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"Osteoporosis adalah penyakit tulang yang ditandai dengan rendahnya massa tulang yang menyebabkan peningkatan risiko patah tulang. Pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa aspirin dapat mengurangi kadar S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate) sehingga resorpsi tulang akibat osteoklas dapat menurun. Kombinasi aspirin dan kalsium digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap jumlah sel osteoklas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tikus putih betina Sprague-Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok yaitu kelompok sham dan kontrol negatif yang diberikan CMC Na 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan tamoksifen 3,6 mg/200 gBB/hari, kelompok aspirin yang diberikan aspirin 5,4 mg/200gBB/hari, kelompok kalsium yang diberikan kalsium 15 mg/200 g BB/hari, serta kelompok kombinasi aspirin dan kalsium dengan masing-masing dosisnya yaitu D1 aspirin 1,8 mg/200 g BB/hari dan kalsium 15 mg/200gBB/hari; D2 aspirin 5,4 mg/200gBB/hari dan kalsium 15 mg/200gBB/hari; dan D3 aspirin 16,2 mg/200gBB/hari dan kalsium 15 mg/200gBB/hari secara peroral. Sebelum pemberian obat, semua tikus dibedah ovariektomi kecuali kelompok sham dan kontrol negatif yang dibedah sham. Setelah pembedahan, tikus dipelihara selama 28 hari kemudian diberikan obat. Parameter yang diukur adalah berat tulang tibia dan jumlah sel osteoklas yang dilihat secara histopatologi dengan pewarnaan HE (Hematoksilin-Eosin). Berat tulang tibia kelompok sham 321,90±10,39mg, kontrol negatif 272,30±54,18mg, kontrol positif 312,50±40,86mg, aspirin 336,67±29,57mg, kalsium 335,90±60,66mg, D1 346,27±83,91mg, D2 377,00±4,51mg, D3 366,67±48,52mg. Jumlah sel osteoklas kelompok sham 7,8±0,4sel/lapang pandang, kontrol negatif 9,13±1,10sel/lapang pandang, kontrol positif 8,13±1,67sel/lapang pandang, aspirin 7,53±1,52sel/lapang pandang, kalsium 7,67±0,64sel/lapang pandang, D1 7,47±0,31sel/lapang pandang, D2 5,33±0,99sel/lapang pandang, D3 7,67±0,31sel/lapang pandang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa aspirin dan kalsium dapat meningkatkan berat tulang dan menurunkan jumlah sel osteoklas.

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Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mass which causes an increased risk of fracture. Previous study have shown that aspirin can reduce S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate) levels so that bone resorption due to osteoclasts can decrease. The combination of aspirin and calcium was used in this study to see its effect on the number of osteoclasts. This study was conducted on female white Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into 8 groups, sham, negative control groups were given 0.5% CMC Na, positive control group was given tamoxifen 3.6 mg/200gBW/day, aspirin group was given 5.4 mg/200gBW/day, calcium group was given calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day, and the aspirin and calcium combination group with each dose of D1 aspirin 1.8 mg/200gBW/day and calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day, D2 aspirin 5.4 mg/200gBW/day and calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day, and D3 aspirin 16.2 mg/200gBW/day and calcium 15 mg/200gBW/day orally. All rats were ovariectomized except for the normal group and the negative control group which underwent sham surgery. The rats were kept for 28 days and then given the drug. The parameters measured were the weight of the tibia bone and the number of osteoclasts seen histopathologically with HE (Hematoxylin-Eosin) staining. Weight of tibia bone are 321.90±10.39mg for sham, 272.30±54.18mg for negative control, 312.50±40.86mg for positive control, 336.67±29.57mg for aspirin, 335.90±60.66mg for calcium, 346.27±83.91mg for D1, 377.00±4.51mg for D2, 366.67±48.52mg for D3. The number of osteoclasts in cells/field of view are 7.8±0.4 for sham, 9.13±1.10 for negative control, 8.13±1.67 for positive control, 7.53±1.52 for aspirin, 7.67±0.64 for calcium, 7.47±0.31 for D1, 5.33±0.99 for D2, 7.67±0.31 for D3. The result is the combination of aspirin and calcium can increase bone weight and decrease the number of osteoclasts.

