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"Telekonsultasi FKTP adalah salah satu kebijakan yang dikeluarkan BPJS Kesehatan dalam bentuk Surat Edaran dan Peraturan Direksi. Defenisi yang digunakan Peneliti dalam Telekonsultasi ini adalah Pelayanan Kontak Tidak Langsung yang merupakan pemberian pelayanan kesehatan melalui sistem informasi yang digunakan oleh FKTP dan Peserta sebagai sarana komunikasi, atau melalui sistem informasi yang disediakan oleh BPJS Kesehatan, sebagai sarana komunikasi/konsultasi secara 2 arah. Terkait obat yang diatur khusus hanya untuk obat PRB, sedangkan untuk obat non PRB, sesuai ketentuan masuk dalam komponen Kapitasi yang dibayarkan ke FKTP dan obat pasien isoman COVID-19 sesuai yang diatur Kemenkes/Dinas Kesehatan setempat. Kebijakan ini mulai dilaksanakan sejak April 2020 dan hingga Agustus 2021, pencapaian secara Nasional masih belum optimal, hanya beberapa kabupaten/kota yang menunjukkan pencapaian lebih baik dibandingkan yang lain nya, salah satu nya adalah pencapaian tertinggi di FKTP Kota Malang, baik persentase FKTP yang mengImplementasikan nya maupun persentase dan nominal pasien yang telah memanfaatkan Telekonsultasi dari FKTP terdaftar nya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Implementasi kebijakan Telekonsultasi FKTP dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19 tanpa pasien kehilangan hak nya untuk dapat akses ke layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dilakukan selama bulan Oktober 2021 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2021 di FKTP Kota Malang, BPJS Kesehatan Cabang Malang dan Kantor Pusat. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui FGD dan Wawancara Mendalam kepada Informan utama dan telaah dokumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan model Implementasi Kebijakan Van Meter dan Van Horn. Hasil penelitian di bulan November 2021 diperoleh bahwa capaian Angka Kontak KBK baru tercapai 135/mill dari target minimal 150/mill, Angka Kontak Tidak Langsung untuk indikator kepatuhan faskes pada kualitas mutu baru tercapai dengan bobot 15% dari target 20%, 100% FKTP Kota Malang telah Implementasi Telekonsultasi, dan pemanfaatan oleh pasien perlahan meningkat sampai dengan 33.66% serta terjadi trend peningkatan FKTP kerjasama. Pada penelitian ini, Peneliti menyarankan untuk pelatihan petugas FKTP dilakukan secara periodik dan berkesinambungan, dimulai dengan melakukan Telekonsultasi pada Peserta Prolanis, supervisi langsung dijadikan kegiatan rutin dan dukungan politik melalui Dinas Kesehatan kepada Pemerintah Kota Malang untuk dapat memperbanyak hotspot-hotspot gratis yang dapat diakses oleh warga, sehingga masyarakat dapat lebih optimal memanfaatkan pelayanan Telekonsultasi.

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Teleconsultation FKTP is one of the policies issued by BPJS Health in the form of Circulars and Directors' Regulations. The definition used by the researcher in this teleconsultation is the Indirect Contact Service, which is the provision of health services through the information system used by the FKTP and Participants as a means of communication, or through the information system provided by BPJS Kesehatan, as a means of two-way communication/consultation. Regarding drugs that are specifically regulated only for DRR drugs, while for non-DRR drugs, according to the provisions, they are included in the Capitation component paid to FKTP and drugs for COVID-19 isoman patients as regulated by the Ministry of Health / local Health Office. This policy has been implemented since April 2020 and until August 2021, national achievements are still not optimal, only a few districts/cities show better achievements than others, one of which is the highest achievement in Malang City FKTP, both the percentage of FKTP implementing as well as the percentage and nominal of patients who have used teleconsultation from their registered FKTP. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the FKTP teleconsultation policy in preventing the spread of COVID19 without patients losing their right to access health services. This study uses a qualitative method, conducted during October 2021 to December 2021 at FKTP Malang City, BPJS Kesehatan Malang Branch and Head Office. Data collection techniques through FGD and in-depth interviews with key informants and document review. This research uses the Van Meter and Van Horn Policy Implementation model approach. The results of the research in November 2021 showed that the achievement of the KBK Contact Number had only been achieved at 135/mill from the minimum target of 150/mill, the Indirect Contact Number for the health facility compliance indicator on quality had only been achieved with a weight of 15% of the 20% target, 100% of City FKTP Malang has implemented teleconsultation, and patient utilization is slowly increasing up to 33.66% and there is an increasing trend of collaborative FKTP. In this study, the researcher suggests that the training of FKTP officers be carried out periodically and continuously, starting with teleconsultation to Prolanis participants, direct supervision as a routine activity and political support through the Health Office to the Malang City Government to be able to increase free hotspots that can be accessed by the public. residents, so that the community can more optimally take advantage of teleconsultation services."

