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"Masyarakat Jawa percaya apabila seseorang melanggar ajaran gugon tuhon, maka dia harus menghadapi konsekuensinya. Gugon tuhon telah tertanam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari; sehingga, penting untuk digali bagaimana keterkaitannya dengan relasi kekuasaan dan ideologi dominan. Makalah proyek akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana makna diproduksi atau dikodekan dan dikonsumsi atau didekodekan dalam gugon tuhon “asli” dan dari teks-teks gugon tuhon dalam Serat Gugon tuhon (1911), yang digunakan sebagai korpus utama dalam penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis tekstual dan etnografi terutama FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kontestasi terhadap ideologi patriarki dominan pada produksi makna dalam kaitannya dengan kepantasan bersikap, peran domestik, dan hubungan romantis, baik dalam teks “asli” maupun interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gugon tuhon mengonstruksi bagaimana perempuan diposisikan dalam masyarakat, pasif dan tunduk pada laki-laki serta dibatasi dalam ruang domestik dengan aturan-aturan tertentu. Namun, ada beberapa ambiguitas dan pemaknaan berlapis dalam penelitian mengungkap bagaimana makna dikonstruksi dan direkonstruksi secara dinamis dari teks asli ke teks interpretasi. Dalam proses konsumsi dan decoding, temuan menunjukkan bahwa responden menerima, menegosiasikan, atau menentang makna dominan yang ditawarkan teks.

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Javanese people believe that violating teaching in gugon tuhon, will bring some consequences. Gugon tuhon has been embedded in everyday lives; therefore, exploring how it is associated with power relations and dominant ideology is significant. This mini thesis aims to explore how meaning is produced (encoded) and consumed (decoded) in the “original” gugon tuhon and gugon tuhon texts in Serat Gugon Tuhon (1911), which are used as the main corpus of the research. The method of analysis is textual analysis and ethnography, mainly FGD. This research explores contestation toward dominant patriarchal ideology in the production of meaning concerning the appropriateness of attitudes, domestic roles, and romantic relationship, both in “original” text and interpretation. Research findings show that gugon tuhon constructs how women are positioned in society, passive and submissive towards men and restricted in domestic space with spesific rules. However, there are some ambiguities and multiple layers of meanings as the research uncovers how meaning is dynamically constructed and reconstructed from the original saying to interpretation texts. In the process of consumption and decoding, findings show that respondents affirm, negotiate or contest the meanings offered by texts."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas konstruksi gender dalam drama televisi Gomenne Seishun. Bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana konstruksi gender ditunjukkan dalam Gomenne Seishun terutama melalui aspek naratif dan visual. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis yang membahas segi naratif dan visual objek penelitian. Analisis menggunakan struktur naratif dari Algirdas Julian Greimas sebagai landasan teori, dan teori wacana feminisme oleh Judith P. Butler sebagai landasan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gomenne Seishun merepresentasikan konstruksi gender masyarakat Jepang dari segi struktur dan narasinya.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis is about gender construction in television drama Gomenne Seishun. The aim of this thesis is to describe how Gomenne Seishun shows resistance against gender construction from narrative and visual aspects. This research uses descriptive analitic method which discusses narrative and visual aspects of the research object. The analysis based on narrative structural theory by Algirdas Julian Greimas as basis theory, and theory of feminism by Judith P. Butler as basis conceptual. This research found that Gomenne Seishun representate the resistance against gender construction in Japan society by the structure and naration."

"Gugon tuhon merupakan kearifan lokal masyarakat Jawa yang umumnya berisi ajaran tentang apa yang sebaiknya dilakukan dalam masyarakat. Ajaran tersebut dipercaya apabila tidak dilakukan, maka dapat menimbulkan kesengsaran bagi pelakunya. Ajaran berupa pernyataan dan larangan yang menjadi sumber rujukan instrumen berasal dari gugon tuhon yang diambil dari sastra.org. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi gugon tuhon yang paling dikenal anak dan pemahamannya berdasarkan perbedaan usia. Peserta penelitian ini adalah anak usia sekolah dasar yang terbagi dalam 3 kelas yaitu kelas 1, 3, dan 5 di Wates, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yen nengahimamah, nanedha aja cecaturan, mundhak keselak adalah gugon tuhon yang paling dikenal anak. Hasil penelitian selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa usia memengaruhi pemahaman anak terhadap gugon tuhon. Semakin tinggi usia anak, maka pemahaman anak akan aturan budayanya semakin baik.

