Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar Belakang: Transfusi darah masih sering dilakakukan sekarang. Transfusi darah yang aman dan steril seharusnya dilakukan untuk mencegah reaksi yang tidak diinginkan untuk ada. Transfusi sel darah merah mempunyai insiden yang paling rendah. Walaupun dorongan dan praktik untuk memeriksa darah sebelum donor sudah dilakukan, reaksi transfusi tetap menunjukan angka kejadian yang tinggi terutama di negara dengan berpenghasilan rendah. Walaupun sebagian besar reaksi transfusi tidak mengancam, namun reaksi transfusi tetap menambah ketidaknyamanan pasien. Metode: cross-sectional digunakan dalam riset ini. Data diambil secara primer dengan kuesioner yang diberikan kepada pasien anak berumur 0-18 tahun yang sedang di transfusi dengan sel darah merah. Kuesioner tersebut di isi sendiri oleh orang tua atau wali pasien. Kuesioner mencakupi ada atau tidaknya reaksi transfusi, diagnosis pasien, dan frekuensi transfusi pasien dalam satu bulan. Dibutuhkan 81 subyek untuk riset ini.Result: Dari 83 pasien, ditemukan prevalensi reaksi transfusi di RSCM Kiara adalah 39.8%. Data yang diperolah sebagian besar adalah perempuan dan umur paling tinggi adalah 5-10 tahun. Hubungan signifikan antara diagnosis pasien dengan kemunculan reaksi transfusi ditemukan. Namun, signifikansi antara frekuensi transfusi dan reaksi transfusi tidak ditemukan di riset ini. Kesimpulan: reaksi transfusi yang paling sering terjadi adalah gatal, kemerahan, dan nyeri. Dari penelitian, ditemukan bahwa pasien dengan diagnosis keganasan 6 kali lebih mungkin untuk mengidap reaksi transfusi dikarenakan keadaan kesehatan pasien tersebut. Frekuensi transfusi tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan reaksi transfusi.

---

Background: Blood transfusion is a common practice done nowadays. Safe and sterile practice should be done to avoid any unwanted reaction that could happen. Red blood cell transfusion has the lowest incidence of transfusion reaction compared to other blood product. However, transfusion reaction is still happening despite the endorsement and practice of blood screening especially in some low income countries. The most common transfusion reactions are usually benign, however, it still adds to the patient’s discomfort.

Methode: This is a cross-sectional study. Primary data by a questionnaire given to pediatric patient undergoing RBC transfusion between 0-18 years old in RSCM Kiara transfusion ward. The questioner was completed by the parents or guardian of the patient. The questionare include the presence of transfusion recation, patient’s diagnosis, and the frequention of transfusion in one month. 81 subjects are needed for this research.

Results: From 83 patients that was included in this research, it was found that prevalence of transfusion reaction in pediatric patient is 39.8%. Most of the data was taken from female and most were between age 5-10 years old. There is a significant correlation between the recepient underlying diagnosis and the presence of transfusion reaction. However, there is no significant results in transfusion frequency.

Conclusion: The most common transfusion reactions found in this study are urticarial, rash, and pain. From this research, it was proven that patient with malignancy is 6 times more prone to transfusion reaction due to the patient’s condition. The frequency of transfusion does not significantly effect the possibility of developing transfusion reaction."

"ABSTRAKDarah merupakan sumber daya yang tidak tergantikan. Menurut Hall (2013), diUniversity Hospitals of Leicester UK, dari 507 unit darah yang di-crossmatchhanya 283 unit darah yang ditransfusikan. Terdapat 25% darah terbuang padaRumah Sakit Publik Guyana (Kurup, 2016). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiandeskriptif dengan metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis diperoleh hasil, yaitu35.79% unit darah yang tidak ditransfusikan, capaian CT Ratio 2.12 (dari 3536unit darah yang dicrossmatch, hanya 1670 unit darah yang ditransfusikan),Penyebab darah terbuang adalah kadaluarsa 98.4%, selang habis, kantong bocor,darah rusak dll. Penggunaan MSBOS dapat menurunkan angka ketidakterpakaiandarah pada pasien operasi elektif sebesar 35.64%.

