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"This paper investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance by listed companies on the cost of equity capital from the perspectives of enterprise risk management and capital market risk pricing and discusses the mediating effects of operating risk. Using the causal steps approach, we conduct an empirical test with a sample of 7241 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2018. This paper uses the price-earnings-growth (PEG) model and the Ohlson-Juettner (OJ) model to calculate the cost of equity capital and accounting earnings volatility to measure operating risk. Our results lead to the following conclusions: First, CSR performance is significantly negatively correlated with the cost of equity capital; second, CSR performance is significantly negatively correlated with operating risk; third, operating risk is a mediating variable between CSR performance and the cost of equity capital, and the mediating effect differs between long- and short-term risks. Our conclusions are confirmed by robustness tests."

"Isu corporate social responsibility (CSR) semakin menarik untuk diperhatikan seiring banyaknya gerakan sosial untuk selamatkan lingkungan hidup. Perusahaan tidak lagi hanya mencari keuntungan untuk para investor saja, tetapi juga memperhatikan kesejahteraan para pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh corporate social responsibility terhadap cost of equity capital perusahaan, baik di sektor non finansial maupun sektor finansial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel dan varibel kontrol berupa beta, size, book to market ratio, dan leverage. Hasilnya adalah corporate social responsibility dapat menurunkan cost of equity capital dari suatu perusahaan, baik sektor non finansial maupun finansial.

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The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly interesting to note that as the number of the social movement to save the environment. Companies are no longer just looking for a profit for investors, but also welfare of other stakeholders. This study aims to see how the influence of corporate social responsibility towards the cost of equity capital of the company, both in the non-financial and financial sectors. This study uses panel data and control variables such as beta, size, book-to-market ratio, and leverage. The result is a corporate social responsibility can reduce the cost of equity capital of a company, both financial and non-financial sectors."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial terhadap cost of equity capital perusahaan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2007-2010. Data yang digunakan adalah pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang diungkapkan dalam laporan tahunan. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat satu hipotesis yang diusulkan, yaitu untuk menganalisis terdapatnya pengaruh dari pengungkapan tanggung jawab social perusahaan terhadap cost of equity capital. Metode yang dilakukan untuk menjawab hipotesis tersebut adalah uji data panel dengan mengunakan metode uji data panel GLS (Generalized Least Square). Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara corporate social responsibility disclosure terhadap cost of equity capital. Dibuktikan dengan uji t yang sudah dihasilkan pada penelitian ini, yaitu pada variabel CSRDI suatu perusahaan terhadap biaya modal ekuitas perusahaan.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of disclosure of social responsibility to the cost of equity capital companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007 -2010. The data used is the disclosure of corporate social responsibility are disclosed in the annual report.

In this study, the is one hypothesis proposed, namely to analyzed the presence of the influence of corporate social responsibility disclosure to the cost of equity capital. Method in place to address this hypothesis are the data panel using panel data test method GLS (Generalized Least Square).

The result of this study found that there was no influence of corporate social responsibility disclosure to the cost of equity capital. Evidenced by the t test that has been generated in this study, namely a company CSRDI variable to the cost of equity capital."

"Penelitian menguji hubungan cost of equity capital dengan pengungkapan CSR pada sampel perusahaan ekstraktif dan manufaktur yang listing di BEI di tahun 2009 sampai tahun 2011. Tujuannya penelitian pertama adalah menguji hubungan positif antara biaya ekuitas modal di tahun 2009 dengan pengungkapan CSR di tahun 2010, dengan menggunakan variabel-variabel kontrol ukuran perusahaan, ROA, leverage, dan market-to-book di tahun 2009. Sementara pada pengujian hipotesis kedua yaitu menguji hubungan negatif antara pengungkapan CSR di tahun 2010 dengan biaya ekuitas modal tahun 2011. Pada pengujian kedua menggunakan varibel-variabel kontrol ukuran perusahaan, BETA, leverage, dan market-to-book di tahun 2010. Pengungkapan diukur dengan indeks GRI (Global Reporting Initiatives) yang memiliki 79 item pengungkapan. Variabel biaya ekuitas modal menggunakan model CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) yang diproksi menggunakan data IHSG, tingkat suku bunga SBI, dan market risk premium perhitungan Damodaran. Hasil penelitian membuktikan terdapat hubungan signifikan positif pada pengujian hipotesis pertama yang berarti biaya ekuitas modal di tahun 2009 berpengaruh secara negatif dengan pengungkapan di tahun 2010. Sementara itu pada pengujian hipotesis kedua membuktikan terdapat hubungan negatif antara pengungkapan di tahun 2010 dengan biaya ekuitas modal di tahun 2011. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat pengungkapan perusahaan yang lebih di tahun 2010 memengaruhi biaya ekuitas modal yang rendah di tahun berikutnya.

