9 spesies), Clusiaceae (8 spesies), Rubiaceae (8 spesies), Fabaceae (7 spesies), Malvaceae (7 spesies), Phyllanthaceae (7 spesies), Sapindaceae (6 spesies), Annonaceae (5 spesies).

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Utilization assessment of low land rain forest vegetation was conducted based on previous research data by Anas (2013), Rahmah (2013), and Sehati (2013) on February to May 2014. Its aim was to acknowledge utilization potential of low land forest plant biodiversity at core zone of Bukit Duabelas National Park (BDNP). The assesment was conducted on checking and documentation of plant biodiversity, and economic potential assessment through scientific reference. Utilization assessment deliver 161 species in 111 genera and 48 families. Utility potential was distributed into seven utilizatition groups, food (72 species) medicinal subtances (73 species), construction (87 species), firewood (33 species), craft and local technology (47 species), natural dye and ritual (15 species), non-timber additional income (20 species). Ten highest families which mostly utilized are Euphorbiaceae (10 species), Moraceae (10 species), Lauraceae (9 species), Clusiaceae (8 species), Rubiaceae (8 species), Fabaceae (7 species), Malvaceae (7 species), Phyllanthaceae (7 species), Sapindaceae (6 species), Annonaceae (5 species)."

"Adaptation of Traditional Community to Their Environment (Study on Economic Activities of Talang Mamak Ethnic Group Community at Indragiri Hulu Regency)Talang Mamak Ethnic Group as one of remote traditional community groups inhabiting the Taman Nasional Bukit Tiga Puluh (TNBT) or Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park at the territory of Indragiri Hulu Regency of Riau Province. They inhabit the area prepared by the local government within the framework of re-inhabitation program. Because of its location, they experience contacts with outside world; even they are involved in market economic activities to fulfill their needs. Their ability to obtain money, as a means of payment for their daily needs, however, is still limited.This study is emphasized at the effort of Talang Mamak ethnic group communities in adapting themselves actively with market economic activities the influence of which is more and more increasing by taking into account the way they manage resources, the take-over of cultural value and social institution supporting application of developed technology. Then this study uses qualitative approach with involvement observation amidst the community. Whereas its information and data collecting technique is through field observation and in depth interview, supported by secondary data obtained from books, papers on the relevant community.Conclusion obtained from this study, is the re-inhabitation of the Talang Mamak ethnic group community bringing such a move in their life i.e. from traditional economic life pattern to become money economic life pattern, as a result of interaction with outside world for example, they used to hunt to be directly consumed but now they hunt to obtain money in order to buy some "modern" needs. To survive their life, it seems that there is no other choice except to increase intensity or resource management, because indeed they do not have many choices of strategy. Even, they often neglect Ecological Wisdom currently becomes such guidance in managing resources and environment Meanwhile the take-over of cultural values and social institution supporting continuously developed technology has not run adequately well. As a result, they face such challenges not easily overcome, except by enhancing education especially for their young generation in order that they be capable of taking part in national development profitably."

"Fokus permalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah mempelajari dan menganalisis proses pembangunan sosial bagi masyarakat adat Orang Rimba dan mengnalisis dampak kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi yang berorientasi pada pertumbuhan, terhadap proses marjinalisasi kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan lingkungan masyarakat adat Orang Rimba. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengkajian terhadap model dan strategi pembangunan yang telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah terhadap komunitas adat orang Rimba. Kemudian menjelaskan berbagai dampak pembangunan yang telah diterapkan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan disain analisa kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh informasi tentang karakteristik sosial budaya, ekonomi, demografi, pola kehidupan yang marjinal dan kearifan lokal, serta karakteristik kelompok masyarakat adat Orang Rimba dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas serta permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh komunitas adat Orang Rimba. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pembangunan ekonomi yang mengutamakan "pertumbuhan" yang dilaksanakan pemerintah telah memberikan dampak negatif terjadinya proses marjinalisasi dan kemiskinan secara struktural serta tercerabut jati diri dan identitasnya dari kehidupan sosial dan budaya yang mereka miliki. Proses pembangunan akan menimbulkan suatu perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat adat Orang Rimba, dampak kemiskinan yang mereka alami harus dicarikan solusinya. Berbagai upaya dapat dan harus dilakukan untuk mencegah agar terpaan berbagai faktor pemercepat perubahan (change catalyst) agar tidak berdampak buruk bagi masyarakat orang Rimba salah satunya adalah melalui konsep Pembangunan Sosial yang memiliki tujuan utama meningkatkan kesejahtaraan melalui pelayanan sosial dasar kesehatan, pendidikan dan jaminan sosial. Pendekatan pembangunan sosial yang diterapkan pada masyarakat adat Orang Rimba menggunakan pendekatan berbasis komunitas dengan mengacu pada dua perspektif pengembangan masyarakat yaitu perspektif ekologis dan perspektif keadilan sosial dan HAM.