---

ABSTRACTBlood is an irreplaceable resource. According to Hall (2013), at UniversityHospitals of Leicester UK, from 507 units of crossmatched blood, only 283 unitswere used. There is 25% discharge blood at Guyana Public Hospital (Kurup,2016). This research is a descriptive case study with qualitative method. Based onthe analysis, 35.79% of the blood units were not transfused, the CT ratio was 2.12(from 3536 unit of crossmatched blood, only 1670 unit were transfused). Thecause of blood wastage is expired 98.4%, blood tube runs out, blood bag leak,blood damaged and unidentified causes. The use of MSBOS may decrease the rateof blood units wastage in elective surgery patients by 35.64%."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Pasien yang mendapatkan trasfusi darah berulang berisikomempunyai aloantibodi terhadap antigen yang ada pada permukaan sel darahmerah. Aloantibodi tersebut dapat menyebabkan terjadinya reaksi transfusi berupa hemolisis sel darah merah pada transfusi darah berikutnya. Untuk mencegah terjadinya hemolisis sel darah merah maka pasien talasemia sebaiknya mendapatkan darah yang sesuai dengan antigen sel darah merah yang dimilikinya. Namun hal ini belum dimungkinkan karena keterbatasan pemeriksaan rutin pretransfusi yang dilakukan untuk setiap pasien talasemia yang mendapatkan transfusi darah berulang.Metode penelitian. Delapan puluh delapan sampel pasien talasemia yangmendapat transfusi darah berulang dilakukan skrining antibodi sel darah merahdengan metode Indirect Coomb's Test (ICT) dan dilanjutkan dengan identifikasiantibodi. Sampel yang terdeteksi mempunyai antibodi dikonfirmasi denganpemeriksaan fenotyping dan genotyping untuk melihat jenis antigen yang ada di permukaan sel merah.Hasil. Dari hasil skrining antibodi terdeteksi adanya aloantibodi pada tujuh dari88 sampel. Dari delapan sampel yang diidentifikasi terdapat tiga sampelmempunyai anti E (47%), empat (57 %) sampel tidak dapat disimpulkan jenisantibodi apa yang terdapat dalam sampel.Simpulan. Pasien talasemia yang memiliki aloantibodi pada sampel darahnyamemiliki genotype RHCE*Ce dan sesuai dengan hasil fenotyping. Dapatdisimpulkan bahwa antibodi pada pasien merupakan aloantibodi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan persentase aloantibodi pada pasien talasemia sebanyak tujuh (8%) dari total 88 sampel (100 %). Dengan dilakukannya skrining antibodi diharapkan dapat mengurangi risiko terbentuknya aloantibodi dengan memberikan darah donor yang sesuai dengan antibodi yang dimiliki pasien sehingga tidak terjadi hemolisis.

---

ABSTRACTBackground. Patients who receive repeated blood trasfusi alloantibody riskhaving the antigen on the surface of red blood cells. Alloantibody can causetransfusion reactions in the form of a red blood cell hemolysis on next bloodtransfusions. To prevent the occurrence of the red blood cell hemolysis inthalassemia patients should receive blood that best match the red blood cellantigen has. But this was not possible due to the limitations of routine pretransfusion examination performed for every patient with thalassemia who receive repeated blood transfusions.Research methods. Eighty-eight samples thalassemia patients receiving repeated blood transfusions carried red cell antibody screening method Indirect Coomb's Test (ICT) and continued with the identification of antibodies. Samples were detected with antibodies was confirmed by examination fenotyping and genotyping to see what kind of a cell surface antigen that is red.Results. From the results of antibody screening detected seven out of 88 samples contained alloantibody. Of the eight samples has identified three samples contained anti-E (47%), four (57%) samples can not be inferred what kind of antibodies contained in the sample.Conclusions. Patients with thalassemia who have alloantibody on blood samples have genotype RHCE * Ce and in accordance with the results of fenotyping. It can be concluded that the antibodies in patients is alloantibody. In this study, the percentage of patients with thalassemia alloantibody seven (8%) of the total 88 samples (100%). The effect of antibody screening is expected to reduce the risk of developing alloantibody by providing appropriate donor blood with antibodies that owned the patient so there is no hemolysis."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang permintaan produk Packed Red Cell (PRC) di Unit Transfusi Darah Palang Merah Indonesia di DKI Jakarta yang diperkirakan akan membuat rencana produksi guna menurunkan tingkat keluarnya darah yang terjadi akibat jumlahnya. produksi yang melebihi jumlah penggunaan. Penelitian ini berbentuk studi kasus dengan tipe kuantitatif. Dalam peramalan, data time-series penggunaan PRC bulanan digunakan selama lima tahun terakhir yaitu 2014 hingga 2018 yang dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) dan Holt-Winter Exponential Smoothing. Hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode ARIMA memberikan hasil peramalan yang lebih baik sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam membuat perencanaan produksi produk RRT. Dari hasil perencanaan produksi tersebut disarankan agar PMI DKI Jakarta mengalihkan sebagian dari rencana kunjungannya dalam rangka pengambilan darah ke PMI lain di sekitar Jakarta dan juga dapat menyalurkan jumlah produksi darah berlebih ke Bank Darah Rumah Sakit ( BDRS) atau PMI lain yang masih kekurangan suplai darah.