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"Osteoporosis adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan massa tulang yang parah sehingga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya retak atau patah tulang. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian aspirin dosis tinggi (300 mg) terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) dalam plasma. Kadar rendah S1P dalam darah dapat mengaktifkan S1PR1 yang dapat mengarahkan prekursor osteoklas kembali ke darah sehingga proses osteoklastogenesis dapat terhambat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian aspirin dengan kombinasi kalsium secara in vivo. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih betina Sprague-Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok, yaitu sham dan kontrol negatif yang diberikan 1ml CMC Na 0,5%, kontrol positif diberikan tamoksifen sitrat 3,6 mg/200 g BB/hari, kelompok aspirin diberikan aspirin 5,4 mg/200 g BB/hari, kelompok kalsium diberikan kalsium sitrat 15 mg/200 g BB/hari, serta 3 kelompok variasi dosis aspirin dalam kombinasi dengan kalsium sitrat yaitu D1 aspirin 1,8 mg/200 g BB/hari, D2 aspirin 5,4 mg/200 g BB/hari, D3 aspirin 16,2 mg/200 g BB/hari dimana ketiga variasi dosis tersebut dikombinasikan dengan dosis kalsium sitrat 15 mg/200 g BB/hari secara peroral. Semua tikus dilakukan ovariektomi, kecuali kelompok sham dilakukan pembedahan tanpa pengambilan ovarium. Tikus dipelihara 4 minggu pasca operasi, lalu diberi perlakuan selama 28 hari. Parameter pertama yang diukur adalah berat tulang tibia dengan rata-rata kelompok sham 321,90 ± 10,39 mg, kontrol negatif 272,300 ± 54,18 mg, kontrol positif 312,50 ± 40,86 mg, aspirin 336,67 mg, kalsium 335, 90 ± 60,66 mg, D1 346,27 ± 83,90 mg, D2 377,00 ± 36,10 mg, dan D3 336,67 ± 4,5 mg. Parameter kedua yang diukur adalah kadar kalsium dengan rata-rata kelompok kelompok sham 111,08 ± 4,74 mg, kontrol negatif 89,30 ± 23,94 mg, kontrol positif 109,69 ± 20,25 mg, aspirin 123,01 ± 17,98 mg, kalsium 124,53 ± 32,11 mg, D1 120,19 ± 3,63 mg, D2 149,22 ± 17,13 mg, dan D3 121,60 ± 5,21 mg. Berdasarkan penelitian, pengaruh pemberian dosis kombinasi aspirin 5,4 mg/200 g BB/hari dan dosis kalsium 15 mg/200 g BB/hari pada tikus dapat meningkatkan berat dan kadar kalsium tulang tibia secara efektif.