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This research studies the process of social development for the indigenous Rimban people (Orang Rimba) and analyzes the impacts of development policies oriented to economic growth on the marginalization process of this indigenous people socially, economically, culturally and environmentally.

Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study aims to assess the model and development strategy that has been implemented by the government against the indigenous Rimban people, and explains how this development model and strategy brings about various impacts on this people.

The study obtains not only the information about the characteristics of the social, cultural, economic, demographic and marginal life of Orang Rimba; but also their local wisdoms in utilizing the natural resources in the present area of Bukit Dua Belas National Park and the problems this indigenous community is facing.

This research concludes that development oriented to ?growth? executed by the government has given negative impacts as this fosters marginalization and poverty structurally and thus uproots the indigenous Rimbans from their own social life and culture, causing them to lose their identity. The development process will bring about a social change for the indigenous Rimban people while the impact of poverty they face should look for a solution.

Various efforts can and should be done to prevent the exposure to various factors accelerating the change (change catalyst) so as not leave serious damaging effects on this society. One of which is through the concept of Social Development whose main objective is to improve welfare through basic social services, health, education and social security. This social development approach that is applied to this indigenous people is a community-based approach with reference to two community development perspectives: the ecological perspective and the perspective of social justice and human rights."

"Informasi menduduki peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia karena sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengambilan keputusan di kemudian hari. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi, setiap orang mempunyai perilaku pencarian yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perilaku pencarian informasi masyarakat rimba Makekal Hulu di Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Jambi. Metode yang digunakan penulis dalam makalah ini adalah studi dokumentasi di mana penulis mengumpulkan beberapa hasil penelitian dan teori-teori yang berkaitan dengan perilaku pencarian informasi kemudian menganalis teori mana yang cocok digunakan untuk masyarakat rimba Makekal Hulu Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Jambi. Dari hasil analisis, temyata perilaku pencarian informasi masyarakat rimba Makekal Hulu Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Jambi masih menggunakan pertolongan atau bantuan dari orang lain yang disebut dengan jenang. Setelah mendapatkan informasi barulah masyarakat rimba ini mengolah informasi terse but apakah sesuai dengan kebutuhannya atau tidak. Setelah mendapatkan semua informasi yang dibutuhkan, barulah mereka mengakhiri proses pencarian informasi."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian etnobotani tumbuhan obat belum banyak dikaitkan dengan penelitian mengenai vegetasi hutan sebagai sumber tumbuhan obat. Telah dilakukan penelitian oleh Anas (2013), Rahma (2013), dan Sehati (2013) yang mendata 213 jenis Angiospermae berhabitus pohon (tingkat pohon, belta, dan semai) dari 53familidi zona inti Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD). Data tersebut menjadi bahan studi potensi tumbuhan obat untuk mengetahui manfaat pengobatan spesies tumbuhan dari ketiga penelitian tersebut. Studi dilakukan melalui penelusuran pustaka, wawancara ahli, dan dokumentasi tumbuhan. Delapan puluh tiga jenis merupakan tumbuhan obat yang digunakan berbagai etnis di Indonesia dengan keragaman bagian yang digunakan dan penyakit yang diobati. Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan obat yang paling banyak digunakan. Jenis penyakit yang paling banyak diobati dengan tumbuhan obat adalah gangguan gastrointestinal. Bioaktivitas dari 14 jenis tumbuhan telah diketahui sesuai dengan penggunaan tumbuhan tersebut. Sebanyak 28 jenis berada dalam database IUCN red list dengan 5 jenis berada dalam daftar high risk. Aquilaria malaccensis merupakan satu-satunya jenis yang berada dalam apendiks II CITES.

