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"Latar belakang: Pasien kanker kepala leher (KKL) yang mendapatkan kemoradiasi berisiko mengalami malnutrisi dan meningkat hingga 88 % saat akhir kemoradiasi. Efek samping kemoradiasi berupa xerostomia, mukositis, mual atau muntah menambah penurunan status nutrisi dan kapasitas fungsional. Monitoring status nutrisi melalui penilaian berat badan (BB) dan kekuatan genggam tangan (KGT) sebagai cara sederhana dan minimal invasif dibandingkan alat pemeriksaan lain seperti pengukur komposisi tubuh dan Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Belum diketahui frekuensi kunjungan optimal ke poli gizi selama menjalani kemoradiasi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, dilakukan di Radioterapi RSCM (IPTOR RSUPNCM).Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat korelasi frekuensi kunjungan pasien KKL yang menjalani kemoradiasi terhadap BB dan KGT, dengan kriteria inklusi adalah pasien KKL dewasa, usia 19 hingga 59 tahun, yang menjalani kemoradiasi pada 10 fraksi terakhir, dan bersedia masuk dalam penelitian. Pengukuran BB menggunakan timbangan merk Omron® Karada-HBF-375, kekuatan genggam tangan menggunakan Jamar® handgrip pada tangan kanan dominan subjek. Hasil: Rerata BB 55,65±12,34 kg, rerata KGT 29,24±10,74 kg, dan rerata frekuensi 1 kali. Rerata asupan energi 1225,96±501,22 kkal, protein median 41 g, rerata lemak 33,5±18,8g dan KH 182,2±78,3g. Korelasi antara frekuensi kunjungan terhadap BB (r= 0,61, p= 0,66) dan KGT (r=0,06, p= 0,64). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara frekuensi kunjungan terhadap BB dan KGT.

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Background: Head and neck cancer patients who get chemoradiated are at risk of malnutrition and an increase in malnutrition of up to 88% at the end of chemoradiation. Side effects of chemoradiation in the form of xerostomia, mucositis, nausea or vomiting add to the decrease : Luana Lidwina in nutritional status and functional capacity. Monitoring nutritional status, one of which is carried out by assessing body weight (BW) and hand-holding strength (HGS). BW and HGS assessments are a simple and minimally invasive way for people with head and neck cancer (HNC) compared to other examination tools such as body composition measuring devices, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), and require high costs. It is not yet known the frequency of optimal visits of HNC patients to the nutrition poly during the moradiation period.

Methods: This study used the cross section method, conducted in RSCM Radiotherapy (IPTOR RSUPNCM). This study aims to see a correlation between the frequency of visits by HNC patients undergoing morbidity to BW and HGS. Subjects included as inclusion criteria were adult HNC patients, ages 19 to 59, who underwent chemoradiation in the last 10 fractions, and were willing to enter the study to be taken. BW measurements using omron® Karada- HBF-375 brand scales, hand grip strength using Jamar® handgrip on the dominant right hand of the subject.

Result: The weight of the subjects had an average of 55.6 5±12.34 kg, HGS had an average of 29.24±10.74 kg, and an average frequency of 1 time. Average energy intake 1225.96±501.22 kcal, median protein 41 g, average fat 33.5±18.8g and KH 182.2±78.3g. Correlation between the frequency of visits to BW (r= 0.61, p= 0.66) and HGS (r=0.06, p= 0.64).

Conclusion: There was no correlation between the frequency of visits to BB and KGT."

