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"Akumulasi lemak berlebih merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang disebut obesitas. Peningkatan lemak ini meningkatkan produksi ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) sehingga terjadinya stress oksidatif. Protein karbonil merupakan produk ROS yang menjadi marker oksidasi seluruh protein. Peningkatan kadar protein karbonil berhubungan dengan berbagai penyakit yang dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup. Salah satu metode menurunkan stress oksidatif adalah dengan melakukan puasa intermiten Uji klinis dengan kelompok kontrol merupakan metode yang digunakan. Sampel penelitian tersimpan dari penelitian sebelumnya dengan subjek yaitu karyawan pria obesitas (IMT ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) berusia 19-59 tahun yang kemudian melalui randomisasi sederhana dibagi menjadi kelompok puasa dan kontrol. Puasa dilakukan selama 8 minggu setiap Senin dan Kamis. Kadar protein karbonil dihitung sebelum dan sesudah puasa dengan spektrofetrometer dan dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 24.0 dengan batas kemaknaan 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh puasa intermiten 5:2 terhadap kadar protein karbonil plasma. Kadar protein karbonil menurun signifikan (p=0,004) pada kelompok puasa, sedangkan meningkat signifikan pada kelompok tidak puasa (p=0,007). Perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,011) ditemukan pada penurunan kadar protein karbonil antara kelompok puasa dan kontrol. Kelompok puasa memiliki kadar protein karbonil yang lebih rendah secara signifikan (p = 0,000) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Puasa intermiten 5:2 yang dilakukan selama 8 minggu menurunkan kadar karbonil plasma pada karyawan pria obesitas secara signifikan

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Excessive fat accumulation is a global health problem called obesity. Fat accumulation makes the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) rise and stimulates oxidative stress. Protein carbonyl is a product of ROS and a marker for whole protein oxidation. Increased levels of protein carbonyl are related to various diseases that influence the quality of life. Intermittent fasting is one method to lower oxidative stress. A randomized controlled clinical trial was used in this study. The sample stored from previous studies with the subject is an obese male employee (IMT ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 19-59 years old then divided into fasting and control groups through simple randomization. Fasting every Monday and Thursday for 8 weeks. Carbonyl protein levels were measured before and after fasting with spectrophotometry and analyzed by SPSS version 24.0 with a significance limit of 5% to determine how intermittent fasting 5:2 effect protein carbonyl levels in plasma. Protein carbonyl levels in the fasting group decreased significantly (p=0.004), while the control group increased significantly (p=0,007) after fasting. Meaningful difference (p = 0.011) was found in decreased protein carbonyl levels between the fasting and control groups after the intervention. Protein carbonyl levels were significantly lower (p=0.000) in the fasting group compared to the control group after intervention. Intermittent fasting 5:2 significantly reduces plasma protein carbonyl levels in male employees with obesity. "

"Obesitas ditandai dengan akumulasi lemak berlebih dan menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Apabila tidak ditangani, stres oksidatif dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup, memicu berbagai penyakit, dan meningkatkan mortalitas. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi stres oksidatif adalah dengan puasa intermiten. Puasa intermiten dapat meningkatkan pertahanan antioksidan, termasuk glutation tereduksi (GSH) sebagai antioksidan endogen sehingga mengurangi radikal bebas dan mencegah stres oksidatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode uji klinis acak dengan kontrol. Subjek penelitian adalah karyawan pria dewasa berusia 19-59 tahun dengan IMT ≥ 25 kg/m2. Subjek terbagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan puasa melalui randomisasi sederhana. Puasa intermiten 5:2 dilakukan setiap hari Senin dan Kamis selama 8 minggu serta tidak diperkenankan makan dan minum selama 14 jam berpuasa. Kadar GSH diukur menggunakan metode Ellman sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada sampel leukosit yang tersimpan dari penelitian sebelumnya oleh Yudhistina K, et al. Pengaruh puasa intermiten 5:2 terhadap kadar GSH dianalisis dengan uji perbandingan rerata Wilcoxon dan Mann-Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Kadar GSH sesudah perlakuan menurun signifikan pada kelompok kontrol (p = 0,01) dengan kadar GSH 0,433 (0,041-2,372) µmol/mL menjadi 1,247 (0,415-2,631) µmol/mL dan kelompok puasa (p < 0,001) dengan kadar GSH 0,604 (0,080-2,976) µmol/mL menjadi 1,874 (0,052-6,937) µmol/mL. Kadar GSH sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok puasa lebih rendah signifikan (p = 0,045) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Selisih perubahan kadar GSH pada kelompok puasa lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,041) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Puasa intermiten 5:2 selama 8 minggu dapat meningkatkan kadar GSH pada pria dewasa dengan obesitas.

