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"Deteksi dini yang menghasilkan peringatan dini terjadinya kebakaran hutan di Indonesia, yang sangat terkait dengan praktik pengelolaan lahan (termasuk lahan gambut), diperlukan untuk memitigasi kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia. Riau dipilih dalam penelitian ini karena kerentanannya terhadap kebakaran hutan. Keterpencilan wilayah ini menjadi salah satu alasan untuk mengembangkan alat peringatan alternatif menggunakan informasi meteorologi dan media sosial. Penilaian untuk mempelajari korelasi antara indeks meteorologi terkait kebakaran dan informasi Twitter dengan kebakaran hutan antara tahun 2015-2019 dilakukan. Analisis isi dilakukan untuk 31 berita lokal online terkait kebakaran. Pendekatan yang ada yang digunakan BMKG dan lembaga Indonesia lainnya untuk mendeteksi aktivitas kebakaran ditinjau, dan pendekatan baru berdasarkan informasi crowdsourcing meteorologi dan Twitter diusulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara informasi meteorologi dan Twitter dengan informasi hotspot yang berasal dari satelit. Berita online memberikan wawasan tentang masalah dalam kebijakan mitigasi kebakaran. Implikasi kebijakan dari hasil ini menyarankan bahwa informasi meteorologi dan Twitter perlu dimasukkan dalam sistem manajemen kebakaran di Indonesia untuk mendukung deteksi dini kebakaran sebagai bagian dari upaya mitigasi bencana kebakaran dan pendekatan kebijakan top-down diperlukan pada saat terjadinya kejadian cuaca ekstrim terkait kebakaran hutan.

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Early detection that results in early warning of forest fires occurrences in Indonesia, which are strongly related to land management practices (including peatlands), is necessary to mitigate land and forest fires in Indonesia. Riau has been chosen in this study because of its vulnerability to forest fires. The remoteness of this region is one reason for developing alternative warning tools using meteorological and social media information. Assessment to study the correlation between 2015-2019 fires related meteorological indices and Twitter information with the forest fires was conducted. Content analysis was also performed for 31 online local online newss related to fires. Existing approaches that the BMKG and other Indonesian agencies use to detect fire activities are reviewed, and a novel approach based on crowdsourcing of meteorological and Twitter information is proposed. The results show a correlation between meteorological and Twitter information with satellites derived hotspot information. Online news do provide insights into problems in fires mitigation policy. The policy implications of these results suggest that information should be included in the fire management system in Indonesia to support fire early detection as part of fire disaster mitigation efforts and the top-down policy approach is needed during the occurrence of extreme weather events related to forest fires."

"[ABSTRAKKebakaran lahan dan hutan merupakan ancaman terhadap lingkungan hidup.Kebakaran lahan dan hutan dipengaruhi oleh pola penggunaan lahan untukbudidaya. Karakteristik wilayah rawan kebakaran di Kabupaten Pelalawan adalahwilayah yang memiliki kawasan hutan dengan fungsi hutan produksi konversi danhutan produksi terbatas; memiliki tutupan lahan dengan jenis hutan lahan keringsekunder, semak belukar, semak belukar rawa dan tanah terbuka; serta memilikijenis tanah dan sistem lahan berupa endapan aluvial dan tanah mineral perbukitanrendah, serta jenis tanah gambut dengan kedalaman rendah sampai sedang.Kemunculan hotspot sebagai indikator kebakaran lahan dan hutan memilikihubungan dengan pola curah hujan rendah yang terjadi dua kali selama setahun diPelalawan, yaitu antara Januari─Februari dan yang paling ekstrim padaJuli─Agustus. Langkah mitigasi kebakaran yang dilakukan pemerintah belumdiikuti dengan alternatif solusi budidaya tanam tanpa api. Perubahan budidayajenis tanaman semusim ke tanaman keras adalah bentuk adaptasi yang dilakukanmasyarakat. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh nyata terhadap peluangterjadinya kebakaran lahan dan hutan. Tekanan terhadap penguasaan ruangsebagai dampak dari pembangunan mempengaruhi kearifan lokal penggunaan apidalam pengelolaan lahan. Terbatasnya akses terhadap modal perekonomianmenjadi salah satu faktor penghambat trasformasi sosial ekonomi dan budaya daripertanian subsisten menjadi agraris, sehingga penggunaan api masih menjadibagian dari budaya pengelolaan lahan.