"Kadar CRP serum dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor penurunan berat badan dan indikator prognostik inflamasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar CRP serum dengan penurunan berat badan dan mukositis oral pada pasien kanker kepala leher yang menjalani radioterapi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang pada pasien kanker kepala leher yang telah menjalani terapi radiasi minimal 25 kali di Departeman Radioterapi RSUPNCM Jakarta dengan usia ge;18 ndash;65 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar subyek 71,2 memiliki kadar CRP serum normal, mengalami penurunan berat badan ge;5 dalam waktu sebulan 76,9 dengan rerata penurunan berat badan -9,42 7,76 , dan juga mengalami mukositis oral 65,4 dengan persentase terbanyak yaitu derajat 1 59,6 . Tidak terdapat mukositis oral derajat 3 dan 4. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar CRP serum dengan penurunan berat r=0,166; p=0,239 , dan mukositis oral r=0,137; p=0,331 . Kesimpulan adalah kadar CRP serum saat radioterapi tidak memengaruhi penurunan berat badan dan mukositis oral. Sebagian besar subyek tetap mengalami penurunan berat badan selama menjalani radioterapi sehingga pemasangan NGT yang lebih awal yaitu sebelum terapi radiasi dimulai NGT profilaksis perlu dilakukan, namun hal ini membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Serum CRP levels can be used as a predictor of weight loss and prognostic indicator of inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the correlation of serum CRP levels with weight loss and oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. This study was an observational study in the head and neck cancer patients who have undergone radiation therapy at least 25 times at the Department of Radiotherapy RSUPNCM Jakarta with aged ge 18 ndash 65 years old. Our study results showed that most of the subjects 71,2 had normal serum CRP levels, weight loss of ge 5 in one month 76,9 , and also experienced oral mucositis 65,4 . Mostly had grade 1 oral mucositis 59,6 . There were no grade 3 and 4 oral mucositis.There were no correlation between serum CRP levels with weight loss r 0,166 p 0,239 , and oral mucositis r 0,137 p 0.331 . In conclusion, serum CRP levels did not influence weight loss and oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Most of the subjects still experienced weight loss during radiotherapy. Therefore, NGT prophylaxis is needed, but this requires further study."

"Albumin serum, berat badan dan kekuatan genggaman merupakan parameter penilaian status gizi yang berhubungan dengan kadar protein tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar albumin serum terhadap persentase penurunan berat badan dan kekuatan genggaman. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang pada pasien kanker kepala leher dengan usia ≥18–65 tahun yang telah menjalani radiasi ≥25 kali di Departemen Radioterapi RSUPNCM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sekitar 55,76% subjek memiliki kadar albumin <3,4 g/dL. Rerata penurunan berat badan selama radiasi – 9,42 ± 7,76%, dengan 79,6% subyek mengalami penurunan berat badan ≥5%. Rerata kekuatan genggaman tangan dominan 39,48 ± 9,15 kg. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar albumin serum dengan persentase penurunan berat badan (r = - 0,129; p = 0,364) dan kekuatan genggaman tangan (r = 0,048; p = 0,733). Kesimpulan, kadar albumin serum tidak memengaruhi penurunan berat badan dan kekuatan genggaman selama radiasi. Sangat penting untuk mempertahankan status gizi selama menjalani radioterapi salah satunya dengan pemakaian NGT di awal radiasi. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain kohort prospektif untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih konklusif.

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Serum albumin, body weight and hand grip strength is a parameter of assessment of nutritional status related to body protein. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between serum albumin levels with the percentage of weight loss and hand grip strength. A cross sectional study design in the head neck cancer patients with ge 18 65 years of age who have undergone radiation at least 25 times in the Department of Radiotherapy RSUPNCM. The results showed approximately 55,76 of the subjects had levels of albumin below 3,4 g dL. Mean weight loss during radiation ndash 9,42 7,76 , with 79,6 of subjects experienced weight loss ge 5 . Mean dominant hand grip strength 39,48 9,15 kg. There is no correlation between serum albumin levels with percentage of body weight loss r 0,129 p 0,364 and hand grip strength r 0,048 p 0,733 . Conclussion, serum albumin levels did not affect body weight loss and handgrip strength during radiation. It is essential for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy to maintain nutritional status with NGT in the initial radiation. Further research with prospective cohort design is needed to obtain more conclusive data. Keywords Serum albumin, weight loss percentage, handgrip strength, head and neck cancer, radiotherapy "

