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"Growing numbers of employees, consumers, and investors want companies to be truly good; these stakeholders will accept lower economic returns in order to support companies that prioritize sustainability, fair wages, and fair trade. Unlike charities or non-profit organizations, such companies - or social enterprises - are not only permitted but also expected to produce an economic return for investors. Yet, unlike traditional business ventures, social enterprises have no obligation to maximize profits, even on a long-term basis. In this comprehensive volume, Benjamin Means and Joseph W. Yockey bring together leading legal scholars and practitioners to offer an authoritative guide to social enterprise law and policy. The Cambridge Handbook of Social Enterprise Law takes stock of the field and charts a course for its future development. It should be read by entrepreneurs, investors, practitioners, academics, students and anyone else interested in how companies are evolving to address new demands for capitalism with a conscience."

"Konsep Tanggung Jawab Sosial CSR menjadi semakin populer di dunia bisnis dan juga hukum, dimana dilihat sebagai kesempatan untuk korporasi untuk memperindah citra perusahaan dan juga memberikan nilai jual yg unik. Dalam konsep ini memerlukan perusahaan untuk mempertimbangkan kepentingan semua pemangku kepentingan perusahaan dan mematuhi triple bottom line. Di sektor bisnis hulu migas ada mekanisme cost recovery. Ini memungkinkan pemulihan biaya untuk biaya pelaksanaan pengembangan masyarakat oleh kontraktor. Pengembangan masyarakat tersebut merupakan kewajiban Kontraktor dan juga merupakan bagian dari skema besar CSR. Kewajiban tersebut di atas mencakup kewajiban dalam merencanakan, membiayai, melaksanakan, dan melaporkan. Situasi tersebut mengakibatkan adanya pergeseran beban dalam membiayai program tersebut, dimana sekarang Negara memiliki tanggung jawab dalam membiayai program tersebut. Akibatnya terjadi inkonsistensi dengan pemahaman dasar dan juga hukum positif yang mengatur masalah CSR. Di sinilah adanya perbedaan dengan pengertian dan definisi CSR yang menjelaskan sebagai komitmen dan tanggung jawab perusahaan dan bukan yang lainnya. Ini juga menyimpang dari asas dasar pertanggungjawaban, di sinilah Negara juga mempertanggungjawabkan tindakan Perusahaan. Akibatnya, hal itu menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum mengenai masalah penganggaran dan pembiayaan CSR.

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The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility becomes more popular in the business and also legal world, as it is seen as an opportunity for company to improve corporate image and also provide unique selling point. Under here it requires company to consider the interest of all stakeholders of the company and adhere to the triple bottom line. In the sector of upstream oil gas business it exist the mechanism of cost recovery. It permits the cost recovery for the expenses on the implementation of Community Development by the contractor. Such Community Development is the obligation of Contractor and also a part of the grand scheme of CSR. The aforesaid obligation encompasses the obligation in planning, financing, execution, and reporting. The situation resulted in the shift of burden in financing such program, where now the State has the responsibility in financing such program. Consequently translates into the inconformity with the basic understanding and also positive law regulating the matter of CSR. This is where exist the difference with the understanding and definition of CSR that explains as the commitment and the responsibility of the company and not other. It also deviates from the basic principle of accountability, this is where the State also held accountable for the Company rsquo s action. Consequently it creates a legal uncertainty on the matter of the budgeting and financing of CSR."

""Defining 'social entrepreneurship' has in the past proved problematic, and debate continues concerning what it does and does not entail and encompass. This unique book frames the debates surrounding the phenomenon and argues that many of the difficulties relating to the study of social entrepreneurship are rooted in methodological issues. Highlighting these issues, the book sets out ideas and implications for researchers using alternative methodologies. Contributors expertly present practical guides for researchers, setting out appropriate strategies and methods that can be adopted to explore and understand social entrepreneurship. Chapters deal with research strategies such as storytelling, action research and the case study, as well as the methods appropriate for understanding discourse, large data sets, and networks. The book also explores some challenges for researchers, and will be of particular interest to early career researchers or researchers first approaching the field." --Publisher's website."

"Social entrepreneurship and social business' addresses a range of topics in the field, including the history of social entrepreneurship, business models and performance measurement."

"In recent years, social innovation has experienced a steep career. Numerous national governments and large organisations like the OECD, the European Commission and UNESCO have adopted the term. Social innovation basically means that people adopt new social practices in order to meet social needs in a different or more effective way. Prominent examples of the past are the Red Cross and the social welfare state or, at present, the internet 2.0 transforming our communication and cooperation schemes, requiring new management concepts, even empowering social revolutions. The traditional concept of innovation as successful new technological products needs fundamental rethinking in a society marked by knowledge and services, leading to a new and enriched paradigm of innovation. There is multiple evidence that social innovation will become of growing importance not only concerning social integration, equal opportunities and dealing with the greenhouse effects but also with regard to preserving and expanding the innovative capacity of companies and societies. While political authorities stress the social facets of social innovation, this book also encompasses its societal and systemic dimensions, collecting the scientific expertise of renowned experts and scholars from all over the world. Based on the contributions of the first world-wide science convention on social innovation from September 2011 in Vienna, the book provides an overview of scientific approaches to this still relatively new field."