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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a severe decrease in bone mass that increases the risk of fractures. Previous studies have shown that high-dose aspirin (300 mg) has been shown to reduce plasma levels of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P). Low levels of S1P in the blood can activate S1PR1 which can direct osteoclast precursors back to the blood so that the process of osteoclastogenesis can be inhibited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aspirin and calcium combination in vivo. This study used female Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into 8 groups, namely sham and negative control which were given 1ml CMC Na 0.5%, positive control was given tamoxifen citrate 3.6 mg/200 g BW/day, aspirin group was given aspirin. 5.4 mg/200 g BW/day, the calcium group was given calcium citrate 15 mg/200 g BW/day, as well as 3 groups with variations in the dose of aspirin in combination with calcium citrate, namely D1 aspirin 1.8 mg/200 g BW/day, D2 aspirin 5.4 mg/200 g BW/day, D3 aspirin 16.2 mg/200 g BW/day where the three variations of the dose were combined with a dose of calcium citrate 15 mg/200 g BW/day. All rats were ovariectomized, except for the sham group which underwent surgery without removing the ovaries. After 4 weeks of ovariectomy, rats were treated for 28 days orally. The first parameter that was measured was the mass of the tibia bone with the average for bone mass in each group are 321.90 ± 10.39 mg for sham group, 272.300 ± 54.18 mg for negative control, 312.50 ± 40.86 mg for positive control, 336.67 mg for aspirin group, 335, 90 ± 60.66 mg for calcium group, 346.27 ± 83.90 mg for D1, 377.00 ± 36.10 mg for D2, and 336.67 ± 4.5 mg for D3. The second parameter measured was calcium levels with the average for calcium levels in each group are 111.08 ± 4.74 mg for sham group, 89.30 ± 23.94 mg for negative control, 109.69 ± 20.25 mg for positive control, 123.01 ± 17.98 mg for aspirin group, 124.53 ± 32.11 mg for calcium group, 120.19 ± 3.63 mg for D1, 149.22 ± 17.13 mg for D2, and 121.60 ± 5.21 mg for D3. Based on the research, the effect of a combination dose of aspirin 5.4 mg/200 g BW/day and calcium dose 15 mg/200 g BW/day in rats can increase the weight and calcium levels of the tibia bone effectively."

"Osteoporosis merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dicirikan dengan menurunnya massa dan struktur tulang yang menyebabkan kerapuhan dan patah tulang. Pada penelitian sebelumnya analog L-serin H-Ser(tBu)-OMe.HCl, terbukti dapat mengatasi gejala osteoporosis dengan meningkatkan massa tulang melalui penghambatan Serine Palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan eksperimen secara in vivo pada analog serin yang terbukti menghambat SPT yaitu L-sikloserin. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih betina Sprague-Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu sham dan kontrol negatif yang diberikan 1ml NaCl 0,9%, kontrol positif diberikan natrium alendronat 1mg/kg BB/hari, serta 3 kelompok variasi dosis L-sikloserin dengan D1 0,9mg/kg BB/hari, D2 1,8mg/kg BB/hari, dan D3 3,6mg/kg BB/hari dengan injeksi intraperitoneal. Semua tikus dilakukan ovariektomi, kecuali kelompok sham dilakukan pembedahan tanpa pengambilan ovarium. Tikus dipelihara 4 minggu pasca operasi, lalu diberi perlakuan selama 28 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah berat tulang dengan rata-rata kelompok sham 255,9±3,12mg, kontrol negatif 212,1±7,90mg, kontrol positif 268,93±11,12mg, D1 284,50±28,59mg, D2 294,73±15,96mg, dan D3 277,43±24,38mg; kadar kalsium tulang dengan sham54,93±7,72mg, kontrol negatif 44,37±4,86mg, kontrol positif 53,26±3,16mg, D1 53,73±1,22mg, D2 58,45±6,29mg, serta D3 53,35±1,62mg; serta jumlah osteoklas dihitung secara histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan TRAP dengan hasil sham 26,6±2,88sel/lapang pandang, kontrol negatif 61,27±14,64sel/lapang pandang, kontrol positif 21,6±3,5sel/lapang pandang, D1 29,2±1,31sel/lapang pandang, D2 22,53±1,45sel/lapang pandang, dan D3 28,4±11,93sel/lapang pandang. Berdasarkan penelitian, L-sikloserin meningkatkan berat dan kadar kalsium tulang, serta dapat menurunkan jumlah sel osteoklas.