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Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation and correlates with oxidative stress, which can reduce quality of life, lead to various diseases, and increase mortality. An alternative way to reduce oxidative stress is intermittent fasting which can increase antioxidant defences, including reduced glutathione (GSH) as an endogenous antioxidant, thereby reducing free radicals and preventing oxidative stress. This study used a randomized controlled clinical trial. The subjects were male employees aged 19-59 years with BMI > 25 kg/m2 divided into control and fasting groups through simple randomization. Intermittent fasting 5:2 was done every Monday and Thursday for 8 weeks and subjects were not allowed to eat or drink during fasting. GSH levels were measured using the Ellman method in leukocytes stored from previous study by Yudhistina K, et al. The effect of intermittent fasting 5:2 on GSH levels was analyzed by the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests with a significance limit of 5%. GSH levels post-intervention decreased significantly both in the control group (p = 0.01) with GSH levels of 0.433 (0.041-2.372) µmol/mL to 1.247 (0.415-2.631) µmol/mL and the fasting group (p < 0.001) with GSH levels of 0.604 (0.080-2.976) µmol/mL to 1.874 (0.052-6.937) µmol/mL. GSH levels post-intervention in the fasting group were significantly lower (p = 0.045) than in the control group. The changes in GSH levels in the fasting group was significantly higher (p = 0.041) than in the control group. Intermittent fasting 5:2 for 8 weeks can increase GSH levels in adult males with obesity."

"Obesitas adalah faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit seperti diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Akumulasi lemak stimulasi proses peroksidasi lipid yang menghasilkan malondialdehida (MDA) dan mengurangi antioksidan endogen seperti katalase dalam tubuh. Puasa intermiten merupakan cara alternatif untuk menurunkan radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek puasa intermiten terhadap status stres oksidatif pada karyawan dengan obesitas di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji klinis acak dengan kontrol. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pria berusia 19-59 tahun dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) ≥25 kg/m2 yang terbagi menjadi kelompok puasa dan kontrol melalui randomisasi sederhana. Puasa intermiten 5:2 dilakukan selama 8 minggu setiap hari Senin dan Kamis, tidak diperkenankan untuk makan dan minum selama 14 jam. Sebelum intervensi, kedua kelompok diberikan edukasi diet seimbang. Kadar MDA dan katalase dianalisis dengan spectofotometer. Asupan makan dinilai dengan 2x24 hr food recall dan food record. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar MDA setelah intervensi pada kelompok puasa berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p=0,02). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar katalase pada kelompok puasa dan kontrol (p>0,05). Puasa intermiten 5:2 selama 8 minggu dapat menurunkan kadar MDA pada karyawan dengan obesitas di Jakarta

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Obesity is a major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases. Fat accumulation stimulates the lipid peroxidation process, which produces malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduces endogenous antioxidants such as catalase. Intermittent fasting is an alternative way to reduce free radicals in the body. This study aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting 5:2 on MDA and catalase levels in obese employees in Jakarta. This study's subject was men aged 19-59 years with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, who were divided into fasting and control groups through simple randomization. Intermittent fasting 5:2 was performed for eight weeks, done every Monday and Thursday, and not allowed to eat and drink during 14 hours of fasting. Before the intervention, both groups were given nutrition education on a balanced diet. Food intake was assessed by the 2x24 h food recall and food recall method. MDA and catalase levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. There was a significant difference (p<0,001) in pre-post intervention MDA and catalase levels within the fasting and control groups. MDA post-intervention levels in the fasting group were significantly different compared to the control group (p=0,02). Intermittent fasting 5:2 for eight weeks can reduce MDA levels in obese employees in Jakarta."