"Pelayanan fisioterapi sebagaimana diatur dalam Permenkes Nomor 65 tahun 2015 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Fisioterapi mencakup penyelenggaraan pelayanan, manajemen pelayanan, dan sumber daya. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat implementasi kebijakan pelayanan fisioterapi selama masa pandemi COVID-19 di RSUP Persahabatan tahun 2020-2021 dengan mengadopsi teori implementasi kebijakan Edward III. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupa wawancara dengan teknik FGD maupun in-depth interview, dimulai dari tenaga Fisioterapis, Bidang Pelayanan Medik RSUP Persahabatan, hingga Bidang IV – Standarisasi Pelayanan PP PERFI disertai telaah dokumen dari berbagai sumber. Hasil dari penelitian ini, baik komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi memiliki keterkaitan kuat satu sama lain sehingga berpengaruh pada kinerja implementasi kebijakan berupa jumlah kunjungan pasien dan ketercapaian indikator mutu. Komunikasi menjadi faktor utama dalam penelitian ini yang dilakukan dengan berbagai cara dan media sehingga menjadi sebuah komitmen agar terbentuknya kolaborasi antar SDM dan lintas sektor sesuai kebijakan yang berlaku. Saran yang direkomendasikan, yaitu untuk semakin meningkatkan kualitas pemberian layanan fisioterapi yang dititikberatkan pada penambahan SDM sebagai faktor penentu keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan. Diperlukan dukungan berupa peraturan atau regulasi turunan yang lebih spesifik, alur birokrasi secara jelas agar koordinasi dan peran andil antara PERFI dengan rumah sakit khususnya di tingkat manajemen, serta tenaga Fisioterapis yang juga memerlukan pemahaman tentang manajerial fisioterapi.

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Physical therapy services as regulated in the Minister of Health Regulation Number 65 of 2015 concerning Physical Therapy Service Standards including service delivery, service management, and resources. This study aims to look at the implementation of physical therapy service policies during the COVID-19 pandemic at RSUP Persahabatan in 2020-2021 with Edward III’s policy implementation to analyze. This qualitative research method used interviews with FGD techniques, and in-depth interviews, starting with physical therapists and the Medical Services Division of RSUP Persahabatan, until Standardization Services of PP PERFI Division accompanied by studies from various sources. The results of this study, show both communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure have a strong-relations with each other, which affects the performance of policy implementation in the form of the number of patient visits, and the achievement of quality indicators. Communication is the main factor in this research which is carried out in various ways and media to become a commitment to the formation of collaboration between human resources and across sectors according to applicable policies. The recommended suggestion is to improve further the quality of physical therapy service delivery, which focuses on increasing physical therapists as a determining factor for the success of policy implementation. Support is needed in the form of more specific derivative regulations, a clearly bureaucratic flow of the coordination and role of participation between PERFI and RSUP Persahabatan, especially at the management level, as well as physical therapists who also need an understanding of managerial physical therapy."

"The spread of COVID-19 brings holistic and tough impacts to legal institutions. As the Roman proverb goes, necessity knows no law. This public health hazard has quickly developed into a state of emergency and an exception which must be admitted when discussing legal order, due to the disease’s strikingly rapid transmission and high fatality rate. To handle the lingering state of emergency caused by the pandemic in 2020, many states have either set up or altered their legal and procedural supervision mechanisms. This paper firstly examines the theoretical origins, developments, transformations and practices of the legal infrastructures with regard to state of emergency in the US and Taiwan. Based on such background, we further analyze the emergent preventive measures for COVID-19 in the two states, testing if their emergency legal systems are able to curb the pandemic while abiding by their constitutional principles. Our research shows that compared with Taiwan’s disease control model, the US federalism equips the federal and state governments with better legal frameworks to establish emergency safety nets. Despite this, the Trump administration failed to timely invoke the constitution-assigned presidential emergency order, engendering policy swings and incoordination between the federal and state authorities. The lack of coherence in the US leadership eventually led to the failure of the country’s pandemic governance. On the other hand, our comparative study indicates that in both nations’ approaches to inhibit COVID-19, the Presidential emergency power (decree) embedded in the Constitutions is replaced by the emergency legislation. The lawmaking-dependent inclination marked by the integration of laws for managing disasters and threats to public health not only highlights the decline of presidential emergency powers granted by constitutional laws, but also brings profound challenges to judicial review which aims to ensure human rights."