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Osteoporosis is characterized by decreasing bone mass and bone structure, causing bone fragility and fracture. L-serine analog H-Ser(tBu)-OMe.HCl, has been known to increase BMD and inhibit Serine Palmitoyltransferase (SPT) thus inhibits osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we evaluated another L-serine analog which is SPT inhibitor, L-cycloserine. This experiment is done by using Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 different groups: sham and negative control were given 1ml of NaCl 0.9%, positive control was given 1mg/kg/day of sodium alendronate and the last 3 groups D1, D2, and D3 were given 0.9mg/kg/day, 1.8mg/kg/day, and 3.6mg/kg/day of L-cycloserine respectively. Ovariectomy was performed on all groups except for sham which underwent surgery without ovarium removal. After 4 weeks of ovariectomy, rats were treated for 28 days by intraperitoneal injection. Bone mass, calcium content, and osteoclast number histopathologically counted using TRAP staining were determined after 28 days of treatment. Mean bone mass in each group are 255.9±3.12mg for sham, 212,1±7.90mg for negative control, 268.93±11.12mg for positive control, 284.50±28.59mg for D1, 294.73±15.96mg for D2, and 277.43±24.38mg for D3. Mean calcium content in each group are 54.93±7.72 mg for sham, 44.37±4.86 mg for negative control, 53.26±3.16 mg for positive control, 53.73±1.22 mg for D1, 58.45±6.29 mg for D2, and 53.35±1.62 mg for D3. Mean of osteoclast numbers in cell/microscopic field of view are 26.6±2.88, 61.27±14.64, 21.6±3.5, 29.2±1.31, 22.53±1.45, 28.4±11.93 for sham, negative control, positive control, D1, D2, and D3 groups respectively. The results showed that L-cycloserine increases bone mass and calcium content, and reduces the number of osteoclasts.

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"[ABSTRAKOsteoporosis pada wanita menopause terjadi karena menurunnya hormon estrogen, pada kondisi ini dikaitkan dengan peningkatan resorpsi tulang oleh osteoklas serta penurunan kadar kalsium tulang. Kulit buah delima diketahui mengandung asam elagat yang diduga berpotensi sebagai selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) alami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat potensi yang terkandung dalam fraksi air dari ekstrak metanol kulit buah delima dalam menurunkan aktivitas osteoklas dan meningkatkan kadar kalsium tulang. Metode ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi bertingkat yang dimulai dari pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat kemudian air. Studi eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap in vivo pada tikus betina (Sprague-Dawley) sebanyak 42 tikus yang dibagi secara acak kedalam 7 kelompok terdiri dari: sham; OVX; ES (OVX+estradiol 0,1 mg/kg BB, p.o); TAM (OVX+tamoxifen 10 mg/kg BB, p.o); PI (OVX+fraksi air kulit buah delima 50 mg/kg BB, p.o); PII (OVX+ fraksi air kulit buah delima 100 mg/kg BB, p.o); PIII (OVX+ fraksi air kulit buah delima 200 mg/kg BB, p.o). Perlakuan dilakukan setiap hari selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok OVX, kelompok PIII (2,55 ± 0,70) memiliki jumlah sel osteoklas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan OVX (10,45 ± 1,55), sedangkan pada kadar kalsium tulang pemberian dosis 200 mg/kg BB pada kelompok PIII juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 2005,96 ± 404,91 bila dibandingkan dengan OVX yang memiliki kadar kalsium tulang sebesar 1277,69 ± 322,59. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah pemberian fraksi air kulit buah delima pada dosis 200 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan jumlah sel osteoklas dan meningkatkan kadar kalsium tulang pada pada tikus yang diovariektomi.