"Shaping Social Enterprise' offers the first tested framework that helps identify institutional influences affecting social enterprise. For well over a decade, scholars and practitioners have known that social enterprise looks different in different contexts but few have attempted to understand why. Kerlin's work in this area is the first to consider the influence of large institutions such as government, economy, civil society, and culture on the development of social enterprise. This book provides an in-depth assessment of Kerlin's theoretically-based framework for understanding these institutional and other influences by means of quantitative analysis as well as qualitative critiques from eight countries that help validate and refine it. The concluding chapter offers a revision of the framework based on the critiques. New features include more attention to culture and micro- and meso-level forces as well as the introduction of optional framework components that address rarely occurring country situations. Two new social enterprise country models are also added and new applications of the framework are detailed."

"ABSTRAKPengaturan dan Penerapan mengenai kewajiban Corporate Social Responsibility diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) tersebut berbentuk Community Development yang dilaksanakan oleh Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama (KKKS) selaku Bentuk Usaha Tetap (BUT) yang berkegiatan usaha di Indonesia, khususnya di sektor Perminyakan dan Gas Bumi. Namun, dalam pelaksanaan CSR oleh Bentuk Usaha Tetap tersebut belum sepenuhnya diterapkan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kasus terkait dengan permasalahan itu adalah Perusahaan X yang melakukan pelaksanaan CSR di sekitar wilayah operasinya kurang sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Peraturan Pusat yang berlaku di Indonesia dan masalah mengenai beberapa pembiayaan dari program community development yang termasuk di dalam expenses cost recovery. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah pemahaman mengenai pengaturan dan penerapan CSR oleh suatu Bentuk Usaha tetap di indonesia, dan analisis kasus Perusahaan X yang digunakan untuk menganalisis kasus adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pemahaman terhadap penerapan dan pengaturan CSR hanya melihat pada ketentuan yang diberikan oleh peraturan perundangundangan saja dan bukan menjadi suatu kesadaran moral bagi pelaku usaha sehingga penerapan CSR oleh Bentuk Usaha Tetap masih terdapat banyak kekurangan. Selain itu, penggunaan cost recovery sebagai sumber dana CSR yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan X sejak masa eksploitasi termasuk dalam penyimpangan dan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan yang tercantum dalam undang-undang.

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ABSTRACTSetting and implementation of the Corporate Social Responsibility obligations governed by Law No. 22 Year 2001 on Oil and Gas. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the form of Community Development conducted by the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) as a Permanent Establishment (PE) that activism efforts in Indonesia, especially in the Oil and Gas sector. However, in the implementation of CSR by permanent establishments are not yet completely implemented in accordance with the legislation in force in Indonesia. Case the issue is related to Company X that performs the implementation of CSR around the area of operation is less completely in accordance with the regulations in force at the Central of Indonesia and some issues concerning the financing of community development programs are included in the cost recovery expenses. Issues raised in this paper is an understanding of the setting and implementation of CSR by a fixed establishments in Indonesia, and Company X case analysis is used to analyze the case is normative. Results from this study is an understanding of the application and setting CSR just look at the provisions provided by the legislation only and is not to be a moral conscience for the business so that the implementation of CSR by permanent establishments there are still many shortcomings. In addition, the use of cost recovery as a source of funds CSR conducted by Company X since the time of exploitation, including the irregularities and violations of the provisions contained in the legislation."

"The introduction of the Affordable Care Act in the United States, the increasing use of prescription drugs, and the alleged abuse of racial profiling by police are just some of the factors contributing to twenty-first-century social problems. The Cambridge Handbook of Social Problems offers a wide-ranging roster of the social problems currently pressing for attention and amelioration. Unlike other works in this area, it also gives great consideration to theoretical and methodological discussions. This Handbook will benefit both undergraduate and graduate students eager to understand the sociology of social problems. It is suitable for classes in social problems, current events, and social theory. Featuring the most current research, the Handbook provides an especially useful resource for sociologists and graduate students conducting research."

"This ambitious two-volume handbook of social theory consists of forty original contributions. The researchers take stock of the state of social theory and its relationship to the canon, exploring such topics as the nature, purpose, and meaning of social theory; the significance of the classics; the impact of specific individual and theory schools; and more. Both volumes reflect a mixture of what intellectual historian Morton White distinguished as the 'annalist of ideas' and the 'analyst of ideas,' locating theoretical thought within the larger socio-historical context that shaped it - within the terrain of the sociology of knowledge. Exploring the contemporary relevance of theories in a manner that is historically situated and sensitive, this impressive and comprehensive set will likely stand the test of time."