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Radioterapi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar asam lemak omega-3 terhadap massa otot dan kekuatan genggam pada subjek kanker kepala leher yang mendapatkan radioterapi. Kaheksia kanker sering terjadi pada kanker kepala leher akibat peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi yang menyebabkan hipermetabolisme, peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi, anoreksia, penurunan massa otot dan berat badan. Asam lemak omega-3 berperan dalam menurunkan inflamasi, meningkatkan massa otot, dan kekuatan genggam. Dari 52 subjek yang sudah mendapatkan radioterapi ge;25 kali, 57 adalah laki-laki dengan rerata usia di atas 50 tahun. Lokasi kanker paling banyak di area nasofaring, sebagian besar sudah berada pada stadium IV dan mendapatkan kombinasi radioterapi dan kemoterapi. Sebesar 38,5 dan 32,7 subjek berada pada kategori indeks massa tubuh normal dan kurang. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran kurangnya asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan asam lemak omega-3, serta massa otot sebagian besar subjek yang tergolong kecil 28,4 4,7 , dengan kekuatan genggam sebagian besar subjek tergolong normal, dan kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma seluruh subjek yang tergolong rendah 2,5 0,8 . Data tersebut menunjukkan adanya masalah nutrisi pada pasien kanker kepala leher. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma terhadap massa otot r =0,6, p 50?60 Gy dan 50 Gy.

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This cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, aimed to investigate the correlation between omega 3 fatty acids plasma levels with muscle mass and hand grip muscle strength in subjects with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Cancer cachexia is common in head and neck cancer as a result of the increasing of proinflammatory cytokines that cause hipermetabolisme, increased nutritional needs, anorexia, decreased muscle mass and body weight. Omega 3 fatty acids play a role in reducing inflammation, as well as improving muscle mass and hand grip. There were 52 subjects who had received radiotherapy ge 25 times, 57 were male with a mean age of 50 years. Most cancer sites were at nasopharynx area, mostly in stage IV and received a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There were 38,5 of the subjects in the normal body mass index and 32,7 were in low body mass index. The data from this study showed inadequate intake of energy, protein, fat, and omega 3 fatty acids, as well as muscle mass majority was small 28,4 4,7 , with most of the hand grip classified as normal, and the plasma levels of omega 3 fatty acids all of the subjects were low 2,5 0,8 . The data showed that there were nutritional problems in patients with head and neck cancer. There was strong correlation of plasma levels of omega 3 fatty acids with muscle mass r 0,8, p 50 60 Gy and 50 Gy. "

"Pasien kanker kepala-leher berisiko tinggi mengalami malnutrisi disebabkan oleh perubahan metabolisme, lokasi tumor, serta gejala toksisitas akut akibat kemoradiasi. Terapi medik gizi secara dini sejak pasien terdiagnosis kanker untuk mencapai asupan energi dan protein yang adekuat, didukung asupan branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) dan eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) sesuai target, serta aktivitas fisik dapat menjaga massa otot dan status gizi pasien. Acute kidney injury (AKI) merupakan efek toksisitas obat kemoterapi berbasis platinum yang sering dialami pasien. Kondisi tersebut dapat menghambat optimalisasi pemberian nutrisi khususnya protein pada pasien kanker. Tiga dari empat pasien serial kasus sudah mengalami penurunan berat badan drastis, juga pre-kaheksia atau kaheksia sebelum mendapat terapi medik gizi. Selama menjalani kemoradiasi, asupan keempat pasien mengalami penurunan akibat gejala toksisitas akut yang semakin memberat mulai minggu ke-2 radiasi, sehingga tiga dari empat pasien tidak dapat mencapai target asupan energi dan protein pada sebagian besar pemantauan, dengan kisaran antara 6–41 kkal/kgBB/hari dan 0,3–1,6 g/kgBB/hari. Pemberian oral nutrition supplements (ONS) dan nutrisi enteral melalui nasogastric tube (NGT) membantu pemenuhan makronutrien, mikronutrien, serta nutrien spesifik. Berbagai studi menyatakan bahwa pasien yang mendapat terapi medik gizi disertai konseling nutrisi rutin mengalami penurunan berat badan lebih sedikit selama menjalani kemoradiasi. Keempat pasien serial kasus ini mengalami penurunan berat badan >10% selama menjalani kemoradiasi, terutama dari penurunan massa otot. Pasien juga mengalami penurunan kapasitas fungsional dan kualitas hidup. Dua orang pasien yang mendapat terapi medik gizi sejak sebelum kemoradiasi disertai asupan nutrien spesifik sesuai target, dengan rentang asupan BCAA 3,5–16,2 g/hari dan EPA 1–1,38 g/hari, mengalami penurunan berat badan dan kualitas hidup relatif lebih sedikit dibanding dua pasien lainnya. Dibutuhkan asupan energi ≥30 kkal/hari dan asupan protein ≥1,2 g/hari disertai peningkatan aktivitas fisik untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan massa otot. Penurunan asupan masih dapat terjadi hingga beberapa minggu pascakemoradiasi, sehingga pemberian terapi medik gizi juga harus dilanjutkan setelah terapi kanker selesai.

