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"ABSTRAKThis article is based on a six-month study in North Bali, with the aim of identifying and explaining the opinions of Bali tourism stakeholders for the development of the international airport in North Bali. The research was conducted with quantitative and qualitative approach, through questionnaires and interview. Through the qualitative analysis, it can be concluded several things, as follows: (1) most of the Bali tourism stakeholders are strongly agree that government should build a new international airport in North Bali, by seeing its implication for tourism industry, economy, environment, and social as considerations; (2) most of the tourism stakeholders believe that the airport development can be built within at least five (5) years from now, meanwhile the supporting infrastructure should be put as main priorities; and (3) the tourism stakeholders in Bali strongly believe that development of international airport in North Bali could bring a positive situation, not only for local society, but for Bali itself, Indonesia, and increasing number of connectivity among South East Asian Countries."

"Pariwisata internasional menjelma menjadi salah satu industri terbesar di dunia karena terus mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Melihat potensi tersebut, kini setiap negara berusaha untuk mengembangkan sektor industri pariwisata yang dimilikinya. Kekayaan alam, keragaman seni dan budaya, serta latar belakang sejarah yang panjang merupakan potensi besar sebagai objek dan daya tarik pariwisata Rusia. Namun dalam kenyataannya pariwisata Rusia masih kalah bersaing di industri pariwisata internasional. Diperlukan langkah strategis dari pemerintah Rusia, dalam hal ini Kementrian Kebudayaan Federasi Rusia untuk mengembangkan potensi pariwisata Rusia dan meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara ke Rusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui masalah-masalah yang menyebabkan stagnasi pariwisata Rusia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dan strategi yang akan dilakukan oleh pemerintah Rusia dalam meningkatkan daya saing Rusia di industri pariwisata internasional. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analisis yang bersumber kepada naskah primer dan naskah sekunder terkait topik penelitian.

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International tourism was transformed into one of the largest industries in the world because it continues to experience significant growth. Seeing this potential, each country is now trying to develop its tourism sector. Natural richness, the diversity of art and culture, as well as a long historical background is a great potential as a tourist attraction of Russia. But in reality the Russian tourism still unable to compete in the international tourism industry. Necessary strategic steps from the Russian government, which is Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation to develop the tourism potential of Russia and increase tourist arrivals to Russia. This research aims to determine the causes of the Russian tourism?s stagnation problems in recent years and Russian government?s strategies in increasing Russia's competitiveness in the international tourism industry. This research use a qualitative approach, with descriptive-analytic method that comes to primary and secondary sources related to the topic of research."

"Untuk meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan dan kontribusi sektor pariwisata terhadap pembangunan ekonomi nasional dan daerah, Pemerintah menetapkan Taman Nasional Komodo di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata super prioritas. Kebijakan ini ditengarai mampu meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara ke Taman Nasional Komodo yang terletak di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat, NTT.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji spillover effect peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara (wisman) ke Taman Nasional Komodo terhadap peningkatan kunjungan wisman ke destinasi wisata lain di provinsi NTT serta pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan perekonomian kabupaten-kabupaten lain di provinsi NTT. Dengan menggunakan metode Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) dan Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) pada data 19 Kabupaten/Kota di NTT dalam kurun waktu Tahun 2012-2018, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat spill over effect yang positif dan signifikan dari kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara ke Taman Nasional Komodo terhadap kunjungan wisman ke destinasi wisata di daerah lainnya di NTT. Efek dari peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara juga berasosiasi positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi baik secara lokal maupun terhadap daerah lain di NTT. Lebih lanjut, peningkatan sektor pariwisata tersebut dapat mendorong terjadinya konvergensi pembangunan wilayah di provinsi NTT.