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The study examines the relation between cost of equity capital to the disclosure of CSR in the extractive and manufacturing company samples which listed on the Stock Exchange in 2009 until 2011. The first research is to test the positive relationship between the cost of equity capital in 2009 with the disclosure of CSR in 2010, using the control variables of firm size, ROA, leverage, and market-to-book in 2009. While the second hypothesis is to test the negative relationship between CSR disclosure in 2010 with the cost of equity capital in 2011. In the second test, using a variable-variable control of the size of the company, BETA, leverage, and market-to-book in 2010. Disclosure is measured by the GRI index (Global Reporting Initiatives) which has 79 items of disclosure. The variable cost of equity capital using the CAPM models (Capital Asset Pricing Model), which proxied by IHSG, SBI interest rate and market risk premium with Damodaran calculation. The research proves there is a significant positive relationship in the first hypothesis, which means the cost of equity capital in 2009 negatively affected by the disclosure in 2010. Meanwhile, the second hypothesis testing to prove there is a negative relationship between the disclosure in 2010 at a cost of equity capital in 2011. This shows that the more level of corporate disclosure in 2010 affects lower cost of equity capital in the next year."

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh pengungkapan kegiatan corporate social responsibility perusahaan dalam berbagai dimensi terhadap cost of equity pada sektor industri infratruktur, utilitas, dan transportasi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan 18 sampel perusahaan pada sektor industri ini, ditemukan bahwa pengungkapan kegiatan corporate social responsibility perusahaan dalam beberapa dimensi memiliki hubungan yang signfikan dan negative terhadap cost of equity perusahaan. Dalam penelitian, digunakan pula variabel-variabel kontrol ukuran perusahaan, rasio book to market perusahaan, dan variabel dummy tahun sejak diperlakukannya UU Perseroan Terbatas tentang kegiatan tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan.

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This study analyses the effects of corporate social responsibility disclosure from several perspectives towards cost of equity for firms in the utility, infrastructure, and transportation industry sector in Indonesia. Using 18 firms in this industry sector as a sample, it is found that corporate social responsibility disclosure for firms from some perspectives have significant and negative relationships with firm cost of equity. In this study, several control variables are used, which are firm size, firm book to market ratio, and year dummy variable since the UU Perseroan Terbatas about firm corporate social responsibility was implemented in Indonesia."

"Penelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa biaya ekuitas tahun sebelumnya mendorong perusahaan meningkatkan pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility CSR di tahun berjalan. Setelah mengungkapkan CSR dengan lebih ekstensif di tahun berjalan, perusahaan mendapatkan manfaat adanya penurunan biaya ekuitas di tahun selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh biaya ekuitas tahun sebelumnya terhadap pengungkapan CSR tahun berjalan dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan pengungkapan CSR tahun berjalan terhadap perubahan biaya ekuitas tahun selanjutnya. Penelitian ini juga menguji pengaruh biaya utang tahun sebelumnya terhadap pengungkapan CSR tahun berjalan dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan pengungkapan CSR tahun berjalan terhadap perubahan biaya utang tahun selanjutnya. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan sampel perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI pada tahun 2013-2015. Total sampel berjumlah 834 observasi untuk model biaya ekuitas dan 708 observasi untuk model biaya utang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa biaya ekuitas tahun sebelumnya berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan CSR sedangkan perubahan pengungkapan CSR justru berpengaruh positif terhadap perubahan biaya ekuitas di tahun selanjutnya. Biaya utang tahun sebelumnya juga berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan CSR di tahun berjalan namun perubahan pengungkapan CSR tahun berjalan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan biaya utang tahun selanjutnya.

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Previous study conclude that previous year cost of equity motivates company to increase current year Corporate Social Responsibility CSR disclosure. After disclosing CSR more extensive in current year, company gets benefit in the form of lower cost of equity in the following year. This study aims to examine the effect of previous year cost of equity on current year CSR disclosure and further analyze the effect of changes in current year CSR disclosure on changes in following year cost of equity. This study also examine the effect of previous year cost of debt on current year CSR disclosure and further analyze the effect of changes in current year CSR disclosure on changes in following year cost of debt. Hypothesis were tested using panel regression analysis with samples consist of listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX from 2013 2015 includes 834 firm years for cost of equity model and 708 firm years for cost of debt model. Result of this study shows that previous year cost of equity and cost of debt have positive effect on current year CSR disclosure. However, changes in current year CSR disclosure have positive impact on changes in following year cost of equity and do not significantly affect changes in following year cost of debt."