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ABSTRACTLand and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture., Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.]"

"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan bencana alam yang terjadi berulang hampir setiap tahun di Indonesia, dan mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar maupun bagi lingkungan. Penggunaan data satelit penginderaan jauh dalam menurunkan informasi fire hotspot dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pemantauan kebakaran lahan gambut (peat) dan tanah mineral (non-peat) di Indonesia. Sistem pemantauan harian sangat diperlukan untuk membantu pemangku kepentingan di lapangan dalam mengambil tindakan mitigasi bencana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sebuah model filtering dan clustering untuk deteksi dini kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia dengan data sensor Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) dari satelit Suomi NPP dan NOAA-20 menggunakan metode Euclidean distance. Model filtering dan clustering digunakan untuk menyederhanakan jumlah fire hotspot yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kepentingan di lapangan ketika terjadi kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Model filtering dilakukan dengan cara membangun peta hotspot per tahun dengan kejadian pengulangan melebihi suatu ambang batas, dan peta tersebut akan digunakan sebagai filter dari data fire hotspot yang dihasilkan. Model clustering dilakukan dengan menggunakan menghitung jarak Euclidean antar titik fire hotspot yang dihasilkan, jika jaraknya memenuhi 1,5 kali ukuran piksel maka titik fire hotspot tersebut akan dikelompokkan menjadi satu cluster. Nilai akurasi dievaluasi berdasarkan estimasi luas kebakaran, peta burned area, dan peta lahan gambut dari setiap kejadian kebakaran yang dilaporkan petugas lapangan. Hasil pengolahan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa akurasi efektif pada data VIIRS yaitu pada jarak 1,5 km atau empat kali ukuran pikselnya dari pusat kebakaran. Akurasi deteksi secara umum untuk cluster hotspot (cluster-HS) dan titik hotspot (titik-HS) masing-masing sebesar 52% dan 53%. Untuk wilayah yang luasnya lebih dari 14 ha, akurasinya menjadi sangat baik yaitu sampai dengan sebesar 83%. Analisis dengan pemilahan lahan gambut dan tanah mineral menunjukkan cluster-HS berkinerja lebih baik di lahan gambut dengan akurasi sebesar 62% dibandingkan di lahan tanah mineral sebesar 57%. Tanpa mengurangi ketepatan pengamatan titik api, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model dapat diandalkan untuk membantu pemangku kepentingan di lapangan dalam mengambil tindakan. Oleh karena itu, model ini dapat diimplementasikan ke dalam pemantauan hotspot harian di Indonesia.

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In Indonesia, forest and land fires are frequent natural catastrophes that do significant damage to the environment and economy. The use of remote sensing satellite data to derive fire hotspot information can be used to monitor peat and non-peat land fires in Indonesia. A daily monitoring system is very necessary to assist stakeholders in the field in taking disaster mitigation actions. The aim of this research is to build a filtering and clustering model for early detection of forest and land fires in Indonesia using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor data from the Suomi NPP and NOAA-20 satellites using the Euclidean distance method. The filtering and clustering model is used to simplify the number of fire hotspots which is very useful for interests in the field when forest and land fires occur. The filtering model is carried out by building a persistent hotspot map per year with repeated events exceeding a threshold, and this map will be used as a filter for the resulting fire hotspot data. The clustering model is carried out by calculating the Euclidean distance between the resulting fire hotspot points. If the distance is 1.5 times the pixel size, the fire hotspot points will be grouped into one cluster. Accuracy values ​​are evaluated based on estimates of fire area, burned area maps, and peatland maps for each fire incident reported by field officers. The results of processing and analysis show that the effective accuracy of VIIRS data is at a distance of 1.5 km or four times the pixel size from the center of the fire. The general detection accuracy for hotspot clusters (cluster-HS) and hotspot points (point-HS) is 52% and 53%, respectively. For areas larger than 14 ha, the accuracy is very good, namely up to 83%. Analysis by separating peat and non-peat land shows that the HS-cluster performs better on peat land with an accuracy of 62% compared to 57% on non-peat land. Without reducing the accuracy of hotspot observations, this research shows that the model can be relied on to assist stakeholders in the field in taking action. Therefore, this model can be implemented into daily hotspot monitoring in Indonesia."