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Patients with head and neck cancer are at risk of malnutrition as a result of the metabolic alteration, site of their cancer, also acute toxicity following chemoradiation therapy. Early nutrition intervention consisted of adequate energy, protein, BCAA, and EPA intake, including physical activity initiated immediately after diagnosis was made, may maintain skeletal muscle mass and nutritional status. Platinum-based chemotherapy drug-induced nephrotoxicity can hinder the optimization of protein intake in cancer patients. Three out of four patients in this case series had experienced severe weight loss, also pre-cachexia and cachexia before initiation of nutrition intervention. Energy and protein intake of three patients remained insufficient until the end of chemoradiation therapy, ranged from 6–41 kcal/kg/day and 0,3–1,6 g/kg/day. These inadequacies were mainly caused by acute radiation toxicities that worsen as radiation went on. Oral nutrition supplements and enteral tube feeding may help to achieve adequate macronutrient, micronutrient, and specific nutrient intake. A number of studies demonstrated that regular dietary counseling during chemoradiation was associated with less weight loss. All patients in this case series suffered from weight loss >10%, mainly from skeletal muscle loss. Functional status and quality of life during chemoradiation therapy were also reduced. Better quality of life and less weight loss were seen in two patients who received early nutrition intervention and reached the daily intake target of specific nutrient, ranged from 3,5–16,2 g/day for BCAA and 1–1,38 g/day for EPA. Energy intake ≥30 kcal/day and protein intake ≥1,2 g/day combined with increased physical activity are needed to maintain or increase muscle mass. Side effects of radiation can last for months after treatment; therefore, nutrition intervention should be continued to maintain good nutrition after radiation therapy."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker kepala dan leher (KKL) termasuk kanker yang paling umum, menempati urutan keenam secara global. Kanker rongga mulut termasuk dalam entitas KKL, yaitu sekitar 75% kasus. Salah satu modalitas terapi onkologi, yaitu radioterapi (RT) dapat menyebabkan efek samping di oral, contohnya seperti berkurangnya fungsi mengunyah dan menelan, serta penurunan nafsu makan yang kemudian berkaitan dengan penurunan berat badan kritis. Penurunan berat badan kritis (PBBK) didefinisikan sebagai penurunan berat badan yang tidak disengaja sebesar 5% pada 1 bulan atau 10% pada 6 bulan sejak dimulainya RT. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan PBBK pada pasien RT kepala dan leher di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Metode Penelitian: Analisis observasional retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder (rekam medis) dari 125 pasien kanker mulut di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais periode 2018-2022. Hasil: Rata-rata usia pasien adalah 50,2±14,5 tahun terdiri dari laki-laki sebanyak 68 orang (54,4%) dan perempuan sebanyak 57 orang (45,6%). Pasien yang mengalami PBBK pada satu bulan sejak RT selesai sebanyak 69 orang (72,6%). Analisis bivariat untuk melihat faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap PBBK menunjukkan hanya variabel xerostomia selama RT yang signifikan (p = 0,006). Kesimpulan: Xerostomia selama RT merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap PBBK. Kolaborasi multidisipliner tim onkologi diperlukan untuk mencegah PBBK, termasuk dokter gigi untuk memantau komplikasi oral selama RT.