---

This thesis discusses the demand for Packed Red Cell (PRC) products at the Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit in DKI Jakarta, which is expected to make a production plan to reduce the rate of blood loss that occurs due to the amount. production that exceeds the amount of use. This research is in the form of a case study with a quantitative type. In forecasting, time-series data on the use of monthly PRC are used for the last five years, namely 2014 to 2018, which is calculated using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Holt-Winter Exponential Smoothing methods. The results of calculations using the ARIMA method provide better forecasting results so that they can be used as a reference in planning the production of Chinese products. From the results of the production planning, it is suggested that PMI DKI Jakarta divert part of its planned visit in the context of taking blood to other PMIs around Jakarta and also be able to distribute the amount of excess blood production to Hospital Blood Banks (BDRS) or other PMIs that still lack blood supply."

"Latar Belakang: Kondisi besi berlebih, dengan feritin dan saturasi transferin sebagai surrogate marker, akan menimbulkan oksigen radikal bebas (ROS) yang menyebabkan stress oksidatif. Malondialdehid (MDA) merupakan ROS yang terbentuk dari peroksidase lemak sedangkan (manganese)superoksid dismutase (MnSOD) sebagai enzim yang mengubah radikal bebas oksigen menjadi oksigen biasa. Transfusi darah sering digunakan untuk mengatasi anemia pada kanker, namun juga berpotensi meningkatkan beban besi pada tubuh. Penelitian ini melihat peran transfusi darah terhadap feritin serum dan saturasi transferin serta kaitannya dengan stres oksidatif pada pasien kanker nasofaring.Tujuan: Mengetahui peranan transfusi sel darah merah (SDM) dalam kaitannya dengan perubahan kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin serta korelasinya dengan stress oksidatif pada pasien kanker nasofaring (KNF) yang menjalani kemoradiasi.Metode: Studi kohort prospektif. Pengambilan data dilakukan di klinik Hematologi-Onkologi Medik IPD RSCM Jakarta secara consecutive sampling pada bulan November 2015-Februari 2016. Pasien KNF yang menjalani kemoradiasi diperiksakan kadar feritin serum, saturasi transferin, MDA, MnSOD pra dan pasca terapi. Dilakukan pencatatan jumlah transfusi sel darah merah yang diterima. Analisa data menggunakan T-test/Mann Whitney dan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil: Total 38 pasien yang menjalani kemoradiasi, usia rata-rata 47 tahun, laki-laki dan perempuan 4:1. Sebanyak 18 pasien (47,4%) menerima transfusi sel darah merah selama pengobatan. Didapatkan peningkatan rerata saturasi transferin sebesar 15,1% (p=0,016) dan MDA sebesar 1,368 (p=0,001) pada pasien yang mendapatkan transfusi SDM dibandingkan yang tidak mendapatkan transfusi. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada feritin serum (p= 0,35) dan MnSOD (p= 0,496) antara yang mendapatkan transfusi SDM dengan yang tidak. Didapatkan korelasi lemah antara feritin serum dengan MDA dan MnSOD (r=0,239 dan r= -0,374) dan tidak didapatkan korelasi antara saturasi transferin dengan MDA dan MnSOD (r=0,191 dan r=0,027).Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan rerata saturasi transferin dan MDA pada pasien yang mendapatkan transfusi SDM. Tidak terdapat peningkatan feritin serum ataupun penurunan MnSOD. Terdapat korelasi yang lemah antara peningkatan kadar feritin serum dengan MDA dan MnSOD pada pasien KNF pasca kemoradiasi dan transfusi sel darah merah. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar saturasi transferin dengan MDA dan MnSOD pada pasien KNF yang mendapat transfusi sel darah merah.