"Karhutla di Provinsi Riau selalu menjadi sorotan karena ulah manusia yang menyebabkan kerusakan ekosistem hingga kestabilan politik dengan negara tetangga. Untuk menyikapinya, Presiden memprioritaskan upaya pencegahan melalui kolaborasi multisektor antara pemerintah, swasta, hingga masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam kolaborasi pencegahan karhutla dengan model collaborative governance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses collaborative governance secara keseluruhan sudah diterapkan meskipun diperlukan penyempurnaan pada proses dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kolaborasi. Intensitas dialog tatap muka masih rendah dan agenda pembahasan para aktor masih umum terhadap pengendalian kerhutla. Hasil sementara kolaborasi pencegahan belum terukur dengan baik sehingga egosektoral terlihat melalui berbagai program para aktor yang sifatnya mirip. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat kolaborasi adalah desain kelembagaan belum mengalokasi tugas pencegahan para aktor dengan jelas yang beresiko pada tumpang tindih kegiatan dan menurunnya transparansi kolaborasi. Anggaran pencegahan belum memadai karena Provinsi Riau belum memiliki dana alokasi khusus untuk pencegahan dan hanya bergantung pada anggaran aktor yang terlibat.

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Karhutla in Riau Province has always been in the spotlight because of human activities that have caused damage to the ecosystem and political stability with neighboring countries. The President prioritizes prevention efforts through multi-sector collaboration between government, private sector, and community. This study aims to analyze the process and the factors that influence collaboration in preventing ‘karhutla’ with the collaborative governance model. The study indicates that collaborative governance process as a whole has been implemented although improvements are needed in the process and the factors that affect collaboration. Intensity of face-to-face dialogue is still low and the discussion is still on controlling ‘karhutla’. The interim results of prevention collaboration haven’t been well measured so that ego sector can be seen through various programs of actors that are similar in nature. The factors that hinder collaboration are the institutional design hasn’t allocated the task of preventing clearly so it’s risky to overlapping activities and decreasing collaboration transparency. The budget of prevention is not sufficient because Riau Province doesn’t have yet a special allocation fund for prevention and depends on the budget of the actors involved."

"Masalah kebakaran hutan dan lahan telah menjadi isu nasional yang patut mendapat perhatian serius dari pemerintah. Kejadian ini terjadi setiap tahun secara berulang, khususnya pada lahan gambut. Perlu dipahami bahwa, instansi pemerintah dan masyarakat, termasuk petani, perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan dan HTI, merupakan mata rantai yang tidak terputus yang terkait langsung dengan kebakaran hutan dan lahan ini. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah hubungan antara kebakaran hutan yang dilihat dari parameter hotspot terhadap nilai parameter pencemar udara (ISPU) dan tingkat kesehatan masyarakat kota Pekanbaru. Parameter hotspot yang diteliti adalah semua lokasi yang terdapat di provinsi Riau dari tahun 2005 sampai tahun 2009. Sedangkan resiko pencemaran kualitas udara dan kesehatan masyarakat yang diteliti adalah di kota Pekanbaru pada tahun 2009. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa data sekunder. Penelitian ini menghasilkan hubungan yang erat antara jumlah hotspot yang terdapat di berbagai daerah di provinsi Riau terhadap peningkatan nilai ISPU di kota Pekanbaru. Peningkatan nilai ISPU di kota Pekanbaru seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah hotspot yang terdapat di provinsi Riau. Peningkatan nilai ISPU ini juga berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan masyarakat kota Pekanbaru. Jumlah penderita penyakit meningkat 1 bulan sampai 2 bulan setelah kenaikan nilai ISPU di kota Pekanbaru.

