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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai aktivitas domestik dan publik yang dilakukan oleh perempuan pada relief candi abad ke-13?15 di Jawa Timur. Permasalahan penelitian adalah pengidentifikasian aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh perempuan pada relief candi abad ke-13?15 Masehi di Jawa Timur. Pada tahap analisis menggunakan klasifikasi untuk membedakan jenis aktivitas perempuan dalam bidang domestik dan publik. Tipe-tipe aktivitas perempuan dibandingkan dengan karya sastra Jawa Kuna untuk melengkapi analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa perempuan pada masa Jawa Kuna khususnya abad ke-13?15 Masehi tidak hanya memperhatikan ranah domestik sebagai kewajibannya di rumah tangga, perempuan juga berperan penting pada ranah publik.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis deals with the domestic and public activity performed by women on the relief of the 13th?15th century temple in East Java. Problems of research is identifying the activities carried out by women in the relief of the 13th?15 A.D. century temple in East Java. At this stage of the analysis using classification methods to distinguish the types of activity of women. The types of activity of women as compared to old Javanese literary work to complete the analysis. The results of this research proves that women in the 13th?15th century not only pay attention to the domestic realm as obligations in the household, but also played an important role in the public sphere."

"Secara global, partisipasi ekonomi perempuan umumnya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Kebijakan berorientasi keluarga, yang terdiri dari kebijakan yang ditujukan kepada orang tua untuk mendukung mereka selama masa melahirkan dan mengasuh anak, diterapkan di banyak negara untuk mengatasi kesenjangan gender dalam partisipasi ekonomi. Namun, beberapa literatur menunjukkan bahwa dampak dari berbagai jenis kebijakan keluarga dalam meningkatkan partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan dapat bervariasi. Studi ini mengkaji berbagai jenis kebijakan keluarga, khususnya hak cuti keluarga dan maslahat keluarga, yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan secara keseluruhan beserta bagian mereka dalam pekerjaan paruh waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pooled OLS dengan rangkaian data yang dikumpulkan dari 30 negara OECD dari tahun 2000 hingga 2018. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator kebijakan berorientasi keluarga meningkatkan tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan, namun pengaruhnya dibatasi pada ambang batas tertentu. Cuti ibu dan cuti ayah menunjukkan hubungan kurva U terbalik yang menunjukkan hubungan positif antara hak cuti keluarga dan partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan. Namun, setelah mencapai minggu optimal, cuti yang diperpanjang akan menurunkan partisipasi perempuan.

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Globally, female’s economic participation is generally lower compared to the male’s. Family-oriented policies, which comprise of policies targeted to parents to support them during childbearing and childrearing period, are implemented in many countries to address the gender gap in economic participation. However, literatures suggest that the effects of different type of the family policies in increasing women’s labour force participation have been varied. This study examines different types of family policies, particularly family leave entitlements and family benefits, that affect women’s overall labour force participation and their share in part time work. This study uses Pooled OLS with data series collected from 30 OECD countries from the year 2000 to 2018. The result of the analysis shows that all indicators of family-oriented policies improve female labour force participation rate, however their effects are bounded at a certain threshold. Maternity and paternity leave showed to have an inverted U-curve relationship, which shows a positive relationship between family leave entitlements and female labour force participation. However, after reaching the optimum weeks, extended leave would decrease women’s participation."

""Social and economic histories of the long eighteenth century have largely ignored women as a class of landowners and improvers. 1700 to 1830 was a period in which the landscape of large swathes of the English Midlands was reshaped--both materially and imaginatively--by parliamentary enclosure and a bundle of other new practices. Outside the Midlands too, local landscapes were remodelled in line with the improving ideals of the era. Yet while we know a great deal about the men who pushed forward schemes for enclosure and sponsored agricultural improvement, far less is known about the role played by female landowners and farmers and their contributions to landscape change.Drawing on examples from across Georgian England, Elite Women and the Agricultural Landscape, 1700-1830 offers a detailed study of elite women's relationships with landed property, specifically as they were mediated through the lens of their estate management and improvement. This highly original book provides an explicitly feminist historical geography of the eighteenth-century English rural landscape. It addresses important questions about propertied women's role in English rural communities and in Georgian society more generally, whilst contributing to wider cultural debates about women's place in the environmental, social and economic history of Britain. It will be of interest to those working in Historical and Cultural Geography, Social, Economic and Cultural History, Women's Studies, Gender Studies and Landscape Studies."--Provided by publisher."

"The acceptance of female leadership in mosques and madrassas is a significant change from much historical practice, signalling the mainstream acceptance of some form of female Islamic authority in many places. This volume investigates the diverse range of female religious leadership present in contemporary Muslim communities in South, East and Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and North America, with chapters discussing its emergence, the limitations placed upon it, and its wider impact, as well as the physical and virtual spaces used by women to establish and consolidate their authority. It will be invaluable as a reference text, as it is the first to bring together analysis of female Islamic leadership in geographically and ideologically-diverse Muslim communities worldwide."

"Jurnal ini mengambil tema keadilan gender yang terfokus pada penempatan perempuan dalam ranah institusi Gereja Katolik. Menyoroti bagaimana perspektif patriarki masih mengakar dalam masyarakat, terlebih dalam institusi agama yang seharusnya menjunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan. Otoritas dan kepentingan politik telah mereduksi kepemilikan tubuh itu sendiri. Penulisan ini merupakan telaah kritis terhadap posisi perempuan dan pelayanan dalam Gereja Katolik. Melihat bagaimana perempuan selalu diposisikan di belakang yang imajiner sebagai suatu dampak dari tradisi dan diskursus yang masih dilanggengkan dalam masyarakat. Melalui pemikiran Luce Irigaray mengenai caress, pemahaman mengenai pelayanan akan dikembalikan kepada aktualisasi tubuh yang berbeda untuk dapat memperlihatkan subjektivitas, terkhusus perempuan sebagai makhluk yang otonom.

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This thesis takes the theme of gender equality that focuses on women 39 s placement in the institutional Catholic Church sphere. Hightlighting how patriarchal perspective are still rooted in society, especially in religious institutions that should uphold the value of humanity. Political authority and interests have reduced the ownership of the body itself. This writing is a critical study of women 39 s position and attendance in Catholic Church. Seeing how the women are always positioned behind the imaginary as an impact of tradition and discourse that is still perpetuated in society. Through Luce Irigaray 39 s thought of caress, the understanding of attendance will be restored to the actualization of different bodies in order to demonstrate subjectivity, especially of women as autonomous beings."