"Latar belakang: Obesitas di dunia terus meningkat seiring perkembangan zaman. Pada tahun 2016, sebanyak 650 juta atau 13% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun di dunia mengalami obesitas. Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 21,8% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia mengalami obesitas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan obesitas terus meningkat dan menjadi permasalahan kesehatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas pada penduduk usia ≥18 tahun di perkotaan. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder IFLS-5 dengan total sampel 16.973 responden. Uji Chi Square digunakan untuk melihat hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, perilaku merokok, konsumsi buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian obesitas. Hasil: Prevalensi obesitas pada penduduk usia ≥ 18 tahun di perkotaan berdasarkan data IFLS-5 adalah sebanyak 36,9%. Terdapat hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, perilaku merokok, konsumsi buah dan sayur, dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian obesitas. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian obesitas diantaranya usia dengan OR 1,405 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 1,312 – 1,504), jenis kelamin dengan OR 1,961 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 1,839 – 2,090), perilaku merokok dengan OR 0,490 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 0,458 – 0,525), konsumsi buah dan sayur dengan OR 0,779 (P = 0,001; 95% CI 0,732 – 0,891), dan kualitas tidur dengan OR 0,893 (P = 0,015; 95% CI 0,815 – 0,930). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas dengan nilai p = 0,708. Adapun saran yang diberikan membuat program pencegahan dan penanggulangan obesitas khususnya untuk kelompok berisiko yaitu perempuan berusia lebih dari 45 tahun. Peneliti lain dapat menambahkan variabel yang tidak ada di penelitian ini seperti konsumsi gula, garam, lemak, pola makan, genetik, etnis, pendidikan, dan konsumsi alkohol.

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Background: Obesity in the world continues to increase along with the times. In 2016, as many as 650 million or 13% of the population aged ≥18 years in the world were obese. In 2018, 21.8% of the population aged ≥18 years in Indonesia were obese. This shows that the problem of obesity continues to increase and become a health problem. Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors associated with obesity in residents aged ≥18 years in urban areas. Method: The method used in this study was cross sectional with quantitative methods using IFLS-5 secondary data with a total sample of 16,973 respondents. The Chi Square test was used to see the relationship between age, gender, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and sleep quality with the incidence of obesity. Results: The prevalence of obesity in residents aged ≥ 18 years in urban areas based on IFLS-5 data is 36.9%. There is a relationship between age, gender, smoking behavior, fruit and vegetable consumption, and sleep quality with the incidence of obesity. Conclusion: There is a relationship between risk factors for the incidence of obesity including age with a OR of 1.405 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 1.312 – 1.504), gender with a OR of 1.961 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 1.839 – 2.090), smoking behavior with a OR of 0.490 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 0.458 – 0.525), fruit and vegetable consumption with OR 0.779 (P = 0.001; 95% CI 0.732 – 0.891), and sleep quality with OR 0.893 (P = 0.015; 95% CI 0.815 – 0.930 ). No significant relationship was found between physical activity and obesity with a value of p = 0.708. The advice given is to make obesity prevention and control programs especially for risk groups, namely women aged over 45 years. Other researchers can add variables that are not in this study such as consumption of sugar, salt, fat, diet, genetics, ethnicity, education, and alcohol consumption."

"Angka prevalensi obesitas diberbagai negara menunjukkan adanya kenaikan, begitu pun dengan Indonesia. Asupan gizi makro dan serat merupakan salah satu faktor risiko obesitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi makro dan serat dengan kejadian obesitas penduduk usia >18 tahun di Provinsi Sumatra Barat, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas di Sumatra Barat dan Jawa Barat sebesar 12.3%, Jawa Tengah 9.6%, dan Sulawesi Selatan 11.4%. Di Sumatra Barat, asupan lemak berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas. Di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah, asupan energi, protein, dan lemak berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas. Di Sulawesi Selatan, asupan energi, lemak, dan serat berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas.

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Prevalence of obesity in various countries showed a rise, so too with Indonesia. One of the factors that related to obesity was macronutrients and fiber intake.The aim of this study was to evaluate macronutrient and fiber in relation to obesity among adult people (aged 18 years and above). The research design was used cross sectional design. The prevalence of obesity in West Sumatra & West Java were 12.3%, in Central Java was 9.6%, and 11.4% in South Sulawesi. In West Sumatra, fat intake associated with obesity. In West Java and Central Java, energy, protein, and fat intake were associated with obesity. In South Sulawesi, energy, fat, and fiber intake were associated with obesity."

"Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara yang menghadapi tiga permasalahan gizi sekaligus, yaitu stunting, wasting, dan overweight. Obesitas sentral atau yang disebut obesitas tipe apel merupakan disebabkan oleh penumpukkan lemak dalam tubuh dalam jumlah berlebih di bagian perut. Obesitas sentral diamati sebagai jenis obesitas yang merugikan dengan implikasi serius dan pemicu penyakit degeneratif. Provinsi Sulawesi Utara merupakan daerah dengan prevalensi obesitas sentral tertinggi berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018 yaitu sebesar 42,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas sentral pada penduduk usia ≥45 Tahun di Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2019 dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis bivariat didapatkan pada laki-laki konsumsi alkohol (p-value = 0,015) memiliki hubungan secara statistik dengan kejadian obesitas sentral. Sedangkan pada perempuan aktivitas fisik (p-value = 0,045), konsumsi minuman manis (p-value = 0,036), konsumsi makanan berlemak (p-value = 0,023), dan konsumsi bumbu penyedap (p-value = 0,020) memiliki hubungan secara statistik dengan kejadian obesitas sentral. Peneliti menyarankan untuk dinas kesehatan dapat bekerja sama dengan berbagai pihak seperti organisasi masyarakat dan institusi keagamaan dalam memberikan edukasi terkait bahaya obesitas sentrak, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, dampak yang disebabkan dan bagaimana cara mengatasinya.

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Indonesia is one of the countries that faces three nutritional problems at once, namely stunting, wasting and overweight. Central obesity or what is called apple-type obesity is caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body in the abdomen. Central obesity is observed as a detrimental type of obesity with serious implications and triggers degenerative diseases. North Sulawesi Province is the area with the highest prevalence of central obesity based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, namely 42.5%. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of central obesity in people aged ≥45 years in Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. This study uses secondary data from the 2019 Riskesdas with a cross-sectional research design. The results of the study using bivariate analysis found that male alcohol consumption (p-value = 0.015) had a statistical relationship with the incidence of central obesity. Whereas in women physical activity (p-value = 0.045), consumption of sweet drinks (p-value = 0.036), consumption of fatty foods (p-value = 0.023), and consumption of seasonings (p-value = 0.020) have a statistical relationship with central obesity. Researchers suggest that the health office can work together with various parties such as community organizations and religious institutions in providing education regarding the dangers of central obesity, the factors that influence it, the impact it causes and how to overcome it."

"Tujuan: Menentukan hubungan pengetahuan dan status gizi di kalangan tahun pra-klinis mahasiswa kedokteran dan hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dan tahun ajaran. Metode: Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dilakukan antara Mei 2012 hingga Juni 2012 di Kampus Salemba, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan siswa tahun pra-klinis kelas Internasional Fakultas Kedokteran. Untuk mengukur pengetahuan siswa penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari pengetahuan medis dasar nutrisi dan cara untuk mengatasi atau mencegah data overnutrition.The penelitian ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan komputer dengan SPSS 18 program. Tes yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah uji nonparametrik untuk perbandingan kelompok yaitu Chi-square test. Tes lain yang juga digunakan adalah spearman dan uji D Somer itu. Terlebih dahulu data diuji menggunakan KS dan uji shapirowilk untuk homogenitas data. Hasil: Ada hubungan yang lemah tingkat pengetahuan dengan kategori BMI (p = 0,059). BMI cenderung meningkat ketika tingkat pengetahuan cenderung meningkat tapi hampir tidak ada kecenderungan BMI baik untuk meningkatkan atau menurun ketika tingkat pengetahuan meningkat (p = 0,109). Ada hubungan yang sangat lemah tahun batch dengan BMI kategori (p = 0,198). BMI cenderung meningkat saat tahun bets cenderung meningkat. Tapi hampir tidak ada kecenderungan BMI untuk baik kenaikan atau penurunan setiap tahun batch (p = 0,201). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan tubuh kategori indeks massa pada siswa sekolah kedokteran dan juga tidak ada hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dan tahun batch.

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Aims: Determining the relationship of knowledge and nutrition status among pre-clinical years medical student and relationship between body mass index and batch year.

Methods: The data was collected using a questionnaire that was done between May 2012 to June 2012 at Salemba Campus, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. The sample from this study is using the pre-clinical years International class students of the Faculty of Medicine. To measure the knowledge of the students this research used questionnaire which comprised of basic medical knowledge of nutrition and ways to overcome or prevent overnutrition.The data of this study will be analyzed using computer with SPSS 18 program. The test used to analyse the data is nonparametric test for group comparison, which is Chi-square test. Another test that also used are spearman test and Somer's D test. Beforehand the data is tested using KS and shapirowilk test for homogeneity of the data.