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Problem of land and forest fires have become national issues that deserve serious attention from the government. This event happens every year, especially on peatlands. It should be understood that, government agencies and communities, including farmers, companies and timber plantations, is an unbroken chain which is directly related to this land and forest fires. This study is to learn a relationship between forest fire from the hotspots parameters against the value of air pollutant parameters (ISPU) and the level of public health in Pekanbaru city. Hotspot parameters studied are all the locations contained in Riau province from 2005 until the year 2009. While the risk of pollution of air quality and public health research is in the Pekanbaru city in the year 2009. The method used in this research is secondary data analysis. This research produced a strong correlation between the number of hotspots in the various regions in the Riau province on the increase of the value of ISPU in the Pekanbaru city. Increasing the value of ISPU in the Pekanabaru city along with the increasing number of hotspots located in Riau province. Increasing the value of ISPU is also an effect on people's health in Pekanbaru city. The number of patients increased by one month until two months after the increase in value of ISPU in the Pekanbaru city."

"Kabut asap telah menjadi momok yang sangat merugikan banyak pihak. Kerugian materiil maupun immateriil yang diderita begitu masif dan timbul dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Menariknya belum pernah ada gugatan terhadap kerugian akibat kabut asap di pengadilan Indonesia. Alasannya sederhana, karena kausalitas kabut asap dengan kerugian yang dialami korban sulit dibuktikan apabila merujuk pada ketentuan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia saat ini, termasuk dengan teori kausalitas yang dianut. Skripsi ini hendak menjawab pertanyaan sederhana, dengan perkembangan teori kausalitas dalam ilmu hukum apakah kerugian akibat kabut asap dapat dibuktikan di pengadilan? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perbandingan. Penelitian ini menuai hasil yang cukup positif di mana terdapat doktrin market share liability yang dapat mengakomodir pembuktian kausalitas kabut asap, baik dari segi hukum materiil maupun segi hukum formil di Indonesia. Namun pada akhirnya tetap diperlukan keterbukaan dari hakim untuk membangun logika hukum berdasarkan nilai-nilai kebenaran dan keadilan, yang dalam pandangan penulis dapat diakomodir melalui penerapan doktrin market share liability untuk membuktikan kausalitas terhadap kerugian akibat kabut asap.

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Haze has become very detrimental scourge to many parties. Both material dan immaterial losses suffered are massive and arise in a long period of time. Interestingly, there has never been a lawsuit against haze in Indonesian courts. The reason is simply because proof of causation based on losses suffered by the victim from haze is very difficult to prove if one refer to laws recognized in Indonesia, including the embraced theory of causation. This undergraduate thesis wants to answer a simple question, with the development of theory of causation in jurisprudence, is it possible to prove causation based on losses from haze in courts The research method used in this thesis is a normative juridical research with conceptual approach and comparative approach. This research reaping positive results in which theory of market share liability could accommodate the proof of causation of haze, both in terms of material law and procedural law aspects recognized in Indonesia. In the end it still takes the open minded judge to build legal logic based on the value of justice and fairness, which in my point of view could be accomodated by applying market share liability doctrine as a proof of causation of loss from haze."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan serta menganalisis apa saja faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Dalam melaksanakan upaya dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Riau, bukan hanya dilakukan dengan sosialisasi dan kegiatan lainnya yang hanya menyasar permukaan dari penyebab permasalahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Tetapi juga menyasar bagaimana pengelolaan tata ruang khususnya pada kawasan gambut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan post positivis dengan studi literatur yang terkait dengan implementasi kebijakan dan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Sebagai bahan pendukung, peneliti melakukan tinjauan literatur. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Riau dan faktor-faktor yang mempegaruhinya masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan, namun upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dapat dioptimalkan. Arah kebijakan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau dalam menetapkan RTRW yang tepat dan akurat untuk mendukung pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan terutama dalam pengelolaan gambut telah menunjukkan komitmen yang tinggi dengan hadirnya kebijakan RPPEG dan Riau Hijau.