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Introduction: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. 75% of HNCs are oral cancer. Radiotherapy (RT) is generally an oncology therapy that can develop side effects associated with oral complications due to RT. These complications can interfere with chewing and swallowing, which subsequently cause a decrease in appetite. Furthermore, patients may experience critical weight loss (CWL) defined as involuntary weight loss of 5% at one month or 10% at six months from the start of RT. Objective: To investigate the factor which correlates with CWL in head and neck RT patients treated in Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis using secondary data (medical records) of 125 oral cancer patients at Dharmais Cancer Hospital in 2018-2022. Results: The mean age of patients was 50,2±14,5 years, with 68 (54,4%) male and 57 (45,6%) female. Sixty-nine patients (72,6%) developed CWL one month after RT, and the only significant factor in CWL was xerostomia during RT (p = 0,006). Conclusion: Xerostomia during RT is an influencing factor of CWL. Multidisciplinary collaboration of the oncology team is needed to prevent CWL, including the dentist to monitor oral complications during RT."

"Kuantitas dan kualitas asupan protein belum sepenuhnya diketahui perannya terhadap kualitas hidup. Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) juga belum diketahui dapat mencerminkan kualitas hidup dan apakah bisa ditingkatkan dengan asupan protein. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan protein dengan PNI dan kualitas hidup serta korelasi PNI dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker kepala leher dengan radioterapi di Departemen Radioterapi Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Sebanyak 61 subjek didapatkan dari consecutive sampling. Rerata usia subjek adalah 46,3 ± 12,4 dan 65,6% subjek berada pada kanker stadium IV dan mendapatkan terapi kemoradiasi. Sebanyak 32,8% subjek yang memiliki status gizi kurang. Median asupan protein adalah 1,42 (0,26-4,11) g/kg/hari. Nilai PNI pada subjek penelitian memiliki median 45,9 (29,4-54,2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi bermakna antara kuantitas asupan protein berdasarkan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif dan beberapa aspek gejala pada kualitas hidup yaitu pada aspek pain (head and neck) (r=-0,32; p=0,01), swallowing (r=-0,37;p=0,004), social eating (r=-0,29; p=0,02), dry mouth (r=-0,41; p=0,001), sticky saliva (r=-0,32; p=0,01), fatigue (r=-0,28; p=0,03), nausea and vomiting (r=-0,26; p=0,04) dan appetite loss (r=-0,3; p=0,01). Kualitas asupan protein tidak berkorelasi bermakna dengan kualitas hidup. PNI berkorelasi bermakna terhadap 1 aspek fungsional yaitu physical function (r=0,378; p=0,003) dan 2 aspek gejala yaitu opening mouth (r=-0,325; p=0,01) dan dyspnea (r=-0,257; p=0,045). Meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik, namun PNI memiliki arah korelasi yang positif terhadap aspek fungsional lainnya dan memiliki arah korelasi negatif terhadap aspek gejala lainnya yang berarti semakin tinggi PNI maka aspek fungsional semakin baik dan gejala semakin ringan. Studi ini tidak menemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan protein, baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya, terhadap PNI. Hasil ini diduga berkaitan dengan penemuan bahwa sebagian besar penderita masih memiliki pola asupan yang mampu mencukupi kebutuhan kalori dan protein harian. Diperlukan studi prospektif yang menelusuri aspek prognostik kanker kepala leher dari segi kualitas hidup untuk mengetahui apakah PNI dapat memprediksi aspek kualitas hidup dengan lebih rinci.