"COVID-19 adalah varian pneumonia baru yang memiliki kemampuan penyebaran yang sangat cepat. Dampak yang dihasilkan akibat penyebaran virus ini dihadapi di seluruh bagian di dunia. Salah satunya adalah perubahan perilaku dimana kegiatan tatap muka diadakan secara daring, yang berimbas pada peningkatan penggunaan internet dan ruang siber yang disertai dengan peningkatan ancaman kejahatan siber. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ancaman kejahatan siber yang terjadi selama masa pandemic COVID-19, serta peran pemerintah dalam mengidentifikasi dan memitigasinya. Data mengenai kejahatan siber dan peristiwa penting yang digunakan merupakan data pada bulan Februari hingga April 2020 dan didapatkan dari berbagai sumber terbuka. Analisa linimasa digunakan terhadap data kejahatan siber dan peristiwa penting sebelum dilakukan analisa terhadap tingkat ancamannya. Kejahatan siber yang terjadi selama masa pandemic dapat dikategorikan ke dalam 4 (empat) agen ancaman yaitu malware, penipuan online, Zoombombing, dan Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS). Malware menjadi mayoritas agen ancaman dengan tingkat ancaman ‘kritis’, sementara penipuan online dan DDoS termasuk dalam kategori tingkat ancaman ‘tinggi’ dan zoombombing termasuk dalam kategori tingkat ancaman ‘dapat diabaikan’. Lembaga pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab dalam melakukan deteksi dan mitigasi ancaman kejahatan siber adalah Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara, Badan Intelijen Negara, serta Kepolisian Repiblik Indonesia.

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COVID-19, a new variant of pneumonia had the ability to spread rapidly. The resulting impact of the rapid spread of the virus can be seen in all parts of the world. One of them is the change of behavior where face-to-face activities are now held online, which has an impact on the increase of internet usage, also the increase of cybercrime threats. This research aims to determine the level of threat of cybercrime that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the role of the Indonesian government in identifying and mitigating it. Data on cybercrime and key events used is data from February through April of 2020, obtained from various open sources. Timeline analysis is used on cybercrime and key events data to help make identifying cybercrime easier before a threat analysis is performed. Cybercrimes that occur during time of research can be categorized into 4 (four) threat agents; malware, online fraud, Zoombombing, and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS). Malware becomes the majority of threat agent, and after the threat analysis is performed, belongs to ‘critical’ level, while online fraud and DDoS fall into the ‘high’ level and zoombombing falls into ‘negligible’ level. Government agencies responsible for detecting and mitigating cyber crime threats are the National Cyber and Crypto Agency, State Intelligence Agency, and Indonesian National Police."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran terkait peran self-compassion terhadap regulasi emosi pada dewasa muda dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan 138 partisipan dengan kriteria berusia 18-40 tahun dan berdomisili di Indonesia. Pengukuran regulasi emosi menggunakan alat ukur Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) (Gross dan John, 2003) dan pengukuran self-compassion menggunakan alat ukur Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003b). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan self-compassion secara umum ditemukan dapat memprediksi regulasi emosi secara signifikan (F(1,136) = 5.776, p < 0.05, R² = 0.041). Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi self-compassion yang dimiliki individu, akan semakin tinggi pula kemungkinan individu tersebut memiliki kemampuan regulasi emosi yang baik.

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This study was conducted to describe the role of self-compassion on emotion regulation in young adults in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. This study is a quantitative study involving 138 participants with criteria aged 18-40 years and domiciled in Indonesia. The measurement of emotion regulation uses the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) (Gross and John, 2003) and self-compassion measurement using the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003b). The results of this study indicate that self-compassion is generally found to be able to significantly predict emotion regulation (F(1.136) = 5.776, p < 0.05, R² = 0.041). From these results, it can be concluded that the higher the individual's self-compassion, the higher the possibility that the individual has good emotional regulation abilities."