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ABSTRACTAnalysis about forest vegetation are rarely related to medicinal potency of the plants. There are 213 species of Angiospermae in tree form (tree, belt, and seedling level) from 53 family recorded from Anas’ (2013), Rahma’s (2013), and Sehati’s (2013) researches in the core zone of Bukit Duabelas National Park. This data become the material of analysis about medicinal ethnobotanyto understand about medicinal properties of plant species’ from those three researches. The analysis is done by literature study, interview with ethnobotany researcher, and plant documentation. There are eighty three species used as medicinal plants in several Indonesian tribes and ethnics with high variation in use and disease.Leaves are the most frequently used part of medicinal plants and gastrointestinal disfunctions treatment are the one that use the most medicinal plants. Comparation between ethnobotanical study and bioactivity assay only shows correlation for fourteen species. Known that 28 species are in the IUCN redlist database with 5 species in highrisklist. Aquilaria malaccensis is the only plant included in the appendix II of CITES."

"The Gunung Gede - Pangrango National Park is known as a reserve for protecting plant and animal diversity, and has been listed as a biosphere reserve by The United Nation for Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The Floristic composition in this park is very diverse ranging from lowland and mountain forests to sub-alpine vegetation. The forest in the national park does not always have a closed canopy as gaps have been created by both natural forces such as death of trees or windblows and by human activities. This study was designed to examine: 1) species richness and forest structure at the sapling level; 2) forest regeneration; and 3) potential uses of saplings and seedlings. The study area was located at the forest at Bodogol at the altitude of 800 m above sea level (asl). Saplings were recorded in 25 plots of 10 m x 10 m of each. The study site was located along the hill path. A sapling species inventory was conducted in one-hectare plot, which was divided into 25 subplots of 10 m x 10 m each, where enumeration, measurement of diameter and identification of each sapling were undertaken. Enumeration and identification of shrubs, tree seedlings, herbs and ferns were made in 25 subsubplots of 1 m x 1 m each. The results indicated that the sapling species richness is remarkably high. The numbers of sapling (< 10 cm diameter at breast height) recorded in 25 plots with total area of 2500 m was 1516, which belong to 83 species and 34 families with total basal area of 0.124 m2. The highest density of 356 saplings per hectare were recorded in Rubiaceae, with two leading spesies Urophyllum arboreum and Paederia foetida. Uropyllum arboreum was recorded as the most frequent sapling across 18 subplots of the total 25 subplots. Lithocarpus elegans, Acer niveum, Villebrunea rubescens, Sterculia oblongata, and Cryptocarya tomentosa were recorded as having the highest basal areas. Five species were recorded with biggest Importance Value Indexes (INP); Urophyllum arboreum (INP=23.75%), Paederia foetida (INP=13.10%), Villebrunea rubescens (INP=8.94%), Antidesma sp (INP=8.51%), and Persea excelsa (INP=7.88%). Above ground vegetation showed remarkable high species richness with total count 68 species, belonging to 44 families representing 224 individuals recorded in 25 subsubplots with total area of 25 m2. The highest frequency was recorded in Diospyros frutescens, which recorded in 7 subsubplots. Schismatoglottis calyptrata from Araceae family was recorded as the most prominent species. Twenty five subplots with a total area of 2500 m2 at Bedogol in the national park, 126 species have been identified of having potential uses for traditional medicines, building material, food sources, fire wood, handy craft, and ornamental plants."