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh pengungkapan kegiatan corporate socialresponsibility perusahaan dalam berbagai dimensi terhadap cost of equity pada sektorindustri infratruktur, utilitas, dan transportasi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan 18sampel perusahaan pada sektor industri ini, ditemukan bahwa pengungkapan kegiatancorporate social responsibility perusahaan dalam beberapa dimensi memilikihubungan yang signfikan dan negative terhadap cost of equity perusahaan. Dalampenelitian, digunakan pula variabel-variabel kontrol ukuran perusahaan, rasio book tomarket perusahaan, dan variabel dummy tahun sejak diperlakukannya UU PerseroanTerbatas tentang kegiatan tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan.

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This study analyses the effects of corporate social responsibility disclosure from

several perspectives towards cost of equity for firms in the utility, infrastructure, and

transportation industry sector in Indonesia. Using 18 firms in this industry sector as a

sample, it is found that corporate social responsibility disclosure for firms from some

perspectives have significant and negative relationships with firm cost of equity. In

this study, several control variables are used, which are firm size, firm book to market

ratio, and year dummy variable since the UU Perseroan Terbatas about firm

corporate social responsibility was implemented in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility CSR terhadap corporate brand equity melalui mediasi corporate brand credibility dan reputation. Data pada penelitian ini didapatkan dari penyebaran kuesioner secara langsung kepada pengguna GO-JEK yang mengetahui tentang kegiatan CSR dari GO-JEK. Data ini diolah dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling SEM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CSR memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap corporate brand equity melalui mediasi corporate brand credibility dan reputation secara berurutan. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan CSR memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kedua variabel mediasi, yaitu corporate brand credibility dan reputation.

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This research aims to analyzes the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility CSR toward corporate brand equity mediated through corporate brand credibility and reputation. Data for this research were collected through direct questionnaire to GO JEK user who knew about CSR activities conducted by GO JEK. They were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling SEM method.

The result of this research shows that CSR have a positive effect to corporate brand equity mediated through corporate brand credibility and reputation sequentially. The result of this research also shows that CSR have positive effect to both mediation variables, corporate brand credibility and reputation."

"This paper examines the effect of ownership concentration on engagement in corporate environmental responsibility (CER) in time and spatial dimensions. The time dimension focuses on the macroeconomic environment, in particular, periods of rapid and moderate-speed economic growth. The spatial dimension focuses on industry characteristics and different types of ownership (state or private). Further, it explores the mediating role of corporate leverage using panel regression models and stepwise regression with a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies over the period 2008–2016. The results show that ownership concentration has a significantly negative effect on CER. In addition, when we consider the macroeconomic growth rate, ownership type, and industry characteristics, the effect is heterogeneous. In periods with rapid economic growth, ownership concentration has a significantly negative effect on CER whereas it is not significant in a period with moderate economic growth. Further, the negative effect exists at state-owned and non-state-owned companies and at non-heavy-polluting industries. Corporate leverage has a partial mediating effect between ownership concentration and engagement in CER."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility terhadap biaya hutang (cost of debt). Kegiatan corporate social responsibility (CSR) dinilai oleh kreditur berdasarkan pengungkapan informasi CSR perusahaan melalui laporan tahunan perusahaan. Untuk pengungkapan CSR dinilai dengan menggunakan skor berdasarkan pedoman GRI G3 yang terdiri dari 80 indikator. Pengujian hipotesis dengan model regresi linier berganda yang menggunakan sampel sebanyak 226 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama tahun 2010 dan 2011 serta menghasilkan 390 observasi (firm year).Hasilnya penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya pengungkapan dimensi sosial yang memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap cost of debt. Semakin banyak pengungkapan dimensi sosial yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan, maka dapat menurunkan biaya hutang (cost of debt). Sedangkan untuk pengungkapan CSR secara keseluruhan dan dimensi lainnya (ekonomi, lingkungan, hak tenaga kerja, masyarakat, dan tanggungjawab produk) tidak berpengaruh terhadap cost of debt.

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This study aims to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on the cost of debt. CSR activities are rated by lenders according to the company's CSR disclosure by the company's annual report. For CSR disclosure was assessed using a score based on the GRI G3 guidelines consisting of 80 indicators. Hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression model using a sample of 226 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2010 and 2011 and generate 390 observations (firm year).

The result of this study indicate that the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, both overall and based on six dimensions according to GRI (economic, environmental, social, human rights, community, and the responsibility of the product) has a negative effect on cost of debt. The more disclosure by companies, it can lower the cost of debt."