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ABSTRACTOsteoporosis in postmenopausal women occurs because of decreased estrogen, This condition is due to the increasment of bone resorption by osteoclasts and the decreasment of bone calcium levels. Pomegranate peel consist of ellagic acid which potentially work as a natural SERMs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential contained in the water fraction of the methanol extract of pomegranate peel in reducing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the bone calcium levels. The extraction method was conducted using methanol solvent followed by fractionation terraced that is began from solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The number of rats female samples in this experimental studies in vivo (Sprague-Dawley) were 42 rats, which is divided into 7 groups induced by ovariectomy (OVX) except the sham group. The group consists of sham; OVX; ES (OVX + estradiol 0.1 mg / kg, body weight p.o); TAM (OVX + tamoxifen 10 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PI (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 50 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 100 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PIII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 200 mg / kg, body weight p.o). The treatment is done every day for 28 days. The results of the PIII group is 2,55 ± 0,70 which is lower than the OVX group (10,45 ± 1,55), whereas in bone calcium levels, dosage of 200 mg / kg body weight in PIII group showing an increase of 2005.96 ± 404.91 compared to OVX the bone calcium levels by 1277.69 ± 322.59. The conclusion is water fraction of pomegranate peel application at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight able to reduce the num;Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women occurs because of decreased estrogen, This condition is due to the increasment of bone resorption by osteoclasts and the decreasment of bone calcium levels. Pomegranate peel consist of ellagic acid which potentially work as a natural SERMs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential contained in the water fraction of the methanol extract of pomegranate peel in reducing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the bone calcium levels. The extraction method was conducted using methanol solvent followed by fractionation terraced that is began from solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The number of rats female samples in this experimental studies in vivo (Sprague-Dawley) were 42 rats, which is divided into 7 groups induced by ovariectomy (OVX) except the sham group. The group consists of sham; OVX; ES (OVX + estradiol 0.1 mg / kg, body weight p.o); TAM (OVX + tamoxifen 10 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PI (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 50 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 100 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PIII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 200 mg / kg, body weight p.o). The treatment is done every day for 28 days. The results of the PIII group is 2,55 ± 0,70 which is lower than the OVX group (10,45 ± 1,55), whereas in bone calcium levels, dosage of 200 mg / kg body weight in PIII group showing an increase of 2005.96 ± 404.91 compared to OVX the bone calcium levels by 1277.69 ± 322.59. The conclusion is water fraction of pomegranate peel application at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight able to reduce the num, Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women occurs because of decreased estrogen, This condition is due to the increasment of bone resorption by osteoclasts and the decreasment of bone calcium levels. Pomegranate peel consist of ellagic acid which potentially work as a natural SERMs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential contained in the water fraction of the methanol extract of pomegranate peel in reducing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the bone calcium levels. The extraction method was conducted using methanol solvent followed by fractionation terraced that is began from solvent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and then methanol. The number of rats female samples in this experimental studies in vivo (Sprague-Dawley) were 42 rats, which is divided into 7 groups induced by ovariectomy (OVX) except the sham group. The group consists of sham; OVX; ES (OVX + estradiol 0.1 mg / kg, body weight p.o); TAM (OVX + tamoxifen 10 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PI (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 50 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 100 mg / kg, body weight p.o); PIII (OVX + water fraction of pomegranate peel 200 mg / kg, body weight p.o). The treatment is done every day for 28 days. The results of the PIII group is 2,55 ± 0,70 which is lower than the OVX group (10,45 ± 1,55), whereas in bone calcium levels, dosage of 200 mg / kg body weight in PIII group showing an increase of 2005.96 ± 404.91 compared to OVX the bone calcium levels by 1277.69 ± 322.59. The conclusion is water fraction of pomegranate peel application at a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight able to reduce the num]"