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Gugon tuhon is a Javanese local wisdom which generally teaches the rules or norms in society. It is believed that someone would get caught of suffering if he was doing some thing wrong. Statements and prohibitions are forms of gugon tuhon which taken from sastra.org. The purpose of this study is to identify themost gugon tuhon that children know about and to identify their understanding of gugon tuhon by their age. The participants of this study are school age children who live in Wates, Yogyakarta, grouped into Grade 1, 3, and 5 of elementary school. We conduct a survey on the use of gugon tuhon by using questionnaires. Itis found that yen nengahi mamah, nanedha aja cecaturan, mundhak keselak is themost gugon tuhon that known by the childrens. The other result is the higher ageof the childrens, the more understanding childrens to the rules of their culture."

"ABSTRAKKarya sastra anak kerapkali memperkuat gagasan gender, entah itu melalui representasi gender, konstruksi gender, dll. Sebagai kerangka teoretisnya, penelitian ini bergantung pada teori Judith Butler tentang identitas yang dibangun secara sosial dan teori esensialisme gender untuk mempelajari konstruksi identitas gender tokoh utama dalam The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane karya Kate Dicamillo. Dalam teorinya, Judith menyatakan bahwa identitas gender kita adalah produk konstruksi sosial yang diabadikan melalui wacana-wacana untuk menciptakan rasa identitas yang melekat; yang berarti bahwa itu bukan proses alami. Sebaliknya, pendekatan esensialisme pada identitas gender menekankan bahwa ada esensi sejati dalam identitas gender kita. Makalah ini, dengan demikian, berfokus pada analisis kontestasi antara konstruksi sosial identitas gender dan esensialisme gender yang dipostulasikan dalam buku ini. Jurnal ini juga mengkaji bagaimana konstruksi identitas gender Edward - yang digambarkan melalui konstruksi sosial ndash; sebetulnya mengemukakan ide esensialisme gender.

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ABSTRACTChildren 39;s literature often reinforces the idea of gender, whether it is through the representation of genders, the construction of genders, etc. As its theoretical framework, this study depends on Judith Butler 39;s theory of socially constructed identity and the theory of gender essentialism to study gender identity construction of the main character in Kate Dicamillo 39;s The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane. In her theory, Judith states that our gender identity is a product of social construction that is perpetuated through discourses to achieve a sense of inherent identity, meaning that it is not a natural process. On the contrary, essentialism approach on gender identity stresses that there is a true essence in our gender identity. This paper, thus, focuses on analyzing the contestation between the social construction of gender identity and gender essentialism that is postulated in the book. It also examines how the construction of Edward 39;s gender identity mdash;which is articulated to be embodying a socially constructed identity mdash;propounds the idea of gender essentialism."

"Laki-laki dan perempuan adalah sistem biner pada gender yang normatif yang hadir di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Namun, terdapat pula variasi identitas gender lainnya, meliputi transgender, agender, genderqueer, androginitas, atau kombinasi dari identitas- id ent it as t ersebut . Selain it u t erd apat pula variasi orient asi seksual, sepert i heteroseksual, homoseksual, dan aseksual. Variasi identitas gender dan orientasi seksual dapat dipengaruhi oleh peran sosial dan pengalaman traumatis, yang terlihat dalam film Indonesia Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku (2018). Fokus penelitian ada pada konstruksi identitas gender tokoh utama, Juno. Film dibedah menggunakan teori film Boggs dan Petrie untuk membedah aspek naratif dan sinematografis, kajian gender Judith Butler, dan kajian queer Brett Beemyn dan Eliason untuk membedah ideologi teks. Ketertarikan terhadap laki-laki menjadi hasil dari peran pengalaman traumatis Juno d alam mengonst ruksi id ent it as gend ernya, sed angkan peran sosial menghasilkan konstruksi identitas gender Juno yang mengarah pada adanya sifat-sifat feminin di dalam tubuh Juno yang secara alami maskulin. Dilihat dari posisi film, identitas gender Juno adalah non-biner yang perlu dihargai dan boleh hadir di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Terdapat adanya kritik film terhadap kepura-puraan masyarakat identitas non-biner yang menjalani kehidupan sesuai norma heteroseksualitas.