"Pandemi merupakan wabah suatu penyakit atau virus baru keseluruh dunia dan semua orang belum memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh (immunity) terhadap virus tersebut sehingga menyebabkan banyak yang terkena dampak dan meninggal (WHO, 2010). Kurangnya kesiapan dan kesiapsiagaan dalam hal insiden manajemen sistem Rumah Sakit di Indonesia serta pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan yang berbeda-beda akan protokol Covid-19 dapat membawa risiko dan menjadi kendala bagi keselamatan pasien, tenaga medis, tenaga non-medis dan seluruh masyarakat Indonesia dalam upaya penanggulangan pandemi ini, untuk itu dibutuhkan analisa mengenai kesiapan Rumah Sakit Bhakti Wira Tamtama sebagai salah satu rumah sakit rujukan Covid 19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kesiapan RS dalam menangani kedaruratan pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kesiapan RS pada periode sebelum pandemi Covid-19, sejak bulan Desember tahun 2019 sampai February tahun 2020 berada pada level yang tidak baik dengan nilai dibawah 10%, artinya belum dipersiapkan. Pada saat pandemi bulan Maret sampai Juni tahun 2020 secara keseluruhan berada dibawah 60%, artinya tingkat kesiapan RS berada pada tingkat yang cukup baik dan kepemimpinan tim gerak cepat Covid19 sudah cukup efektif dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 sesuai dengan standard. Hospital Readiness dari WH0 (2020), Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2020) dan Malcolm Baldrige, dan berkat kerjasama yang baik di internal rumah sakit antara Manajemen (Leadership), TGC, petugas kesehatan yang ada dan koordinasi yang baik di internal RS TNI AD serta eksternal rumah sakit, dengan pemerintah pusat dan daerah serta rumah sakit rujukan Covid-19 lainnya, begitupun edukasi yang baik dari rumah sakit terhadap masyarakat sekitar, dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap protokol Covid-19, sehingga menghasilkan suatu keberhasilan pada periode New Norm bulan Juli-Desember tahun 2020, dimana RS telah memiliki tingkat kesiapan yang sangat baik dan kepemimpinan tim gerak cepat Covid-19 sudah sangat efektif dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 dengan nilai rata-rata diatas 90%, sehingga perlu dipertahankan dan di tingkatkan lagi. Berdasarkan data sekunder RS BWT pada Desember 2020, RS sudah menangani pasien Covid-19 sebanyak 302 orang sejak Maret-Desember tahun 2020 dengan CFR 4,4% dan tingkat kesembuhan sekitar 95%.

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Pandemic is an epidemic of a new disease or virus that’s spread over multiple countries or continents and everyone does not have an immune system (immunity) against the virus, causing many to be ill, affected and die (WHO, 2010). Lack of readiness and preparedness in the case of hospital incidents management system in Indonesia as well as different knowledge and understanding of health workers about the Covid-19 protocol could pose risks to the safety of patients, medical personnel, non-medical personnel and all Indonesian people, to overcome this pandemic requires an analysis of the Hospital Readiness of the Bhakti Wira Tamtama as part of Covid-19 referral hospital in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the hospital readiness in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a case study method. The results of this study indicate that the level of hospital readiness in the period before the Covid-19 pandemic, from December 2019 to February 2020, was below than 10%, meaning that it has not been prepared. During the pandemic in March to June 2020 the readiness level was below than 60%, meaning that the hospital readiness level was very good. The leadership of the Covid-19 was quite effective in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic in accordance with the Hospital Readiness standard from WH0 (2020), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2020) and Malcolm Baldrige. However a good cooperation in the internal hospital between Management (Leadership), TGC, health workers and good coordination within the TNI AD Hospital and external hospitals, with the central government and regions and other Covid-19 referral hospitals, as well as good education from the hospital to the surrounding community, and public awareness of the Covid-19 protocol, make a huge impact at New Norm period of July-December 2020, where the hospital has an excellent hospital readiness level in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, so it needs to be maintained. Based on the data from BWT Hospital in December 2020, the hospital has been able to handle 302 Covid-19 patients from March to Desember 2020, with a case fatality rate around (CFR) 4,4% and the cure rate is about 95%."