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Quality and quantity of protein intake has not been well understood that it can affect quality of life. Moreover, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) also has not been well studied upon its usage to reflect quality of life of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This cross sectional study was aimed to determine the correlation between protein intake and PNI and also the correlation between PNI and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at Radiotherapy Department, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. Total of 61 subjects were recruited with consecutive sampling method with mean age of 46,3 ± 12,4 years old and 65,6% subjects were on stage IV cancer and were getting a combination of chemo and radiotherapy. Only 32,8% subjects were on low nutritional status. Median of total protein intake was 1,42 (0,26-4,11) g/kg/day. Median of PNI was 45,9 (29,4-54,2) among subjects. The result of the study showed a significant correlations between quanitity of protein intake based on semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with several aspects of quality of life, that were pain (head and neck) (r=-0,32; p=0,01), swallowing (r=-0,37; p=0,004), social eating (r=-0,29; p=0,02), dry mouth (r=-0,41; p=0,001), sticky saliva (r=-0,32; p=0,01), fatigue (r=-0,28; p=0,03), nausea and vomiting (r=-0,26; p=0,04) dan appetite loss (r=-0,3; p=0,01). This aspects were all symptomatics. PNI was significantly correlated with 1 functional aspect, which was Physical function (r=0.378; p=0,003) and 2 symptomp aspects, which were opening mouth (r=-0,325; p=0,01) dan dyspnea (r=-0,257; p=0,045). Although not statistically significant, but there were positive direction of correlation with other functional aspects and negative direction of correlation with other symptomps aspects. This implicates that the higher the PNI, the lower the symptoms and the better the functional status of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study did not show a significant correlation between quality and quantity of protein intake with PNI. An adequate intake of calorie and protein in most subjects were found in this study which might explain the result. More studies, preferably prospective one, may be needed to show the usage of PNI to reflect quality of life, especially involving quality of life progresivity."

"Pasien kanker kepala leher rentan mengalami malnutrisi akibat penurunan sensitivitas indera pengecap yang sudah terjadi sejak awal diagnosis dan akan diperberat oleh terapi. Seng merupakan salah satu zat gizi yang berperan dalam proses metabolisme utama seperti regulasi siklus sel dan pembelahan sel, sintesis protein dan penyembuhan luka termasuk di antaranya sel-sel taste bud pada indera pengecap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara asupan seng dengan kepekaan indera pengecap pada pasien kanker kepala leher sebelum menjalani kemoradiasi. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada subyek dewasa dengan kanker kepala leher sebelum kemoradiasi di RSCM. Asupan seng dinilai menggunakan FFQ semi kuantitatif. Kepekaan indera pengecap dinilai dengan menggunakan 3-stimulus drop technique yang dikembangkan oleh Mossman dan Henkin untuk 4 kualitas rasa (asin, manis, asam, dan pahit). Sebanyak 85 subyek penelitian dengan median usia 54 tahun, mayoritas laki-laki, terdiagnosis kanker nasofaring dengan jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa dan stadium IV. Rerata subyek memiliki status gizi normal, dengan median asupan energi 28 (15-58) kkal/kgBB dan protein 1 (0-3) g/kgBB. Median asupan seng pada subyek sebesar 8 (3-24) gram dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif. Kepekaan indera pengecap subyek didapatkan paling tinggi berturut-turut adalah untuk rasa asam, pahit, asin, dan manis. Dilakukan uji korelasi antara asupan seng dengan kepekaan indera pengecap. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan seng dengan kepekaan indera pengecap pada pasien kanker kepala leher praradiasi baik rasa manis (r= -0,170, p= 0,120), asin (r= -0,085, p= 0,442), asam (r= 0,080, p= 0,467), ataupun pahit (r= -0,131, p= 0,233).

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Head and neck cancer patients are susceptible to malnutrition due to decreased taste sensitivity that has occurred since first diagnosed and worsened by therapy. Zinc is a nutrient that plays a role in major metabolic processes such as regulation of the cell cycle dan cell proliferation, protein synthesis and wound healing, including taste bud cells. This study aims to examine the relationship between zinc intake and taste sensitivity in head and neck cancer patients before undergoing chemoradiation. The study used a cross-sectional design on adult head and neck cancer subjects who have not been undergone chemoradiation at RSCM. Zinc intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Taste sensitivity was assessed using the 3-stimulus drop technique developed by Mossman and Henkin for 4 taste qualities (salty, sweet, sour, and bitter). A total of 85 subjects with a median age of 54 years, most of them are male, diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer and already at stage IV. On average, the subjects had normal nutritional status, median energy intake was 28 (15-58) kcal/kgBW and protein 1 (0-3) g/kgBW. The median zinc intake in subjects was 8 (3-24) grams assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ. The highest taste sensitivity of the subjects was sour, bitter, salty, and sweet, respectively. A correlation test was conducted between zinc intake and taste sensitivity. There was no significant correlation between zinc intake and taste sensitivity in head and neck cancer patients before chemoradiation, either sweet (r= -0.170, p= 0.120), salty (r= -0.085, p= 0.442), sour (r= 0.080), p= 0.467), or bitter (r= -0.131, p= 0.233)."