---

Background: The presence of free iron in the circulation will induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which result in cell injury. The free radical formed and cause lipid peroxidation which in result cause formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). (manganese)Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) as antioxidant enzyme have anti tumor activity and the level often found low in cancer patient. Ferritin and transferrin saturation are predictor of iron overload. Blood transfusion is the therapy often used to resolve anemia in cancer, but also increase iron burden in body. This study focus on the role of blood transfusion to serum ferritin and transferrin saturation and its correlation with oxidative stress in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).

Objective: To know the role of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and its relations to serum ferritin and transferin saturation level and their correlation with oxidative stress in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation.

Methods: Prospective study. Sample obtained with consecutive sampling method collected in the Hematology-Medical Oncology Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta November 2015 to February 2015. NPC patients undergoing chemoradiation, blood examination performed to measure ferritin, saturation transferrin, malondialdehyde, MnSOD before and after treatment. During treatment the amount of transfusion received is recorded. Data analysis done using T-test/Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation test.

Results: Total of 38 patients received chemoradiation, mean age 47,97 years old, proportion man compare woman is 4:1. During treatment 18 patients (47,4%) received red blood cell transfusion. Difference in mean found between transferrin saturation 15,1% (p=0,016) and MDA serum 1,358 nM (p=0,001) in patient receiving RBC transfusion compare to subject not receving transfusion. There are no significantly differences in serum ferritin and MnSOD level between both group. We found a weak correlation between raise of serum ferritin to the raise of MDA and the declining of MnSOD (r = 0,239 and r= -0,374). There are no correlation between transferin saturation with MDA nor MnSOD

Conclusions : Increase in transferin saturation and MDA level found in NPC receiving RBC transfusion after chemoradiation. There is a weak correlation found between serum ferritin with MDA and MnSOD in nasopharyngeal cancer undergoing chemotherapy radiation therapy receiving RBC transfusion and no correlation between transferin saturation with MDA and MnSOD changes."

"Latar belakang: Limfadenopati servikal merupakan pembesaran kelenjar getah bening >1 cm di regio servikalis. Etiologi bervariasi, di negara maju 70% merupakan kasus limfadenitis reaktif, sedangkan di negara berkembang 56,67% merupakan infeksi tuberkulosis. Belum ada penelitian di Indonesia tentang hal ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil kejadian limfadenopati servikal pada anak di Klinik Rawat Jalan RSCM Kiara, Jakarta. Metode: Desain potong lintang deskriptif pada 6126 subyek usia 1 bulan – 18 tahun, didapatkan 93 subyek mengalami limfadenopati servikal. Subyek kemudian dianamnesis dan diikuti proses diagnosisnya. Hasil: Prevalens limfadenopati servikal adalah 1,5%. Dari 93 subyek, 70% limfadenopati servikal bukan sebagai keluhan utama. Gejala konstitusional tersering adalah demam (43%), malaise (37,6%) dan penurunan berat badan (36,5%). Sebagian besar limfadenopati berukuran 1,1-2 cm, jamak, lokasi di anterior, 25,8% teraba berkonglomerasi dan terfiksasi, nyeri tekan hanya 2,1%. Diagnosis medis terbanyak adalah infeksi tuberkulosis (35,5%), keganasan (20,5%) dan hanya 2,1% yang merupakan kasus limfadenitis servikal akut. Biopsi dilakukan pada 28 subyek (FNAB/biopsi jaringan), 35,7% merupakan infeksi tuberkulosis, 25% kasus keganasan dan 14,2% merupakan radang kronik non-spesifik. Kesimpulan: Prevalens limfadenopati servikal pada anak sebesar 1,5% dengan diagnosis medis dan hasil biopsi terbanyak adalah kasus infeksi tuberkulosis.

---

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is an enlargement of lymph node > 1 cm in the cervical region. Etiology varies, in developed countries 70% are reactive lymphadenitis, whereas in developing countries 56.67% are tuberculosis infections. No studies in Indonesia about this topic.