Results: There's a weak relation of knowledge level with BMI category (p=0,059). BMI tend to increase when knowledge level tend to increase but almost no tendency for BMI to either increase or decrease when knowledge level is increased (p=0,109). There's a very weak relation of batch year with BMI category (p=0,198). BMI tend to increase when batch year tend to increase. But almost no tendency for BMI to either increase or decrease in every batch year (p=0,201).

Conclusion: There's no relation between knowledge level and body mass index category in medical school student and also there is no relation between body mass index and batch year."

"Asupan makanan berlebih dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik adalah dua faktor risiko obesitas pada remaja. Kurangnya pemahaman akan hubungan antarfaktor risiko ini membuat obesitas remaja sulit ditangani dan cenderung berlanjut ke usia dewasa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik (physical activity level/PAL) dengan asupan energi dan makronutrien. Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu fakultas kedokteran di Jakarta dalam periode Juni 2011-Juni 2013, dengan metode total sampling pada populasi mahasiswa berusia 15-18 tahun. Data asupan energi dan makronutrien dari sampel yang terdiri atas laki-laki (n=30) dan perempuan (n=43), dinilai menggunakan Food-Frequency Questionnaire semikuantitatif, sedangkan PAL dengan Bouchard three-days physical activity record. Dengan uji one-way anova, terdapat hubungan antara PAL dengan asupan energi dan lemak (p=0,025 dan 0,019), sedangkan asupan karbohidrat dan protein sebaliknya. Dengan analisis post-hoc LSD, perbedaan bermakna terdapat pada PAL sedang dan tinggi (asupan energi p=0,007; lemak p=0,005), sedangkan rata-rata asupan energi dan makronutrien tetap tinggi pada PAL rendah. Disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan keluaran energi total akan meningkatkan asupan energi, sedangkan PAL rendah tidak akan mengubah kebutuhan energi individual.

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Excessive nutrient intake and low physical activity are two obesity risk factors in adolescent. Lack of understanding in relationship amongst these risk factors has made adolescent obesity become health problems and tends to progress into adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity level (PAL) with energy and macronutrient intake. Study was held in one of medical school in Jakarta from June 2011-June 2013, with total sampling on medical students aged 15-18. Energy and macronutrient intake from boys (n=30) and girls (n=43) were assessed using semiquantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire, while PALs were assessed using Bouchard-three days physical activity record. One-way anova analysis showed significant relationship of PAL toward energy and fat intake (p=0,025 and 0,019), and none of carbohydrate and protein intake. The post-hoc LSD analysis revealed the significant mean difference were found in subjects classified as high and moderate PAL (for energy intake p=0,007; fat intake p=0,005). Meanwhile, energy and all macronutrients intake were found to be persistently high in subject with low PAL. In conclusion, increase in total energy expenditure will subsequently induce increase in energy intake, but low PAL did not change the individual energy requirement."

"Prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan yang bermakna dari tahun ke tahun, termasuk di dalamnya prevalensi obesitas sentral yang dapat diukur melalui lingkar pinggang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara asupan energi total, asupan lemak, dan lingkar pinggang dengan kadar HbA1c pada obesitas. Penelitian dilakukan di kantor Balai Kota DKI Jakarta dari akhir bulan November sampai Desember 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling, didapatkan 47 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Karakteristik subyek yang diambil adalah usia, jenis kelamin dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Variabel data yang diteliti adalah asupan energi total, asupan lemak, lingkar pinggang, dan kadar HbA1c. Hasil penelitian didapatkan subyek terbanyak berusia antara 36-50 tahun (93,6%), sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 27 subyek (57,4%), dan sebanyak 35 subyek (74,5%) termasuk kategori obes I, karena sebagian besar subyek berada pada rentang usia 36 sampai 50 tahun, maka selanjutnya analisis data dan pembahasan dilakukan pada 44 subyek dengan rentang usia tersebut. Asupan energi total 32 subyek (72,7%) dibawah AKG (˂ 70% AKG). Median (min-maks) asupan energi total adalah sebesar 1225,8(766,0-4680) kkal. Sebagian besar subyek penelitian mengonsumsi lemak lebih dari persentase KET yang dianjurkan yaitu sebanyak 42 orang subyek (95,5%). Seluruh subyek laki-laki dan sebagian besar subyek perempuan (84%) memiliki LP lebih. Rerata kadar HbA1c pada subyek laki-laki adalah 6,3±0,2% dan perempuan 6,3±0,3%, dan hampir sebagian besar (68,2%) memiliki kadar HbA1c berisiko tinggi. Terdapat korelasi negatif tidak bermakna antara asupan energi total dengan kadar HbA1c pada subyek laki-laki (r=-0,15, p=0,536) dan korelasi positif tidak bermakna pada subyek perempuan (r=0,28, p=0,898). Korelasi negatif tidak bermakna dijumpai antara asupan lemak dengan kadar HbA1c pada seluruh subyek (r=-0,06, p=0,687). Korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara lingkar pinggang dengan kadar HbA1c terdapat pada seluruh subyek (r=0,18, p=0,236).