"[Pendahuluan: Congenital Talipes Equinovarus(CTEV) dan Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) merupakan salah satu kelainan kongenital tersering dalam sistem muskuloskeletal. Pada patogenesis CTEV dan DDH, terdapat persamaan kemungkinan etiologi yaitu pada gaya mekanik intra-uterin panggul dan kaki yang menimbulkan gangguan perkembangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi pasien CTEV yang menderita DDH, serta hubungan antara CTEV dengan timbulnya DDH.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi potong lintang. Dari data registrasi CTEV di Poliklinik Orthopaedi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2011-2012 ditemukan 91 orang anak dengan CTEV primer. Dilakukan skrining dengan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik untuk mengeksklusi pasien di luar rentang usia 6 bulan hingga 5 tahun, pasien dengan gangguan neuromuskular, dan kelainan kongenital. Terdapat 22 orang pasien yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut dan dilakukan pemeriksaan foto polos panggul untuk mengukur Indeks Acetabular (IA). IA<25° dinyatakan normal, 25-30° dinyatakan borderline DDH, dan >30° dinyatakan displasia berat.Temuan dan Diskusi Penelitian: Terdapat distribusi pasien yang homogen secara jenis kelamin (50% laki-laki, 50% perempuan), dan lokasi CTEV (50% bilateral, 50% unilateral). Didapatkan 19 subyek dengan IA di bawah 250 dan 1 subyek dengan IA antara 25-300. Didapatkan 2 subyek (9%) yang memiliki dysplastic hip dengan IA di atas nilai normal 300, kedua subyek tersebut memiliki bilateral CTEV dan menjalani serial casting ≥ 8 kali. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara prevalensi DDH dengan rentang usia (p = 1), dengan jenis kelamin (p = 0.89), dengan lokasi CTEV (p = 0.89), dan dengan frekuensi casting (p = 0.05). Walaupun begitu, prevalensi hip dysplasia pada CTEV cenderung terjadi pada anak dengan CTEV bilateral dan menjalani serial casting ≥ 10 kali sehingga temuan ini dapat menjadi makna yang penting secara klinis.Simpulan: Prevalensi displasia panggul pada anak CTEV berusia 6 bulan hingga 5 tahun pada penelitian ini adalah 9% dan cenderung dialami oleh anak dengan CTEV bilateral dan menjalani serial casting 8 kali atau lebih., Introduction: Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) are one of the most common pediatric orthopaedic problems ini musculoskeletal system. There is similar pathogenesis between CTEV and DDH in mechanical force that causes developmental disorders. The goals of this research are to determine the prevalence of CTEV that will suffer DDH in later time, and the relationship between CTEV and DDH.Methods: This is a descriptive analytic study with cross sectional design. Ninety one patients with primary CTEV were registered in Orthopaedic Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2011 and 2012. To exclude patients with neuromuscular disorders and congenital problems; screening is performed by conducting historical and physical examination. Patients between age 6 months and 5 years were included in this study. Twenty two patients met the criteria and pelvic x-ray was performed to measure the Acetabular Index (AI). AI<250 was considered normal; AI 25-300 was borderline DDH; and AI >300 was considered severe dysplasia.Result and Discussion: Patient distribution was homogenous in gender (50% are boys, 50% are girls), and the location of CTEV (50% bilateral and 50%). There were 19 subjects with AI lower than 250 and 1 subject with AI between 250-300. Both subjects underwent ≥ 8 times serial casting. There was no significant difference between DDH prevalence with age range (p = 1), with gender (p = 0.89), with CTEV location (p = 0.89), and with casting frequency (p = 0.05). However, dysplastic hip prevalence in CTEV tend to occur in bilateral CTEV with serial casting ≥ 10 times which could be important on clinical setting.Conclusion: Hip dysplasia prevalence on children with CTEV aged 6 months to 5 years was 9% and tend to occur in children with bilateral CTEV underwent ≥ 10 times serial casting.]"

"Defisiensi estrogen pada wanita post-menopausal berakibat pada menurunnya massa tulang seperti yang terlihat pada penderita osteoporosis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan pengganti estrogen sebagai terapi osteoporosis post-menopausal. Melalui penelitian ini diteliti efektifitas pegagan sebagai bahan pengganti estrogen. Terapi dengan pegagan berbagai konsentrasi pada tikus yang telah diovariektomi menunjukkan hasil peningkatan jumlah osteosit, diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah osteoklas namun tidak ada peningkatan jumlah osteoblas yang bermakna.

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Estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal women results in reduced bone quality as seen in osteoporotic patients. Thus, an alternative estrogen source is needed as post-menopausal osteoporosis therapy. In this research, the efectivity of Centella as phytoestrogens is examined. Therapy with Centella in different concentrations in ovariectomized rats shows increased number of osteocytes, followed by decreased number of osteoclasts but no significant increase of osteoblasts."