"Adanya pandemi Covid-19 mengganggu kualitas relasi teman sebaya dengan berkurangnya kesempatan untuk berinteraksi secara langsung. Salah satu faktor yang membantu remaja mengembangkan hubungan pertemanan yang sehat adalah empati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara empati dengan relasi teman sebaya pada remaja di masa pandemi Covid-19. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja berusia 15-18 tahun yang berdomisili di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 651 siswa dari berbagai Sekolah Menengah Atas di kota besar, yaitu Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, dan Makassar. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah The Basic Empathy Scale in Adults (BES-A) untuk mengukur empati dan Adolescence-Reported Scale untuk mengukur relasi teman sebaya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan antara empati dengan relasi teman sebaya pada remaja di masa pandemi Covid-19 (r = .376, p<0,01). Disamping itu, ditemukan pula bahwa remaja perempuan memiliki tingkat empati yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan remaja laki-laki.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the quality of peer relationship by reducing the opportunity to interact directly. One of the factors that help teens develop healthy friendships is empathy. This study aims to see the relationship between empathy and peer relationship in adolescence during pandemic Covid-19. The population in this study are adolescence aged 15-18 years who live in Indonesia. This research is a non-experimental research. Participants in this study were 651 students from various high schools in big cities, namely Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Makassar. The measuring instruments used are The Basic Empathy Scale in Adults (BES-A) to measure empathy and the Adolescence-Reported Scale to measure peer relationship. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between empathy and peer relationship in adolescenc during pandemic Covid-19 (r = .376, p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that female adolescennce had a significantly higher level of empathy than male."

"Pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda dunia, dinyatakan sebagai status kedaruratan bencana wabah di Indonesia. COVID-19 mengganggu layanan imunisasi, hal ini memungkinkan jutaan anak berpotensi terjangkit wabah penyakit seperti difteri, campak, polio dan komplikasinya. Berdasarkan teori Health Belief Model (HBM) dimana persepsi berpengaruh terhadap respon, pandemi COVID-19 diasumsikan dapat mempengaruhi persepsi orang tua dan pola pencarian imunisasi dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif untuk melihat kaitan antara persepsi dan pola pencarian imunisasi dasar oleh orang tua saat pandemi COVID-19 di Kelurahan Bojong Menteng dan Kelurahan Margajaya Kota Bekasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan status ekonomi saat pandemi melatarbelakangi penundaan imunisasi anak, walau bukan menjadi faktor tunggal. Dukungan kader dan petugas kesehatan terhadap imunisasi berperan dalam keputusan untuk mengimunisasi anaknya. Penerapan strategi yang disesuaikan dengan karakter sosial budaya di tiap wilayah menjadi sangat penting. Saran: meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai COVID-19 dan informasi mengenai sistem layanan kesehatan yang aman saat situasi kedaruratan khusus seperti pandemi perlu disampaikan secara utuh untuk memberikan kepercayaan layanan imunisasi yang aman.

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COVID-19 has hit the world, has been declared an emergency status for the outbreak in Indonesia. COVID-19 disrupts immunization services, this allows millions of children to potentially contract outbreaks such as diphtheria, measles, polio and its complications. The theory of the Health Belief Model (HBM) about perception can influences response, the COVID-19 pandemic is assumed to be able to influence parents' perceptions and basic immunization search patterns. This study used a qualitative analysis to see the pattern of basic immunization search for parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bojong Menteng and Margajaya, Kota Bekasi. The results of this study indicate that the economic status during the pandemic is behind the delay in immunization of children, although it is not a single factor. Support of cadres and health workers for immunization plays a role in the decision to immunize their children. The implementation of strategies that are adapted to the socio-cultural characteristics in each region is very important. The implementation of strategies that are adapted to the socio-cultural characteristics in each region is very important. Suggestion: increase public understanding of COVID-19 and information about a safe health service system when special emergencies such as a pandemic need to be conveyed in full to provide confidence in safe immunization services."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kesiapan menghadapi era industri 4.0 berkaitan dengan loyalitas kerja sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 terjadi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 dengan besarnya perubahan tingkat kesiapan menghadapi era industri 4.0 dan besarnya perubahan loyalitas kerja. Hal ini dibutuhkan perusahaan untuk mencari tenaga kerja yang tetap loyal kepada perusahaan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Karena variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel laten dan ingin melihat hubungan antar variabel laten, maka metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Partial Least Square (PLS). Data merupakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden yang merupakan pekerja aktif yang bekerja di perusahaan-perusahaan di ibukota DKI Jakarta dengan menggunakan metode snowball sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 228 responden. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah terdapat hubungan positif antara tingkat kesiapan menghadapi era industri 4.0 dengan loyalitas baik sebelum maupun setelah pandemi Covid-19. Selain itu, kesimpulannya adalah terdapat hubungan negatif antara tingkat kecemasan terhadap pandemi Covid-19 dengan tingkat kesiapan menghadapi era industri 4.0. Demikian juga tingkat kecemasan menghadapi era industri 4.0 memiliki hubungan negatif dengan perubahan tingkat kesiapan menghadapi era industri 4.0 pekerja DKI Jakarta. Namun, tingkat kecemasan menghadapi era industri 4.0 memiliki hubungan positif dengan perubahan loyalitas pekerja DKI Jakarta.