Aim: To know the profile children with cervical lymphadenopathy in Outpatient Clinic, RSCM Kiara, Jakarta.

Method: Descriptive cross-sectional design on 6126 subjects aged 1 month – 18 years, found 93 subjects experiencing cervical lymphadenopathy. These subjects underwent interviews and the diagnosis process observed.

Result: Prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy is 1.5%. From 93 subject, 70% cervical lymphadenopathy is not the main complaint. The most often constitutional symptoms are fever (43%), malaise (37.6%) and weight loss (36.5%). Most of the lymphadenopathy are 1.1-2 cm in size, multiple, location in anterior, 25.8% felt to be conglomerated and fixed, only 2.1% are tenderness. Most common medical diagnoses were tuberculosis infections (35.5%), malignancies (20.5%) and only 2.1% are acute cervical lymphadenitis. Biopsy was done to 28 subject (FNAB/open biopsy) 35,7% are tuberculosis infections, 25% are malignancies and 14,2% are non-specific chronic inflammation.

Conclusion: Prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy in children is 1,5% and the most often medical diagnose and biopsy profile are tuberculous infection."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Pemberian transfusi darah merupakan salah satu tindakan medis untuk penyelamatan nyawa (live saving) dan penyembuhan penyakit, tetapi disisi lain tindakan ini juga memiliki risiko atau komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasiyang dikenal adalah Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD). TAGVHD ini akan menyebabkan berproliferasinya limfosit T yangkemudian akan diikuti oleh proses engraft (tertanam) didalam tubuh resipien yang umumnya berada dalam kondisi imunokompeten. Kondisi ini umumnya dialami oleh pasien-pasien dengan gangguan sistem imunologi seperti pada pasien kanker atau penyakit-penyakit autoimun. Saat ini, satu ? satunya metode yang dapat diterima untuk mencegah komplikasi itu dengan cara melakukan iradiasi darah. Bervariasinya rekomendasi tentang dosis iradiasi dan waktu penyinaran untukmenurunkan jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ sebagai penyebab terjadinya TAGVHD, menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini akan dijadikan rekomendasi untuk prosedur iradiasi terhadap komponen sel darah merah pekatyang akan diberikan pada pasien-pasien imunokompeten di RS Kanker Dharmais Jakarta.Metodologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian eksperimental dengan pemeriksaan time series yang dilakukan terhadap 54 kantong komponen sel darah merah pekat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti. Dilakukan pengujian terhadap jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ dalam tiga dosis dengan tiga serial waktu berbeda.Hasil. Terjadi penurunan jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ pada komponen sel darah merah pekat yang dilakukan iradiasi pada dosis iradiasi dan waktu penyinaran yang berbeda.Simpulan. Penurunan jumlah CD 3+ bermakna atau signifikan pada dosis 2500 pada waktu 5 jam setelah penyinaran.