"Latar Belakang: Pengobatan Kanker kepala leher (KKL) melalui terapi radiasi maupun kemoradiasi sering menimbulkan efek samping. Efek samping terapi radiasi pasien KKL menyebabkan gangguan asupan yang meningkatkan kejadian malnutrisi. Ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral merupakan salah satu tata laksana nutrisi yang dapat diberikan untuk mencegah penurunan asupan dan status gizi pasien KKL. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat korelasi antara ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral dengan pemenuhan nutrisi dan status gizi.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada subjek dewasa dengan KKL pasca terapi radiasi di poliklinik radioterapi RSCM. Pemenuhan nutrisi dinilai dengan FFQ semi kuantitatif sedangkan status gizi diukur dengan menghitung indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral didapatkan melalui wawancara dan rekam medis pasien.Hasil: Sebanyak 41 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 51 tahun ikut serta dalam penelitian. Sebagian besar subjek adalah laki-laki, diagnosis kanker nasofaring, stadium IV, dan jalur nutrisi oral. Rerata IMT subjek 20,5 ± 3,6 kg/m2 dan rerata asupan subjek 1336,7 ± 405,5 kkal/hari. Rerata IMT subjek dengan jalur nutrisi enteral lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan jalur nutrisi oral yaitu 18,2 ± 2,6 kg/m2 dibanding 21,2 ± 3,5 kg/m2. Rerata total asupan energi subjek dengan jalur nutrisi enteral lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jalur nutrisi oral yaitu 1498,1 ± 430,6 kkal/hari dibanding 1291,4 ± 393,3 kkal/hari. Terdapat korelasi nagatif sedang antara ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral dengan status gizi (r=-0,346, p=0,027) dan korelasi positif lemah dengan pemenuhan nutrisi (r=0,216, p=0,174). Meskipun demikian pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa proporsi subjek yang mendapat jalur nutrisi enteral dan mengalami penurunan IMT lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan proporsi subjek yang menggunakan jalur oral, yaitu 22,2% dengan 43,8%.Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi negatif sedang yang signifikan antara ketersediaan jalur nutrisi enteral dengan status gizi dan korelasi positif lemah dengan pemenuhan nutrisi yang masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor perancu penelitian.

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Background: Treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) through radiation therapy or chemoradiation often lead to side effects. The side effect of radiation therapy in HNC patients might deteriorate food intake that increase the incidence of malnutrition. The availability of enteral nutrition is one of nutritional interventions that can be provided to prevent detrimental of food intake and nutritional status in HNC patients. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition with nutritional fulfillment and nutritional status.

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on adult HNC patients after radiation therapy at Radiotherapy Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Nutritional fulfillment was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) while nutritional status was measured by calculating body mass index (BMI). The availability of enteral route was obtained through interviews and patients medical records.

Results: A total of 41 subjects with a mean age of 51 years participated in the study. Most of the subjects were male, with stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer and oral nutrition route. The mean of BMI was 20,5 ± 3,6 kg/m2 and the mean food intake was 1336,7 ± 405,5 kcal/day. The mean BMI of subjects with enteral nutrition was lower than those on oral nutrition, which was 18,2 ± 2,6 kg/m2 compared to 21,2 ± 3,5 kg/m2. The mean total energy intake of subjects with enteral nutrition route was higher than oral nutrition route, which was 1498,1 ± 430,6 kcal/day compared to 1291,4 ± 393,3 kcal/day. There was a moderate negative correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition and nutritional status (r=-0,346, p=0,027), meanwhile there was a weak positive correlation with nutritional fulfillment (r=0,216, p=0,174). However, in this study we found that the proportion of subjects with enteral nutrition who experienced a decrease of BMI was less than the proportion of subjects on the oral route, which was 22,2% compared to 43,8%, respectively.