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This study aims to determine how the level of readiness to face the industrial era 4.0 relates to work loyalty before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, this study will also analyze the relationship between anxiety levels in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic with the magnitude of changes in the level of readiness to face the industrial era 4.0 and the magnitude of changes in work loyalty. This is needed by companies to seek workers who remain loyal to the company during the Covid-19 pandemic. Because the variables used in this study are latent variables and you want to see the relationship between latent variables, the method used in this study is the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The data are primary data collected through distributing questionnaires to respondents who are active workers who work in companies in the capital DKI Jakarta using the snowball sampling method and obtained a sample of 228 respondents. The results obtained are that there is a positive relationship between the level of readiness to face the industrial era 4.0 and loyalty both before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the conclusion is that there is a negative relationship between the level of anxiety about the Covid-19 pandemic and the level of readiness to face the industrial era 4.0. Likewise, the level of anxiety facing the industrial era 4.0 has a negative relationship with changes in the level of readiness to face the industrial era 4.0 of DKI Jakarta workers. However, the level of anxiety facing the industrial era 4.0 has a positive relationship with changes in the loyalty of DKI Jakarta workers."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis proses sekuritisasi dalam penanganan pandemi COVID-19 di Hungaria berdasarkan teori sekuritisasi yang dikembangkan oleh Thierry Balzacq. Menurut teori sekuritisasi, sebuah isu dibingkai sebagai isu keamanan yang harus segera ditangani karena dianggap sebagai bahaya eksistensial yang mengancam keamanan nasional. Sekuritisasi pandemi COVID-19 memberikan akses bagi Perdana Menteri Viktor Orbán untuk memerintah negaranya lewat dekrit. Hal ini menuai kritik dari para aktor di ranah internasional maupun domestik, namun banyak juga masyarakat Hungaria yang setuju dan mematuhi aturan yang ditetapkan oleh Orbán sebagai upaya pencegahan penyebaran virus. Para aktor sekuritisasi memiliki kapasitas untuk menggunakan pendekatan keamanan dalam merespons isu kesehatan seperti pandemi COVID-19, akan tetapi teori sekuritisasi yang dicetuskan oleh Balzacq menyebutkan bahwa konteks, kekuatan dispositif, dan legitimasi dari audiens juga menentukan keberhasilan dari proses sekuritisasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode process tracing untuk menelusuri bagaimana konteks sosial politik baik di ranah internasional maupun domestik serta interaksi antara para aktor dengan audiens memungkinkan terjadinya sekuritisasi pandemi COVID-19 di Hungaria. Konteks sosial politik di ranah internasional dan domestik menjadi krusial untuk diteliti karena dapat memberikan gambaran terkait proses intersubjektif yang menentukan keberhasilan dari sekuritisasi pandemi COVID-19 di Hungaria.

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This study analyzes the securitization process in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary based on the securitization theory developed by Thierry Balzacq. According to securitization theory, an issue is framed as a security issue that must be addressed immediately because it is considered as an existential hazard that threatens national security. The securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary gave Prime Minister Viktor Orbán access to govern his country by decree. This drew criticism from international and domestic actors, but many Hungarians also agreed and complied with the rules laid down by Orbán as an effort to prevent the spread of the virus. Securitization actors have the capacity to use a security approach in responding to health issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but the securitization theory proposed by Balzacq states that context, dispositive power, and legitimacy from the audience also determine the success of the securitization process. This study uses the process tracing method to explore how socio-political context both in the international and domestic spheres as well as the interaction between actors and the audience facilitates the securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary. The socio-political context in the international and domestic spheres is crucial to be analyzed because it can provide an overview of the intersubjective processes that determine the success of the securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary."