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"Cara terbaik untuk tetap bertahan hidup di tengah masa pandemi COVID-19 ini adalah dengan sama sekali tidak tertular melalui pemberlakuan protokol kesehatan, namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak individu yang lalai melaksanakan protokol kesehatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perceived threat dan self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat pencegahan COVID-19 terhadap kemunculan perilaku sehat pencegahan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini melibatkan 372 partisipan mahasiswa melalui accidental sampling. Data penelitian ini diambil secara daring selama pandemi berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived threat dan self-efficacy berhubungan secara signifikan dengan perilaku sehat pencegahan COVID-19, yang dimana pengaruh yang lebih besar diberikan oleh perceived threat pada kemunculan perilaku sehat anti COVID-19.

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The best way to survive in the COVID-19 pandemic is not being infected at all through the enforcement of health protocols, but there are still many individuals who neglect to implement these health protocols. This study aims to determine the role of perceived threat and self-efficacy in the COVID-19 preventive health behavior to the emergence of COVID-19 preventive health behavior among college students in Indonesia. This study involved 372 college students through accidental sampling. The research data was collected online during the pandemic. The results showed that perceived threat and self-efficacy were significantly related to COVID-19 preventive health behavior, which greater effect was caused by the perceived threat"

"Agar mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan potensinya secara maksimal, maka kesehatan adalah salah satu hal yang patut diperhitungkan. Menjalankan perilaku sehat adalah cara untuk mempertahankan kesehatan, salah satunya adalah untuk mencegah terkena penyakit tidak menular (penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes, dan kanker). Berdasarkan Health Belief Model, salah satu komponen yang memengaruhi perilaku sehat individu ialah perceived threat, dengan komponen perceived susceptibility dan perceived seriousness (Sarafino & Smith, 2011). Sementara itu, menurut Bandura (1995), self-efficacy adalah prediktor dari perilaku sehat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan total 186 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa S1 dan D3 Universitas Indonesia. Berdasarkan teknik analisis Pearson Correlation, ditemukan hubungan yang negatif dan signifikan antara perceived susceptibility penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes, dan kanker, dengan perilaku sehat (r = -0,158, p < 0,05; r = -0,198, p < 0,01; r = -0,1888, p < 0,05). Ditemukan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara perceived seriousness penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes, dengan perilaku sehat (r = 0,212, p < 0,05; r = 0,150, p <0,01). Selain itu, ditemukan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara self-efficacy dan perilaku sehat (r = 0,578, p < 0,01). Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linear ditemukan bahwa self-efficacy adalah prediktor yang lebih kuat memengaruhi perilaku sehat dibandingkan dengan perceived threat.

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To maximize the potential of the students of Universitas Indonesia, keeping body?s health is one of the thing that should be counted. Doing health behaviors at young ages is one of the way to maintain one?s health, including to prevent oneself to get non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer). According to the theory of Health Belief Model, one of the component that influences one?s health behavior is perceived threat, with the components of perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness (Sarafino & Smith, 2011). In this research we collected 186 respondents which are the students of bachelor and diploma programs of Universitas Indonesia.

With Pearson Correlation technique, this study found that there were negative and significant correlations between the perceived susceptibility of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, and health behavior (r = -0,158, p < 0,05; r = -0,198, p < 0,01; r = -0,1888, p < 0,05). We found that there were positive and significant correlations between perceived seriousness of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and health behavior (r = 0,212, p < 0,05; r = 0,150, p < 0,01) and a positive but insignificant correlation of perceived seriousness of cancer and health behavior (r = 0,006).

We also found that there was a positive and significant correlations between self-efficacy and health behavior (r = 0,578, p < 0,01). Further more, with the linear regression technique, this study showed that self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of health behavior rather than perceived threat."

"Perilaku sehat penting untuk dilakukan tiap individu, salah satunya pada mahasiswa yang memiliki riwayat penyakit keturunan. Terdapat hal yang berpengaruh pada perilaku sehat dan pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perceived threat dan self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat pada perilaku sehat mahasiswa yang memiliki riwayat kerabat dengan penyakit mata keturunan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 109 partisipan dengan usia berkisar 18-25 tahun dan data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda serta independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived threat terhadap katarak dan glaukoma pada komponen perceived susceptibility dan perceived seriousness tidak berpengaruh signifikan dengan perilaku sehat. Kemudian, self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat dengan perilaku sehat berpengaruh signifikan. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rata-rata perilaku sehat antara partisipan yang memiliki riwayat penyakit mata keturunan katarak dan glaukoma. Begitu juga dengan rata-rata self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat. Berbeda dengan rata-rata kedua komponen perceived threat antara partisipan yang memiliki riwayat penyakit mata keturunan katarak dan glaukoma yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Hasil dan saran didiskusikan.

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Health behavior is important for each individual, also for students with familial risk of inheritable eye disease. There are things affect health behavior, and this study aimed to investigate the effects of perceived threat and health behavior self-efficacy on health behavior among the students with familial risk of inheritable eye disease. This study involved 109 participants that were aged between 18-25 years and data were analysed using multiple linear regression and independent sample t-test.

Results indicated that the perceived threat to cataracts and glaucoma on perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness had no significant effect on health behavior. Then, health behavior self-efficacy had significant effect on health behavior.

Results also indicated that there were no significant difference between the average of health behavior between participants with familial risk of cataract and glaucoma. Likewise with the average of health behavior self-efficacy. In contrast to the average of the two perceived threat components between participants with familial risk of cataract and glaucoma which indicated a significant difference. Results and recommendations are discussed."

"Dewasa muda, khususnya mahasiswa sedang dalam kondisi dimana mereka memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh yang prima sehingga mereka seringkali mengabaikan penerapan gaya hidup sehat. Tetapi, apakah dengan adanya faktor risiko seperti adanya kerabat yang mengidap penyakit kanker membuat mereka menata kembali gaya hidup untuk menjadi lebih sehat? Oleh karena itu menjadi penting adanya untuk menguji faktor apa saja yang berkontribusi dalam penerapan perilaku sehat pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara perceived threat dan self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat dengan perilaku sehat pada mahasiswa yang memiliki kerabat dengan riwayat kanker. Studi ini berhasil menghimpun 138 partisipan mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia yang memiliki kerabat dengan riwayat kanker. Mahasiswa UI mengisi kuesioner secara daring yang mengukur tentang perceived threat, self-efficacy, dan perilaku sehat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived threat tidak signifikan terhadap perilaku sehat pada kedua faktornya yaitu perceived susceptibility (r = -0,03, p = 0,72) dan perceived seriousness (r = -0,015 p = 0,86). Hasil lainnya menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy (r = 0,26, p = 0,02) memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku sehat. Penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai hasil penelitian didiskusikan.

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Young adults, especially college student is going through a condition where their immune system, has reached its peak. The problem is, they tend to be not putting too much attention on practicing healthy lifestyle behavior. Would they change their health behavior, if they have a cancer fighter relative? Therefore, it is important to examine what factors that contribute on practicing health behavior on college student. This research aims to examine the relationship between perceived threat and health behavior self-efficacy with health behavior on college student whose having familial risk of cancer. 138 students of Universitas Indonesia with a familial risk of cancer were involved in this research. UI student fill out the online questionnaires that measure perceived threat, self-efficacy and health behavior. The results indicate that the relationship between perceived threat on cancer and health behavior was not significant both on perceived susceptibility (r = -0,03, p = 0,72), and perceived seriousness (r = -0,015 p = 0,86). Other results shows that health behavior self-efficacy and health behavior were positively correlated and significant (r = 0,26 , p = 0,02). Further explanation about the results is discussed."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara persepsi kerentanan terhadap penyakit dan self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat dengan perilaku sehat mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia yang memilki keluarga inti dengan penyakit kardiovaskular, kanker, atau diabetes. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 215 mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia yang memiliki keluarga inti dengan penyakit kardiovaskular, kanker, atau diabetes. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hal yang berbeda dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa semakin individu merasa rentan terhadap penyakit, individu justru cenderung memiliki perilaku yang kurang sehat. Dari penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa self-efficacy dalam perilaku sehat berkorelasi secara positif dan signifikan dengan perilaku sehat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin individu merasa yakin akan kemampuannya untuk menerapkan perilaku sehat, individu cenderung memiliki perilaku sehat yang lebih baik. Selain itu, self-efficacy juga menjadi faktor yang paling kuat dalam menentukan perilaku sehat individu jika dibandingkan dengan persepsi kerentanan terhadap penyakit.

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The objective of this study was to examine wether perceived susceptibility and health behavior self-efficacy predict health behavior among students of Universitas Indonesia with familial risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or diabetes. The correlational study was conducted on 215 students with familial risk of the diseases.

Contrary to some previous studies, this study shows that perceived susceptibility correlates negatively significant with health behavior, which means that when people perceive themselves at higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or diabetes, they tend to have lower health behavior.