"Kacang hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) mengandung fitoestrogen berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai pengobatan preventif dan alternatif osteoporosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian sari kacang hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) terhadap densitas tulang dengan mengukur kadar kalsium femur menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) dan jumlah osteoklas dari preparat histologi yang dibuat dari bagian tibia tikus yang diovariektomi.Metode ovariektomi digunakan untuk mewakili kondisi osteoporosis yang dilakukan pada 36 tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley yang terbagi ke dalam 7 kelompok. Kelompok 1 (K1) yaitu kelompok Sham adalah kontrol tikus dengan pembedahan tanpa ovariektomi dan akuades, kelompok 2 (K2) yaitu kontrol negatif tikus ovariektomi dan diberi akuades, kelompok 3 (K3) adalah kontrol tikus ovariektomi yang diberi Estradiol, kelompok 4 (K4) adalah kontrol tikus ovariektomi yang diberi vit E, kelompok K5, K6, dan K7 adalah kelompok tikus yang diberikan sari kacang hijau 50 g/100 ml dengan variasi volume 5 ml/200 gBB, 2,5 ml/200 gBB, dan 1,25 ml/200 gBB tikus. Terhadap 6 kelompok kecuali kelompok sham dilakukan ovariektomi pada hari ke-1 kemudian diistirahatkan selama 20 hari. Bahan uji diberikan satu kali sehari secara oral pada hari ke 21 sampai hari ke 50. Pengukuran kadar kalsium dilakukan pada hari ke 51.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sari kacang hijau tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar kalsium tulang dan jumlah osteoklas terhadap hewan perlakuan.

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Greenbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) contained phytoestrogen suspected has a potential effect as an preventive and alternative treatment of osteoporosis. This study proposed to determine the effect of extracts of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) on bone density by measuring calcium levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (AAS) from femur and the number of osteoclasts collected from histological object which made from ovariectomized rat?s tibia.Ovariectomy method conducted to represent the osteoporosis condition on 36 female Sprague Dawley strain rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 notice as Sham was the rat control with surgery without ovariectomy and given with distilled water, group 2 as negative control is given distilled water and ovariectomized rat control, group 3 rat positive control were ovariectomized and is given estradiol, group 4 as positive control 2 rat were ovariectomized given vitamine E. Group 5, 6, and 7 are given the greenbean milk from 50 g/100 ml green bean by volume variation 5 ml/200 gBW, 2.5 ml/200 gBW, and 1.25 ml /200 gBW. Six groups had ovariectomized except sham group and rested for 20 days. Greenbean milk was given orally once daily started from day 21th until day 50th. Calcium concentration and osteoclas measurements process taken on day 51th.The results of bone calcium levels and osteoclast number showed that greenbean milk did not give significant differences among ovariectomized rats."

"Penggantian kepala radius dengan prostesis logam umum digunakan untuk fraktur kepala radius yang tidak dapat diperbaiki, namun sebagian besar prostesis dirancang berdasarkan karakteristik anatomi populasi Barat. Studi ini mengevaluasi rerata parameter antropometri tulang kepala radius pada populasi Indonesia dengan tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata dan menganalisis kesesuaiannya dengan prostesis komersial di Indonesia. Penelitian melibatkan 120 partisipan berusia 20–60 tahun dengan tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata (pria ≤166 cm, wanita ≤154 cm). Pengukuran meliputi diameter kepala radius, ketebalan, serta diameter leher radius yang dievaluasi melalui gambaran radiografi. Rata-rata diameter kepala minimal dan maksimal adalah 20,49 ± 1,90 mm dan 21,20 ± 1,99 mm, dengan ketebalan rata-rata 10,88 ± 1,37 mm. Korelasi sedang ditemukan antara tinggi badan dan beberapa parameter seperti ketebalan kepala dan diameter leher radius. Rata-rata parameter pada wanita lebih kecil dari pria secara signifikan (p<0,05). Tinggi badan memiliki hubungan erat dengan parameter antropometri kepala radius, khususnya pada dimensi sumbu longitudinal tulang. Perbedaan signifikan antara pria dan wanita menunjukkan kebutuhan desain prostesis yang spesifik untuk populasi ini. Penggunaan prostesis impor yang dirancang berdasarkan populasi Barat pada masyarakat Indonesia dengan tinggi badan di bawah rata-rata cenderung kurang sesuai, sehingga modifikasi desain yang sesuai dengan karakteristik anatomi populasi Indonesia diperlukan.