---

ABSTRACTBackground Blood transfusion is a medical treatment for a life saving and cure the disease On the other hand these treatment also have risks or complications one of which is known with Transfusion Associated Graft vs Host Disease TAGVHD This will cause proliferation T lymphocytes and then will be followed by a process engraft embedded in the recipient 39 s body is in a state of immunocompetent This condition is commonly experienced by patients with impaired immunological systems such as cancer patients or autoimmune diseases Currently one the only acceptable method to prevent such complications by way of blood irradiation Variations recommendation on irradiation dose and exposure time in reducing the amount of CD 3 and CD 4 which is the cause of the TAGVHD be doing background research The results of this study will be a recommendation for action to the irradiation of packedred cell that will be given in immunocompetent patients in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital Methodology This study used an experimental research design time series with the examination conducted on 54 bags of packed red cell that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the researcher Conducted tests on the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in three doses with three different time series Results A decline in the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in packed red cell irradiation at certain doses of irradiation and different irradiation times Conclusion The decrease in CD 3 meaningful or significant at doses of 2500 in 5 hours after irradiation.; ABSTRACTBackground Blood transfusion is a medical treatment for a life saving and cure the disease On the other hand these treatment also have risks or complications one of which is known with Transfusion Associated Graft vs Host Disease TAGVHD This will cause proliferation T lymphocytes and then will be followed by a process engraft embedded in the recipient 39 s body is in a state of immunocompetent This condition is commonly experienced by patients with impaired immunological systems such as cancer patients or autoimmune diseases Currently one the only acceptable method to prevent such complications by way of blood irradiation Variations recommendation on irradiation dose and exposure time in reducing the amount of CD 3 and CD 4 which is the cause of the TAGVHD be doing background research The results of this study will be a recommendation for action to the irradiation of packedred cell that will be given in immunocompetent patients in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital Methodology This study used an experimental research design time series with the examination conducted on 54 bags of packed red cell that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the researcher Conducted tests on the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in three doses with three different time series Results A decline in the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in packed red cell irradiation at certain doses of irradiation and different irradiation times Conclusion The decrease in CD 3 meaningful or significant at doses of 2500 in 5 hours after irradiation.; ABSTRACTBackground Blood transfusion is a medical treatment for a life saving and cure the disease On the other hand these treatment also have risks or complications one of which is known with Transfusion Associated Graft vs Host Disease TAGVHD This will cause proliferation T lymphocytes and then will be followed by a process engraft embedded in the recipient 39 s body is in a state of immunocompetent This condition is commonly experienced by patients with impaired immunological systems such as cancer patients or autoimmune diseases Currently one the only acceptable method to prevent such complications by way of blood irradiation Variations recommendation on irradiation dose and exposure time in reducing the amount of CD 3 and CD 4 which is the cause of the TAGVHD be doing background research The results of this study will be a recommendation for action to the irradiation of packedred cell that will be given in immunocompetent patients in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital Methodology This study used an experimental research design time series with the examination conducted on 54 bags of packed red cell that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the researcher Conducted tests on the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in three doses with three different time series Results A decline in the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in packed red cell irradiation at certain doses of irradiation and different irradiation times Conclusion The decrease in CD 3 meaningful or significant at doses of 2500 in 5 hours after irradiation., ABSTRACTBackground Blood transfusion is a medical treatment for a life saving and cure the disease On the other hand these treatment also have risks or complications one of which is known with Transfusion Associated Graft vs Host Disease TAGVHD This will cause proliferation T lymphocytes and then will be followed by a process engraft embedded in the recipient 39 s body is in a state of immunocompetent This condition is commonly experienced by patients with impaired immunological systems such as cancer patients or autoimmune diseases Currently one the only acceptable method to prevent such complications by way of blood irradiation Variations recommendation on irradiation dose and exposure time in reducing the amount of CD 3 and CD 4 which is the cause of the TAGVHD be doing background research The results of this study will be a recommendation for action to the irradiation of packedred cell that will be given in immunocompetent patients in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital Methodology This study used an experimental research design time series with the examination conducted on 54 bags of packed red cell that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the researcher Conducted tests on the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in three doses with three different time series Results A decline in the number of CD 3 and CD 4 in packed red cell irradiation at certain doses of irradiation and different irradiation times Conclusion The decrease in CD 3 meaningful or significant at doses of 2500 in 5 hours after irradiation.]"

"Di Indonesia diare masih merupakan penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada balita dengan insidensi mencapai 6.7%. Tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua tentang diare mungkin berhubungan dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku, serta mengetahui hubungan antara ketiga variable. Penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan data primer berdasarkan wawancara kuesioner dilakukan di RSCM Kiara pada bulan September 2015 terhadap 102 subjek. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan metode Chi square atau Fischer. Ditemukan sebanyak 101 subjek (99%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, 55 subjek ( 53.9%) memiliki sikap positif, dan 55 subjek (53.9%) memiliki perilaku baik tentang diare. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan hampir seluruh orangtua memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik namun hampir setengah orangtua masih memiliki sikap dan perilaku yang kurang. Ditemukan hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap (p = 0.353) dan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku orangtua tentang diare. (p=0.29).

---

In Indonesia, diarrhea is still considered as the main cause of child?s death with numbers of incidence reaching 6.7%. Parental knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards diarrhea is probably associated with the rise of diarrhea incidence in child. This study aims to explore the parental knowledge, attitude, and behavior, also the association between the three variable.