This study also found that self-efficacy correlates positively significant with health behavior, which means that the more people believe in their capabilities to perform health behavior, they tend to have better health behavior. Moreover, self-efficacy also the strongest predictor among the other variable."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran mengenai smoking abstinence self-efficacy dan perilaku sehat pada mahasiswa perokok di Universitas Indonesia. Adapun perilaku sehat yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas fisik, diet sehat, menjaga berat badan, dan tidak mengonsumsi alkohol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan alat ukur Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SASEQ) untuk mengukur smoking abstinence self-efficacy dan alat ukur Perilaku Sehat untuk mengukur perilaku sehat. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa perokok di Universitas Indonesia (UI) dan terkumpul sebanyak 151 data dari partisipan yang diperoleh melalui teknik nonrandom sampling. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif dan perbandingan terhadap rata-rata hipotetik, diketahui bahwa mahasiswa perokok di UI memiliki smoking abstinence self-efficacy yang rendah. Sedangkan, perilaku sehat pada mahasiswa perokok di UI secara umum cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan masing-masing jenis perilaku sehatnya, aktivitas fisik, menjaga berat badan, dan tidak mengonsumsi alkohol tergolong tinggi, sedangkan diet sehat merupakan satu-satunya jenis perilaku sehat yang tergolong rendah.

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This study aims to find the description of smoking abstinence self-efficacy and health behavior among smoker students of Universitas Indonesia. The type of health behavior that measured in this study is physical activity, healthy dietary, keep in healthy weight, and not drinking alcohol. This study is a quantitative research using Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SASEQ) for measuring smoking abstinence self-efficacy and Perilaku Sehat questionnaire for measuring health behavior. The participant of this study is smoker students in Universitas Indonesia (UI) and 151 data were collected from participants using nonrandom sampling technique.

Based on descriptive analysis and compared to hypothetical means, found that smoking abstinence self-efficay in smoker students in UI is low and the health behavior is high. Based on each type of the health behavior, smoker students in UI are high in physical activity, keep in healthy weight, and not drinking alcohol, whereas healthy dietary is low."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh health belief model (persepsi kerentanan, persepsi keparahan, persepsi keuntungan, persepsi halangan, self-efficacy, dan cues to action) dan perceived social support (keluarga, teman, dan significant others) terhadap perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 (perilaku mempromosikan kebersihan dan perilaku menghindari kontak sosial) pada populasi usia produktif di Jabodetabek. Sebanyak 192 partisipan mengisi tiga kuesioner self-report pada bulan April 2021. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa dua komponen dari variabel health belief model, yaitu persepsi halangan dan self-efficacy, memengaruhi perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 berupa perilaku mempromosikan kebersihan, F(9,182) = 6,075, p < 0,05. Selanjutnya, tiga komponen dari variabel health belief model, yaitu persepsi keuntungan, persepsi halangan, dan self-efficacy, dan dua sumber perceived social support, yaitu keluarga dan teman, memengaruhi perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 berupa perilaku menghindari kontak sosial, F(9,182) = 8,958, p < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kebijakan pemerintah perlu difokuskan pada eliminasi halangan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 dan kampanye berupa ajakan interaksi sosial secara daring, terutama pada perempuan dan usia muda, supaya kebutuhan dukungan sosial tetap terpenuhi dan di saat yang sama tetap melindungi keluarga dan orang terdekat yang berisiko terinfeksi virus Covid-19.

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This research examined the effect of health belief model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, and cues to action) and perceived social support (family, friends, and significant others) on Covid-19 preventive behavior (promoting hygiene and cleaning and avoiding social closeness) in the working age population in Jabodetabek. A total of 192 participants completed the self-report questionnaire in April 2021. The analysis result of multiple linear regression showed two components of health belief model, that is perceived barrier and self-efficacy, predicted Covid-19 preventive behavior in the form of promoting hygiene and cleaning, F(9,182) = 6,075, p < 0,05. In addition, three components of health belief model, that is perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy, and perceived social support from family and friends predicted Covid-19 preventive behavior in the form of avoiding social closeness, F(9,182) = 8,958, p < 0,05. Based on these results, government policy should aim on the elimination of Covid-19 preventive behavior’s barriers and campaign about online social interaction, especially for women and young adults, so they can fulfill their need of social support while also protecting family and significant others who have high risk of being infected by Covid-19 virus.

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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa kesehatan dan non-kesehatan di Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada mahasiswa kesehatan dan non-kesehatan ditinjau dari teori health belief model. Variabel yang diteliti adalah perilaku pencegahan COVID-19, faktor pemodifikasi (usia, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan) dan persepsi individu (persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan dan self efficacy). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 110 orang mahasiswa kesehatan dan non-kesehatan dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 68% mahasiswa kesehatan memiliki perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 yang baik dan 31.6% memiliki perilaku pencegahan yang kurang baik. Sedangkan mahasiswa non-kesehatan yang memiliki perilaku pencegahan yang baik adalah 59.7% dan 40.3% memiliki perilaku pencegahan yang kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 (p=0.020).

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This study discusses about the preventive health behaviours of COVID-19 among students majoring in health and non-health sciences Universitas Indonesia. The objective of this study was to look preventive health behaviour COVID-19 among students majoring in health and non-health sciences based of health belief model. Variabels in this study including preventive behaviour, modifying factors (Age, sex, and knowledge), individual perceived (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, dan perceived barriers and self efficacy). This study using quantitative approaches and cross sectional study methods.The total samples of this study is 110 people of students majoring in health and non-health sciences with purposive sampling method. The result showed that 68% students majoring health sciences are having good preventive behaviour and 31.6% have enough preventive behaviour, while 59.7% the student majoring non-health science have good preventive behaviour and 40.3% have enough preventive behaviour. There was significant associations between sex with preventive health behaviour of COVID-19 (p=0.020)"

"Hipertensi merupakan penyebab utama komplikasi kardiovaskular dan kematian dini. Pada situasi pandemi COVID-19, penderita hipertensi merupakan kelompok yang rentan terinfeksi virus SARS-Cov-2 dan berisiko mengalami komplikasi yang serius jika tertular COVID-19. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 merupakan penyebab tingginya kasus positif dan kematian akibat COVID-19. Persepsi kerentanan menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran persepsi kerentanan, perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 dan hubungan diantara kedua variabel pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan metode analitik pada 108 responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik quota sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnairre (PVDQ) dan kuisioner perilaku pencegahan COVID-19. Uji chi square digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan persepsi kerentanan dengan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53% responden memiliki persepsi kerentanan yang rendah dan 60% memiliki perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 yang kurang baik. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara persepsi kerentanan dengan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada penderita hipertensi (p value = 0.785).

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Hypertension is the major cause of cardiovascular complications and premature death. In the COVID-19 pandemic situation, people with hypertension are susceptible to SARA-Cov-2 virus infection and at risk of serious complications if they exposed with COVID-19. Non-compliance behavior towards COVID-19 prevention is the cause of high number positive cases and deaths due to COVID-19. Perceived susceptibility is one of the factors that influence COVID-19 preventive behavior. This study aims to describe the perceived susceptibility, COVID-19 preventive behavior and the relationship between the two variables in patients with hypertension. This study used cross sectional study design with analytical method on 108 respondents. The sample technique used is quota sampling. The instruments used in this study are Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnairre (PVDQ) and COVID-19 preventive behavior questionnaire. The chi square test was used to analyze the relationship between perceived susceptibility and COVID-19 preventive behavior. The results showed that 53% of respondents had a low perceived susceptibility and 60% had poor COVID-19 preventive behavior. The result of chi square test showed that there was no relationship between the perceived suscepitibility and COVID-19 preventive behavior in patients with hypertension (p value = 0.785).

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"Tingginya angka ketidaksesuaian karier dengan minat mahasiswa di Indonesia menunjukkan tingkat efikasi diri dalam pemilihan keputusan karier yang rendah di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, pola asuh orang tua yang tepat dapat menjadi bekal bagi individu untuk mengembangkan efikasi diri, khususnya di bidang karier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara perceived parenting style dan career decision making self-efficacy mahasiswa di Indonesia. Peneliti menggunakan dua instrumen penelitian, yakni Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) dan Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Indonesia Version (CDMSE-Ind) untuk mendapatkan data terkait variabel tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 146 mahasiswa dengan rentang usia 18-25 tahun. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pola asuh orang tua otoritatif berkorelasi positif signifikan pada CDMSE (r = 0,411, p < .001). Artinya, semakin tinggi kecenderungan pola asuh otoritatif yang dipersepsikan mahasiswa, semakin tinggi pula tingkat efikasi diri dalam pemilihan keputusan karier. Sedangkan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pola asuh orang tua otoriter tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian mengimplikasikan bahwa penggunaan pola asuh otoritatif paling tepat untuk menumbuhkan efikasi diri dalam pemilihan keputusan karier individu.

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The high rate of career misalignment with student interests in Indonesia indicates a low level of career decision making self-efficacy among Indonesians. In this case, proper parental upbringing can serve as a foundation for individuals to develop self-efficacy, especially in career-related areas. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between perceived parenting style and career decision making self-efficacy among university students in Indonesia. The researchers used two research instruments: the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Indonesia Version (CDMSE-Ind) to collect data on these variables. The study involved 146 students aged 18-25 years. Statistical analysis showed that students' perceptions of authoritative parenting style significantly and positively correlated with CDMSE (r = 0.411, p < .001). This means that the higher the tendency for authoritative parenting perceived by the students, the higher their level of self-efficacy in career decision making. In contrast, students' perceptions of authoritarian parenting style did not show a significant relationship. The study's findings imply that the use of authoritative parenting is most appropriate for fostering self-efficacy in career decision making."