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To increase tourist visits and the contribution of the tourism sector to national and regional economic development, the Government has designated Komodo National Park in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province as one of the super priority tourist destinations. This policy has been proven to be able to increase foreign tourist visits to Komodo National Park, which is in West Manggarai Regency, NTT. This study aims to examine the spill over effect of increasing foreign tourist visits to Komodo National Park on increasing foreign tourist visits to other tourist destinations in NTT province and increasing the economy of other districts in NTT province. By using the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) methods on data from 19 districts/cities in NTT in the period 2012-2018, this study found that there was a positive and significant spill over effect from foreign tourist visits to Komodo National Park. on foreign tourists visiting tourist destinations to other areas in NTT. The effect of increasing foreign tourist arrivals is also positively and significantly associated with economic growth both locally and in other regions in NTT. Furthermore, the increase in the tourism sector can encourage the convergence of regional development in the province of NTT."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi apakah kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara berpengaruh terhadap FDI sektor Pariwisata dan PDB sektor Pariwisata di Indonesia selama periode 2004 – 2020. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengestimasi seberapa besar dan berapa lama dampak penurunan kedatangan wisman akibat pandemi COVID-19 terhadap hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang antara ked-atangan wisman, FDI sektor Pariwisata dan PDB sektor Pariwisata. Dengan menggunakan Granger Causality Test dan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara mempengaruhi FDI sektor Pariwisata dan kemudian FDI sektor Priwisata mempengaruhi PDB sektor Pariwisata. Lebih lanjut, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang, pen-ingkatan 1 persen kedatangan wisman akan meningkatkan FDI Sektor Pariwisata sebesar 0.55 persen. Kemudian, peningkatan 1 persen FDI sektor Pariwisata akan meningkatkan PDB sektor Pariwisata sebesar 0.10 persen. Dalam jangka pendek (analisis bulanan), jika terjadi “guncangan” (shock) peningkatan kedatangan wisman, FDI sektor Pariwisata akan meningkat selama lima bulan berikutnya dan PDB sektor pariwisata akan meningkat selama 2 bulan dan 16 bulan setelah terjadinya kenaikan wisman. Hasil penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa hubungan jangka panjang antara kedatangan wisman, FDI sektor pariwisata dan PDB sektor pariwisata ini akan pulih dalam waktu 38 bulan pasca pan-demi. Ini berarti, pemulihan sektor pariwisata pasca pandemi membutuhkan waktu sekitar tiga tahun jika tidak ada intervensi kebijakan percepatan pemulihan pariwisata.

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This study aims to investigate whether the international tourist arrivals affect Tourism FDI and Tourism GDP of Tourism sector in Indonesia during the period 2004 – 2020. In addition, this study also aims to estimate how much and how long the impact of the decline in international tourist arrivals due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term equilibrium between international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI and Tourism GDP. By using the Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this study found that the international tourist arrivals affect Tourism FDI and Tourism FDI affects Tourism GDP. Furthermore, the results showed that in the long term, the increase of international tourist arrivals by one percent will increase Tourism FDI by 0.55 percent. Then, one percent increase of Tourism FDI will increase Tourism GDP by 0.10 percent. In the short term (monthly analysis), if there is a "shock" in the increase of international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI will increase for the next five months, and Tourism GDP will also increase for 2 months and 16 months after the increase of international tourists. This study also found that the long-term equilibrium between international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI, and Tourism GDP will recover within 38 months after the pandemic COVID-19. This means the tourism sector will need three years to recover after the pandemic ends if there is no policy intervention to accelerate tourism recovery."

"The tourism industry is in a constant state of flux, where trends and attitudes are frequently susceptible to outside influences including factors such as technological and economic change The Business of Tourism by Chris Holloway and Claire Humphreys is the ideal textbook to help you to not only understand these new changes but look at them with a critical eye and predict future trends.This book is the ideal foundation text for students of Tourism Management or Travel and Tourism. The historical context is combined with background theory and research plus up-to-date international case studies. It examines in detail the tourism product, its impacts and the tourist to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the management of this important global industry. The result is a practical and relevant text for any student wishing to work in one of the many diverse sectors of the tourism industry"