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Radial head replacement with metal prostheses is commonly used for irreparable radial head fractures; however, most prostheses are designed based on Western anatomical characteristics. This study evaluates the average anthropometric parameters of the radial head in Indonesians with below-average height and examines their compatibility with available prostheses in Indonesia. The study involved 120 participants aged 20–60 years with below-average height (≤166 cm for men, ≤154 cm for women). Measurements included radial head diameter, thickness, and neck diameter, obtained through radiographic imaging. The average minimum and maximum radial head diameters were 20.49 ± 1.90 mm and 21.20 ± 1.99 mm, with an average thickness of 10.88 ± 1.37 mm. Moderate correlations were found between height and parameters like radial head thickness and neck diameter. Measurements for women were significantly smaller than those for men (p<0.05). Height had a close relationship with anthropometric parameters of the radial head, particularly along the longitudinal axis. The significant male-female differences emphasize the need for prosthetic designs suited to this population. Prostheses designed for Western populations are likely incompatible with Indonesians of below-average height, underscoring the need for modifications that align with the anatomical characteristics of the Indonesian population."

"Pada masa kehamilan, terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan janin dan perubahan fisiologis tubuh ibu. Kurangnya asupan gizi pada masa kehamilan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi dan masalah kesehatan pada ibu dan janin. Kalsium merupakan salah satu mikronutrien yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan kepadatan tulang ibu dan pertumbuhan tulang dan gigi bayi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui korelasi antara kadar kalsium darah dengan asupan kalsium harian khususnya pada ibu hamil trimester pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 62 yang merupakan data sekunder dari penelitian primer yang dilakukan pada ibu hamil trimester pertama di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Data asupan diperoleh dengan menggunakan food frequency questionnaire, sedangkan kadar kalsium darah diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data diolah melalui uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji Spearman dengan software SPSS versi 22 Mac OS X. Dari penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 93,5% subjek memiliki kadar kalsium normal dan sebagian besar (91,9%) subjek tidak mencapai angka kecukupan kalsium harian. Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kadar kalsium darah dengan asupan kalsium ibu hamil trimester pertama (p=0,803). Dibutuhkan penelitian yang lebih komprehensif terkait faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar kalsium darah ibu hamil trimester pertama.

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During pregnancy, the needs for most nutrients are increased to meet the demands of growing fetal and physiologic changes of the mother. Nutrient deficiency in pregnancy causes malnutrition and several problems of maternal and fetal health. Calcium is needed for maintaining bone density of mother and fetal development of bone and teeth. This research helps to find out the correlation between blood calcium level and daily calcium intake in first trimester pregnant women. This is a cross sectional research with 62 samples gathered from secondary data by the primary research done to pregnant women in several hospitals in Jakarta. The data of calcium intake is acquired from food frequency questionnaire, while blood calcium level is acquired from cilinical laboratory measurement by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The data is analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman’s test in SPSS for Mac OS X version 22 software. It is found that 93,5% of the subjects have normal blood calcium level, but 91,9 % of them do not meet the minimum requirement of daily calcium intake. There is no correlation between blood calcium level and daily calcium intake (p=0.803). More comprehensive studies associated to other factors determining blood calcium level are needed."