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This study aims to analyze how policies are implemented to prevent forest and land fires and analyze the factors that influence them. In carrying out efforts to prevent forest and land fires in Riau Province, it is not only carried out with socialization and other activities that only target the surface of the causes of forest and land fire problems. But it also targets spatial management, especially in peat areas. The research uses a qualitative post-positivist approach with literature studies related to policy implementation and prevention of forest and land fires. As a supporting material, the researcher conducted a literature review. The results of the analysis show how the implementation of forest and land fire prevention policies in Riau Province and the factors that influence them still have some deficiencies, but the efforts made by the government can be optimized. The policy direction of the Riau Provincial Government in establishing a precise and accurate RTRW to support the prevention of forest and land fires, especially in peat management, has shown high commitment with the presence of the RPPEG and Riau Hijau policies."

"Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian tertinggi pada balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kejadian pneumonia akibat kebakaran hutan di Provinsi Riau Tahun 2014?2015 dengan Analisis Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan populasi target adalah semua kabupaten/kota di provinsi Riau. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariable dengan analisis GWR. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor ISPU dan penggunaan bahan bakar rumah tangga yang tidak aman memiliki hubungan dengan pneumonia (p < 0,05). Sementara hasil analisis multivariable menunjukkan bahwa koefisien B ISPU sebesar 0,001 yang berarti proporsi pneumonia balita akan meningkat sebesar 0,001 apabila nilai ISPU meningkat.

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Pneumonia is a disease that causes high mortality in infants. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the incidence of pneumonia due to forest fires in Riau Province on 2014-2015 with Geographically Weighted Regression ( GWR ) analysis.

This study uses a cross sectional study design with the target population was all districts / cities in Riau Province. This study carried out by univariate, bivariate and multivariable analysis with GWR.

The Results of bivariate analysis showed that the factors ISPU and household fuel has relationship with pneumonia ( p < 0.05 ). While the results of multivariable analysis showed that coefficient B of ISPU is 0.001, which means the proportion of pneumonia toddlers will be increased by 0,001 when the value of ISPU increased."

"ABSTRAKKebebasan berpendapat melalui media sosial untuk mengungkapkan pikiran, pendapat dan tanggapan terhadap suatu topik tertentu menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa konten yang menebarkan kebencian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan deteksi sebuah informasi yang merupakan ujaran kebencian di media sosial Twitter. Data yang digunakan berjumlah 4.002 data sentimen terkait topik politik, agama, suku dan ras di Indonesia. Pada pembangunan model, penelitian ini menggunakan metode klasifikasi sentimen dengan algoritma machine learning seperti Na ve Bayes, Multi Level Perceptron, AdaBoost Classifier, Random Forest Decision Tree dan Support Vector Machine SVM . Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga melakukan perbandingan performa model dengan menggunakan unigram, bigram dan unigram-bigram dalam proses fitur ekstraksi dan penggunaan SMOTE untuk mengatasi imbalanced data. Evaluasi dari percobaan yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa algoritma AdaBoost menghasilkan model terbaik dengan nilai recall tertinggi yaitu 99.5 yang memiliki nilai akurasi sebesar 70.0 dan nilai F1-score sebesar 82.2 untuk klasifikasi ujaran kebencian apabila menggunakan bigram.

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ABSTRACTFreedom of expression through social media to express idea, opinion and view about current topic causes negative impact as the rise of hateful content. This study aims to detect a hate speech information through Twitter. Dataset of this study consists of 4.002 sentiment data related to politic, race, religion and clan topic. The model development of this study conducted by sentiment classification method with machine learning algorithm such as Na ve Bayes, Multi Level Perceptron, AdaBoost Classifier, Random Forest Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine SVM . We also conduct a comparison of model performance that used unigram, bigram, unigram bigram feature and SMOTE to handle imbalanced data. Evaluation of this study showed that AdaBoost algorithm resulted the best classification model with the highest recall model which was 99.5 , accuracy score as much as 70.0 and F1 score 82.2 to classify hate speech when using bigram features."