A cross sectional study was conducted in RSCM ? Kiara on September 2015 in 102 subjects. Chi-square / fischer hypothesis testingwass used to conduct bivariate analysis. Among 102 subjects, 101 subjects (99%) had good knowledge , 55 subjects (53.9%) had positive attitudes, and 55 subjects (53.9%) had good behavior regarding childhood diarrhea.

This study confirms that almost all of the parents had a good knowledge, yet almost half of them still had unfavourable attitude and behavior. There was no significant association between parental knowledge towards behaviour (p = 0.353) nor between parental attitudes towards behavior regarding childhood diarrhea (p = 0.29)."

"Campak merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tersering pada balita. Kematian tersering campak terjadi akibat komplikasi campak seperti pneumonia, diare, dan ensefalitis. Setiap 1 atau 2 dari 1000 anak yang sakit campak akan meninggal. Campak masih menjadi penyebab 4% kematian balita di Indonesia. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua tentang campak yang rendah mungkin menjadi penyebab masih tingginya angka kejadian dan kematian campak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua serta mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku orangtua tentang campak pada balita. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di RSCM Kiara pada bulan September 2015. Data demografi, pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku diambil melalui wawancara berdasarkan kuesioner. Jumlah sampel dihitung dengan rumus survei sederhana. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square atau Fischer. Terdapat 91 orangtua balita yang mengikuti penelitian ini. Orangtua yang memiliki pengetahuan baik 31 subjek (34,1%), sikap baik 33 subjek (36,3%), dan perilaku baik 46 subjek (50,5%). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku orangtua tentang campak pada balita (p=1,00). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap dengan perilaku orangtua tentang campak pada balita (p=0,463). Orangtua yang memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap tentang campak yang baik hanya sepertiga, dan hampir setengah orangtua masih memiliki perilaku yang kurang tentang campak. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku orangtua tentang campak pada balita.

---

Measles is one of the most leading cause of death among under-five children. Its complication such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and encephalitis be the most causes death of measles. Every one or two of 1000 children with measles will die. Measles contributes 4% in one of the most of death causes among under five children in Indonesia. Low level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding measles may contribute in high incidence and mortality of measles. This study was to explore level of knowledge, attitude, and practices, and also the association between knowledge and attitude with parent’s practice regarding measles among under five children.This cross-sectional study was conducted in RSCM Kiara on September 2015. Data of demography, knowledge, attitude, and practice was taken by interview based on questionnaire. Sample was calculated based on survey formula. The data was analyzed by Chi Square or Fischer test. There were 91 under five children parents who joined this research as our research subject. There were 31 subjects had good knowledge (34.1%), 33 subjects had good attitude (36.3%), 46 subjects had good practice (50.5%). There was no significant association between knowledge and practice with p value 1.00 nor significant association between attitude and practice with p value 0.463 regarding measles. Subjects who had good knowledge and attitude were one-third of all subjects, and almost half of the subjects still had bad practice regarding measles among under five children. There was no significant association between knowledge and practice nor significant association between attitude and practice regarding measles among under five children."

"Remaja dengan talasemia berisiko memiliki permasalahan psikosial seperti tingkat self-esteem dan kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat self-esteem dan kualitas hidup remaja talasemia di rawat jalan IPT KIA Kiara RSCM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling terhadap 108 remaja talasemia di rawat jalan anak. Hubungan tingkat self-esteem dengan kualitas hidup dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat antara tingkat self-esteem dengan kualitas hidup remaja talasemia (P-value 0,000 dan r= 0,526). Mayoritas remaja memiliki tingkat self-esteem dan kualitas hidup yang rendah. Rekomendasi terkait penelitian ini adalah perlunya layanan konseling psikososial bagi remaja talasemia untuk meningkatkan self-esteem.

---

Adolescents with thalassemia are at risk for psychosocial issues related to their self-esteem and quality of life. This study aims to determine the association between the level of self-esteem and quality of life among thalassemia adolescents in outpatient IPT KIA Kiara RSCM. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional approach and collected data through consecutive sampling of 108 adolescents in the pediatric outpatient. The results shown there was a quate strong association between the level of self-esteem with the quality of life of thalassemia adolescents (P-value 0,000 and r= 0.526). Based on these results, it is recommended that psychosocial counseling services be provided to improve the self-esteem of thalassemia adolescents."