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Men and women are binary systems on normative gender that are present in society. However, other variations of gender identity are also present in society, including transgender, agender, genderqueer, androgynous, or a combination of those identities. There are also variations of sexual identity, such as heterosexual, homosexual, and asexual. Variations in gender identity and sexual identity can be influenced by social roles and traumatic experiences of the individual which depicted in the Indonesian film Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku (2018). The research focuses on the construction of the main character's gender identity. The film is analyzed using Boggs and Petrie’s film theory to dissect the narrative and cinematographic aspects of the film, Judith Butler’s gender studies, and queer studies from Brett Beemyn and Eliason to dissect the ideology of the text. The attraction to men is the result of Juno's traumatic experience in constructing his gender identity, while social roles result in Juno's gender identity construction which leads to the presence of feminine traits in Juno's naturally masculine body. Judging from the film's position, Juno's gender identity is placed as a non-binary that needs to be respected and allowed to be present in society. There is also film criticism against the pretense of society with its non-binary identity who lives a life according to the norms of heterosexuality."

"Penelitian bahasa dan gender menyebutkan bahwa pria dan wanita menggunakan bahasa yang berbeda. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, hal tersebut tidak dapat digeneralisasikan karena faktor perbedaan sosial budaya dan konteks pembicaraan. Selain bahasa, pria dan wanita juga dianggap memiliki cara yang berbeda dalam mengungkapkan emosi. Masyarakat umumnya menganggap bahwa wanita lebih ekspresif dalam mengungkapkan emosi dibanding pria. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan penggunaan bahasa emosi berdasarkan gender. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah 14 cerpen Kompas yang diunggah pada situs ruangsastra.com dengan rincian tujuh cerpen pada tiap-tiap gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengacu pada teori bahasa emosi dari Kövecses (2004) dan teori bahasa dan gender dari Holmes (2013) dan Kuntjara (2011). Emosi yang dilihat mengacu pada lima emosi dasar dari Davitz dan Mattis (1964), yaitu bahagia, cinta, sedih, takut, dan marah. Data yang diperhatikan adalah kalimat yang mengandung bahasa emosi yang memiliki makna literal dan makna figuratif yang terlihat pada penggunaan metafora dan metonimi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis makna berdasarkan emosi dan frekuensi penggunaannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik pria maupun wanita dapat menggunakan bahasa emosi dengan makna literal dan makna figuratif.

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Language and gender research shows that each gender uses different languages. But, this can not be generalized due to socio-cultural differences and the context of the conversation. In addition to the use of languages, men and women are also considered to have different ways of expressing emotions. People generally assume that women are more expressive in expressing emotions than men. Based on that background, this research aims to explain the use of emotion language based on gender. This research uses 14 short stories from Kompas uploaded on the ruangsastra.com site as data source, with seven short stories for each gender. This research uses a qualitative method with the theory of emotion language from Kövecses (2004) and language and gender theories from Holmes (2013) and Kuntjara (2011). The emotions seen refer to the five basic emotions from Davitz and Mattis (1964), namely happiness, love, sadness, fear, and anger. The data considered are sentences containing emotion language with literal and figurative meanings seen in metaphors and metonymy usage. Then, the data are analyzed for meaning based on emotion and usage frequency. The results of this research indicate that both men and women can use emotion language with literal and figurative meanings."

"ABSTRAKSetelah perang kemerdekaan dari Prancis (1954 ? 1962), Aljazair mengalami perang saudara pada tahun 1990an antara agama dan pemerintah yang menyebabkan perempuan menjadi korban dengan pembatasan aktivitas mereka. Beberapa perempuan tidak menerima keadaan tersebut dan melakukan emansipasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Salah satu penulis perempuan feminis Aljazair adalah Maïssa Bey dengan karya pertamanya, yaitu Au commencement était la mer. Di dalam novel ini, Bey mendeskripsikan diskriminasi gender yang dialami oleh perempuan Aljazair pada masa tersebut serta perlawanan terhadap diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dan laki-laki. Melalui analisis unsur intrinsik yang menggunakan teori struktural Roland Barthes mengenai hubungan sintagmatik dan paradigmatik dan teori sekuen M. P. Schmitt dan Alain Viala, ditemukan tiga bentuk diskriminasi gender dalam novel ini, yaitu stereotip, marginalisasi, dan subordinasi. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa laki-laki ataupun perempuan dapat menjadi pelaku ataupun penentang diskriminasi. Perlawanan yang dilakukan terhadap diskriminasi gender berupa penggugatan stereotip serta dukungan terhadap emansipasi perempuan untuk menghilangkan marginalisasi, sedangkan subordinasi masih belum dapat dihindari karena berkaitan dengan budaya patriarkal yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam diskriminasi gender ini.