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The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is increasing and also the prevalence of central obesity which can be measured by waist circumference. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between total energy intake, fat intake, and waist circumference with HbA1c levels in obes subject. Data collection was conducted during November to December 2013 in the institution of Balaikota DKI Jakarta. The subjects was obtained by consecutive sampling, and 47 subjects who meet study criteria were enrolled in this study. The data collection were characteristics of the subjects including age, gender and body mass index (BMI), as well as total energy intake, fat intake, waist circumference, and HbA1c levels.

The results showed the highest age between 36-50 years (93.6%), majority of the subjects were female (57.4%), and catagorized as obese I (74.5%). Because most of the subjects were in the range of age 36 to 50 years, the data analysis and discussion conducted on 44 subjects. Most of the subject had total energy intake under RDI requirements, i.e., 13 people (68.4 %) of male and 19 subjects (76%) of female subjects. Most of the subjects (42 subjects, 95.5%) had fat intake over recommended percentage of total energy requirement. All of the male and most of female subjects (84%) have waist circumference greater than the normal criteria. Mean of HbA1c levels were 6.3±0.2%, for male subjects and almost the same levels for female subjects, while 68.2% of the subjects were categorized as high risk. The were no significant negative correlation between total energy intake and HbA1c levels in male subjects (r =-0.15, p=0,536) and no significant in female subjects (r=0.28, p=0.898). There were no significant negative correlation between fat intake and HbA1c levels in all subjects (r=-0.06, p=0.687), while non significant positive correlation between waist circumference and HbA1c levels were found in all subjects (r=0.18, p=0.236)."

"[Latar belakang: Konsumsi MRDPG meningkat secara paralel dengan peningkatan prevalens obesitas di seluruh dunia sehingga diduga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko obesitas yang bermakna. Data di Indonesia terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG dan hubungannya dengan obesitas pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap I (studi potong lintang) didesain untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG (total sampling). Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada Tahap II (studi kasus kontrol) secara purposive sampling (subjek obes dan gizi baik) dengan matching (usia dan jenis kelamin). MRDPG yang diteliti adalah soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, teh manis, dan kopi instan/siap saji. Konsumsi MRDPG dinilai dengan semi kuantitatif FFQ yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan antropometri dilakukan dengan cara standar sesuai protokol. Risiko obes karena konsumsi MRDPG dianalisis dengan conditional logistic regression bersama dengan faktor perancu. Hasil: Sebanyak 421 dan 182 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian tahap I dan II. Proporsi subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG adalah 92,2% dan 63,9% di antaranya mengonsumsi 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari. Konsumsi MRDPG pada anak lelaki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan (P<0,001). Rerata konsumsi MRDPG berdasarkan volume, kalori, dan gula tambahan adalah 348 ml, 117 kkal, dan 26,6 gram per hari (≈ 5 sdt gula pasir setiap hari). Kontribusi kalori terbesar adalah teh manis dan yang terkecil soda. Subjek mengonsumsi MRDPG di antara 2 waktu makan dan di semua tempat. Setelah mengontrol faktor perancu, subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari memiliki risiko obes sebesar 2,54 kali (RO 2,54; IK 95% 1,07-6,05; P=0,03). Risiko tersebut bertambah sebesar 45% untuk setiap konsumsi 1 porsi (RO 1,45; IK 95% 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 porsi=240 ml). Teh manis dan kopi instan/siap saji menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas. Simpulan: Pola konsumsi MRDPG pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun mengkhawatirkan. Semakin sering seorang anak mengonsumsi MRDPG, semakin besar kemungkinannya menjadi obes;Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese., Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese.]"