Conclusion: There is a moderate negative correlation between the availability of enteral nutrition which was statistically significant with nutritional status and a weak correlation with nutritional fulfillment which was still influenced by confounding factors."

"Latar Belakang: Penurunan kapasitas latihan dan kekuatan otot merupakan gambaran yang umum dijumpai pada pasien hemodialisis (HD) kronik. Perbaikan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) tidak memperbaiki secara optimal kapasitas latihan. Prevalensi kalsifikasi arteri tinggi pada pasien HD. Hal ini menyebabkan berkurangnya elastisitas pembuluh darah sehingga meningkatkan kekakuan arteri. Terdapat bukti klinis bahwa kekakuan arteri sentral memengaruhi kapasitas latihan pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK). Kapasitas latihan dapat diprediksi dengan menilai kekuatan otot perifer. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi kekakuan arteri sentral dengan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien yang menjalani HD kronik. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan subyek pasien HD kronik yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling dengan rentang usia 18 – 59 tahun.  Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi kekakuan arteri sentral (dengan menilai central pulse wave velocity/cPWV) dengan kekuatan genggam tangan (KGT), kemudian dilakukan korelasi parsial terhadap variabel perancu (usia, dialysis vintage, Hb, dan aktivitas fisik). Hasil: Terdapat 45 pria dan 40 wanita dengan median usia masing-masing 47 (19-59) dan 47 (18-59) tahun. Kedua kelompok mempunyai tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara cPWV dengan KGT baik pada  pria (r = -0,046, p = 0,763) maupun wanita (r = -0,285, p = 0,113). Analisis stratifikasi pada wanita yang memiliki tinggi badan (TB) >150 cm menunjukkan korelasi negatif derajat sedang antara cPWV dengan KGT (r = -0,466; r² = 0,217; p = 0,016). Nilai cPWV berperan sebesar 21,7% terhadap KGT, dan 78,3% diduga dipengaruhi oleh faktor perancu. Kelompok KGT rendah memiliki nilai cPWV yang meningkat pada semua kategori usia. Simpulan: Kekakuan arteri sentral tidak berhubungan dengan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien yang menjalani HD kronik. Terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan nilai cPWV pada subjek yang memiliki KGT rendah.

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Background: Exercise intolerance and muscle weakness are the common features in hemodialysis patients. However, correction of renal anemia by eritropoetin does not optimize the exercise capacity. The prevalence of arterial calcification among the hemodialysis patient is high. It thereby decreased the elasticity of the vessels and increased the arterial stiffness. Clinical evidence showed that central arterial stiffness affects the exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exercise capacity can be predicted by assessing peripheral muscle strength.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between central arterial stiffness and handgrip strength in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Methods: This study use cross-sectional design which perform in chronic HD patients aged between 18 and 59 years old by consecutive sampling. Bivariate analysis was done to determine the correlation between central arterial stiffness (assessed using central pulse wave velocity /cPWV) and handgrip strength (HGS). Afterwards, partial correlation of confounding variables (age, dialysis vintage, Hb and physical activity) were also be analyzed.

Results: There were 45 men and 40 women with the median age of 47 (19-59) and 47 (18-59) years old, respectively. Both groups have moderate level of physical activity. There was no correlation between cPWV and HGS in men (r = -0.046, p = 0.763) and women (r = -0.285, p = 0.113). Stratified analysis in women with height over 150 cm showed a moderate negative correlation between cPWV and HGS (r = -0,466; r² = 0,217; p = 0,016). cPWV accounted for 21.7% of HGS, while 78.3% were suggested to be influenced by the confounding factors. The group with low HGS had an increased cPWV in all age categories.

Conclusion: Central artery stiffness was not associated with HGS in chronic HD patient. There was a tendency of increased central arterial stiffness in the group of subjects who had low HGS."