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ABSTRACTAfter the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeria experienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that led to women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women did not accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerian feminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement était la mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced by Algerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men. Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of Roland Barthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and Alain Viala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in this novel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, also known that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination. The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well as supporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereas subordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchal culture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination."

"Konstruksi gender merupakan sebuah masalah yang sudah ada sejak dulu hingga sekarang. Permasalahan tersebut muncul antara laki-laki dan perempuan karena adanya banyak perbedaan dalam peran yang dimiliki, fungsi, dan tanggung jawab. Konstruksi gender bahkan sudah terlihat saat bayi baru lahir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari tahu bagaimana perbandingan konstruksi gender dalam poster iklan rokok Belanda (Caballero 1980, Caballero 1995, dan Marlboro 1999) dengan poster iklan rokok dari Indonesia (Djarum Super 1985, Djarum Super 1989, dan Gudang Garam 1999). Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teori semiotika Roland Barthes mengenai makna denotasi dan konotasi, penelitian ini membandingkan representasi konstruksi gender berdasarkan teori J. MacInnes pada tiga poster iklan rokok Belanda dengan tiga poster iklan rokok Indonesia. Analisis menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa poster iklan rokok Indonesia lebih banyak memunculkan konstruksi gender dibandingkan poster iklan rokok Belanda. Poster iklan rokok Belanda memperlihatkan nilai toleransi lebih tinggi karena tokoh dengan gender yang berbeda digambarkan sebagai individu yang setara.

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Gender construction is a problem that has existed until now. These problems arise because of the differences in roles, functions and responsibilities between men and women. Gender construction can even be seen when a new baby is born. This study aims to compare gender construction in Dutch cigarette advertising posters (Caballero 1980, Caballero 1995, and Marlboro 1999) with cigarette advertising posters from Indonesia (Djarum Super 1985, Djarum Super 1989, and Gudang Garam 1999). This research uses a descriptive qualitative method and Roland Barthes' semiotic theory which discusses the meaning of denotation and connotation. This study compares the representation of gender construction based on J. MacInnes theory on three Dutch cigarette advertisement posters with three Indonesian cigarette advertisement posters. The analysis concludes that Indonesian cigarette advertisement posters generate more gender constructs than Dutch cigarette advertisement posters. Dutch cigarette advertisement posters show a higher tolerance value because characters with different genders are depicted as equal individuals."

"ABSTRAK Setelah perang kemerdekaan dari Prancis (1954 ? 1962), Aljazairmengalami perang saudara pada tahun 1990an antara agama dan pemerintah yangmenyebabkan perempuan menjadi korban dengan pembatasan aktivitas mereka.Beberapa perempuan tidak menerima keadaan tersebut dan melakukanemansipasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Salah satu penulis perempuan feminisAljazair adalah Maïssa Bey dengan karya pertamanya, yaitu Au commencementétait la mer. Di dalam novel ini, Bey mendeskripsikan diskriminasi gender yangdialami oleh perempuan Aljazair pada masa tersebut serta perlawanan terhadapdiskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dan laki-laki. Melalui analisis unsurintrinsik yang menggunakan teori struktural Roland Barthes mengenai hubungansintagmatik dan paradigmatik dan teori sekuen M. P. Schmitt dan Alain Viala,ditemukan tiga bentuk diskriminasi gender dalam novel ini, yaitu stereotip,marginalisasi, dan subordinasi. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa laki-laki ataupunperempuan dapat menjadi pelaku ataupun penentang diskriminasi. Perlawananyang dilakukan terhadap diskriminasi gender berupa penggugatan stereotip sertadukungan terhadap emansipasi perempuan untuk menghilangkan marginalisasi,sedangkan subordinasi masih belum dapat dihindari karena berkaitan denganbudaya patriarkal yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam diskriminasi gender ini.ABSTRACT After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination."