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"Background: quality of life has been identified as the goal of therapy especially in patient with chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Quality of life measurement requires an instrument that was specifically developed in accordance with socio-cultural background of the measured population. The aim of this study was to adapt Asian Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire so it can be used in Indonesia as valid and reliable tool. Methods: Asian Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire was translated and adapted by group of experts, then validity and reliability tests were conducted on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Construct validity was analyzed using correlation test between score of each item and total score. Reliability was measured using test-retest method and internal consistency represented in Cronbach’s alpha score. Results: validity test showed significant correlation (p-value ≤0.05) between score of each item and total score across all domains with moderate to very strong correlation (r: 0.496-0.956). Reliability test using test-retest method showed no significant difference between Test I and II results (p-value >0.05) with very strong correlation (r: 0.830-0.975) and internal consistency yielded Cronbach’s alpha scores of ≥ 0.07 for all domains. Conclusion: Indonesian version of Asian DQOL is a valid and reliable tool to measure quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients."

"Depresi banyak ditemui pada orang dengan penyakit kronis, antara lain diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Salah satu penelitian menemukan bahwa sekitar 45% dari seluruh menderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang mengalami gangguan depresi namun tidak menjadi perhatian. Pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang depresi mengalami dampak yang cukup besar terhadap kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik kuantitatif potong lintang (cross sectional) untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara gangguan depresi dengan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Poliklinik Endokrin RSCM. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang mengalami gangguan depresi secara keseluruhan lebih buruk dibandingkan yang tidak mengalami gangguan depresi. Pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang mengalami gangguan depresi memiliki dampak yang cukup besar terhadap kualitas mereka.

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Depression is commonly found in people with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 2. One study found that approximately 45% of all diabetes mellitus type 2 who suffered from depression but was not a concern. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with depression experience a considerable impact on quality of life. The methodology of this study is a cross-sectional quantitative analytic to investigate the relationship between depression and quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in the Endocrine Clinic RSCM. The results of this study states the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have depressive disorders are generally worse than that is not experiencing depression. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who experience depression have a considerable impact on their quality of life."

"Pendahuluan: Nyeri kronik merupakan fenomena biopsikososial yang kompleks yang berlangsung lebih dari 3 hingga 6 bulan dengan intensitas nyeri yang persisten. Merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar di dunia.. Hasil penelitian multisenter 14 Rumah Sakit pendidikan yang dilakukan Pokdi Nyeri PERDOSSI tahun 2002 didapatkan 4.456 kasus nyeri dimana 9,5% diantaranya adalah nyeri neuropatik. Nyeri neuropatik dikenal sebagai salah satu kumpulan gejala yang sulit diidentifikasi dengan tatalaksana yang suboptimal. Tujuan: Didapatkannya instrumen kuesioner painDETECT versi Indonesia yang valid dan reliabel. Metode: Penelitian dengan menggunakan studi validasi transkultural ISPOR disertai analisis validasi kriteria dan uji reliabilitas konsistensi internal dan tes retes secara guided interview menggunakan kuesioner painDETECT. Hasil: Didapatkan 150 sampel dengan nyeri kronik berdasarkan skor kuesioner painDETECT versi Indonesia, 75 pasien dengan nyeri nosiseptif, 42 pasein dengan nyeri campuran dan 33 pasien dengan nyeri neuropatik. Pada analisis validasi kriteria didapatkan korelasi tinggi dengan instrumen standar emas LANSS (r= 0,082,p<0,001), AUC 85,5%, sensitivitas 78,3% dan spesifisitas 78,7% dengan titik potong optimal ≥17. Pada uji reliabilitas konsistensi internal didapatkan nilai Alpha Cronbach 0,710 dan nilai reliabilitas tes retes 0,96. Simpulan: Didapatkannya kuesioner painDETECT versi Indonesia yang valid dan reliabel dengan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang baik dalam menapis komponen nyeri neuropatik.

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Background: Chronic pain is a complex biospsychosocial phenomena. Pain that lasting more than 3 to 6 months with persistence intensity. Representing one of the biggest health problem in the world. Based on the results of a multicentre study in 14 Education Hospital, PERDOSSI Pain Study Group conducted in 2002 found 4,456 pain cases in which 9.5% were neuropathic pain. Whereas neuropathic pain is known as one of the hardest to overcome which are often missed identified and causing a suboptimal treatment.

Objective: To develop an Indonesian version of PainDETECT Questionnaire (PDQ-Ina) and assess its validity and reliability.

Methode: Using ISPOR transcultural validation study and criteria validation analysis followed with reliability internal consistency test and test retest based on PDQ guided interview.

Result: There were 150 subjects with chronic pain. Divided in to 3 types of group based on Indonesian version PDQ scoring, 75 patients having nociceptive pain, 42 were mixed pain and 33 patients having neuropathic pain. Within validation criteria analysis there were high correlation between PDQ-Ina with LANSS instrument as gold standard (r= 0,082,p<0,001), AUC 85,5%, sensitivity 78,3% and specificity 78,7% with the optimal cut off point ≥17. The reliability of internal consistency Cronbach’s Alpha value were 0,710 and the test retest realibility were 0,96.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the PDQ is a valid and reliable scale and have a good sensitivity and specificity to be used to determine neuropathic component of chronic pain."

"Kemampuan self-care merupakan hal penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien DM. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan self-care dengan kualitas hidup pasien DM. Rancangan penelitian cross sectional, melibatkan 125 anggota PERSADIA cabang Cimahi. Alat ukur self-care adalah Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Quality Of Life (DQOL) dan Beck Depression Inventory II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan self-care dengan kualitas hidup menjadi tidak bermakna (p value 0.164) setelah dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin (p value 0.006) dan depresi (p value 0.001). Peningkatan satu satuan self-care, akan meningkatkan kualitas hidup sebesar 6.1% setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin dan depresi. Peningkatan self-care dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan program edukasi yang terstruktur, meningkatkan kompetensi perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien DM terkait aktivitas self-care, dan melakukan screening depresi terhadap pasien DM.

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Self care ability is important in improving patient?s quality of life (QOL). Using cross sectional method, this research is designed to identify the relationship between self care and patient?s QOL in PERSADIA Cimahi, West Java. A hundred twenty five PERSADIA members were recruited and examined using Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Quality Of Life (DQOL) and Beck Depression Inventory II. The results showed no significant correlation between self care activity and QOL (p=0,164) as influenced by gender (p=0,006), depression (p=0,001). Increase of one unit self-care was likely to increase 6,1% QOL after controlling by gender and depression. Self care improvement can be performed through developing structured education, improving nurse's competency in diabetes care and need diabetes screening program for DM patients."

"Diabetes Melitus adalah salah satu penyakit kronis yang sering dialami oleh lanjut usia. Berbagai intervensi keperawatan yang dapat diberikan pada lansia dengan diabetes melitus salah satunya adalah terapi kelompok suportif dan pendidikan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh terapi kelompok suportif dan pendidikan kesehatan terhadap kualitas hidup lansia yang mengalami diabetes melitus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental. Responden penelitian terdiri 39 lansia mendapat terapi kelompok suportif dan pendidikan kesehatan dan 39 mendapat pendidikan kesehatan. Alat ukur yang digunakan kuesioner WHOQOL-Bref. Analisis menggunakan uji Paired t-test dan Independent t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan kualitas hidup dimensi fisik, psikologis, hubungan sosial dan lingkungan sebelum dan setelah mendapat terapi kelompok suportif dan pendidikan kesehatan (p value <0,05). Penelitian ini diharapkan menggunakan terapi kelompok suportif sebagai terapi lanjutan dalam praktik keperawatan jiwa sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia yang mengalami diabetes melitus.

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Diabetes mellitus was one of the chronic diseases that are often experienced by the elderly. One of the nursing interventions that can be given to elderly with diabetes mellitus was supportive group therapy and health education. The purpose of this research was to determined the influence of supportive group therapy and health education to the quality of life of elderly with diabetes mellitus. The design of this research was using quasi experimental. The subjects of this research was consisted 39 elderly group who received both of the supportive therapy and the health education and 39 elderly who received only health education. Instruments were measured by WHOQOL-Bref. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.

The results of this research depicted that there were differences significantly in quality of life both physical, psychological, social relationships and environment before and after the group received supportive therapy and health education (p value <0,05). The findings of research was expected to used group therapy as a continued therapy in advanced practice psychiatric nursing as an effort to improve the quality of life on the elderly with diabetes mellitus."

"Ulkus diabetik merupakan komplikasi dari diabetes melitus, lama sembuh dan terjadi berulang sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara tingkat depresi dengan kualitas hidup pasien ulkus diabetes. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pemilihan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling yang melibatkan 30 responden. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara nilai depresi dengan kualitas hidup dengan p-value 0,000. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan merekomendasikan program pencegahan dan penanganan depresi pada pasien dengan ulkus diabetik.

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Diabetic ulcers is complications of diabetes mellitus, delayed healing and repeated that affect the quality of life patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between depression and quality of life patients with diabetic ulcer. The design of this study is a descriptive correlation cross-sectional approach. The selection of samples were done in purposive sampling method and involved 30 respondents. The result are a significant correlation value depression with quality of life with p-value 0,000. The results of this study are expected to recommendation a program of prevention and treatment of depression patients with diabetic ulcers."

"Efikasi diri dan kepatuhan merupakan faktor yang penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat efikasi diri dan kepatuhan dengan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 yang menjalani rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit di Jakarta.Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 125 pasien DM tipe 2. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy (DMSES), the Diabetes Activities Questionare (TDAQ), dan Diabetes Quality Of Life (DQOL).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri (0,0005), dan kepatuhan (0,0005) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kualitas hidup dengan variabel yang paling dominan adalah kepatuhan.Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel efikasi diri, kepatuhan, tingkat pendidikan, dan depresi menentukan kualitas hidup pasien DM. Perlunya dikembangkan pengkajian dan intervensi keperawatan yang berfokus pada efikasi diri dan kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2.

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Self-efficacy and adherence are important factor in improving the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence to the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an outpatient unit of a Hospital in Jakarta.

This study was a cross-sectional, with sample of 125 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Management Self- Efficacy (DMSES), the Diabetes Activities Questionare (TDAQ), and the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) were employed as instruments.

The results showed that selfefficacy (0.0005), and adherence (0.0005) were significantly associated with quality of life and the most dominant variable is adherence.

Multivariate test results indicate that the variable self-efficacy, adherence, education level, and depression determines quality of life of diabetic patients. This study suggestsis the need fornursing assessment and interventions that focus on the self-efficacy and adherence diabetes mellitus patient."

"Indonesia merupakan negara terbanyak keempat kematian akibat diabetes Mellitus dan penyakit jantung diantara negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Penelitian dengan desain studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran biaya akibat sakit serta kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan penyakit jantung dengan sampel 110 orang di RSUD Dr.M.Yunus Bengkulu. Rata-rata biaya pasien akibat sakit diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan penyakit jantung selama setahun adalah Rp. 6.081.572 dimana komposisi biaya langsung adalah (81,54%) dan biaya tidak langsung (18,46%). Proporsi terbesar adalah biaya obat (37,05%). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya akibat penyakit tersebut adalah Lama Hari Rawat (LHR) dan jenis pekerjaan sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien adalah Lama/durasi sakit. Disarankan agar RSUD.dr.M.Yunus Bengkulu menyusun clinical pathway dan formularium rumah sakit. Pemerintah perlu merevisi formularium nasional dengan memperhatikan kondisi lokal dan mengembangkan program peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien.

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Indonesia is the fourth most deaths due diabetes mellitus and heart disease among south Asia countries. This study with cross-sectional design is aiming to describing the cost of illness and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with heart disease in dr.M.Yunus public hospital. Number of samples was110 patients. The annual cost of illness due to type 2 diabetes mellitus with heart disease perpatient was Rp. 6,081,572, with direct cost is reached (81.54%) and indirect cost (18.46%). The largest proportion of the cost was drug (37.05%). Factors that affect COI were Length of Stay (LOS) and the type of work, and factor affect quality of life was duration of illness. It is recommended that dr.M.Yunus Public Hospital Bengkulu should prepare clinical pathways and hospital formulary. The central government needs to revise national formulary with considering variability of country situation and develop program to improve quality of DM patient."

"Gliklazid merupakan salah satu obat oral antidiabetes golongan sulfonilurea generasi kedua yang bekerja dengan cara menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus dengan rnerangsang sel P pankreas untuk memproduksi lebih banyak insulin. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan optimasi dan validasi metode analisis gliklazid dalam plasma in vitro dengan kromatografi cair kinerja ultra tinggi - tandem spektrometer massa (UPLC-MS/MS). Pemisahan menggunakan pompa waters acquity UPLC Pump, detektor Waters Triple Quadropole (TQ), dan kolom UPLC BEH C18 1,7µm, 2,1 x 50 mm. Fase gerak yang digunakan metanol– asam format 0,1% (90:10, v/v) dengan laju alir 0,15 mL/menit. Baku dalam yang digunakan adalah glibenklamid dengan deteksi MS/MS pada m/z 324,14 >126,99 untuk gliklazid dan 494,10 > 368,94 untuk glibenklamid. Sampel plasma yang digunakan 500 µL diekstraksi menggunakan benzene-isopropil (98:2,v/v) sebanyak 3 mL dikocok dengan vorteks selama 90 detik dan disentrifugasi pada kecepatan 35000 rpm selama 15 menit. Metode ini linear pada rentang 10 – 4000 ng/mL dengan r = 0,999749 dan nilai LLOQ yang diperoleh untuk gliklazid adalah 10 ng/mL. Nilai % diff dan koefisien variasi (KV) untuk akurasi dan presisi intra hari dan antar hari selama tiga hari tidak lebih dari 15% dan tidak lebih dari 20% pada konsentrasi LLOQ. Nilai perolehan kembali absolut dari gliklazid sebesar 88 – 89%. Hasil uji stabilitas memperlihatkan gliklazid stabil dalam plasma pada suhu -200C selama 30 hari.

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Gliclazide is one of oral antidiabetic drugs which include to sulfonylureas second generation. This drugs decrease the blood sugar levels by increasing pancreatic β cell ability to produce more insulin. In this research, optimization and analytical method validation were performed to analyze concentration of gliclazide in human plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatography was performed on a Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1,7 µm, 2,2 mm × 50 mm) under isocratic elution with methanol – formic acid -(90:10 v/v), and flow rate of 0,15 mL/min. Glibenclamide was used as internal standar in this study and detection point were at m/z 324,14 > 126,99 for gliclazide and 494,10 > 368,94 for glibenclamide. Plasma extraction was performed by liquid-liquid extraction using 3 mL of benzene-isopropil (98:2,v/v), be shaken with vortex for 90 second, then centrifuged on 35000 rpm for 15 minutes. This method fulfill the criteria of linearity in range 10 – 4000 ng/mL with r = 0,999749 and LLOQ for gliclazide 10 ng/mL. This method also fulfill the criteria for accuracy and precision intra and inter day in three days by % diff and coefficient of variation (CV) not more than 15% and not more than 20% for LLOQ concentration. The recovery from plasma is 88-89% and stability in plasma until 30 days in freezer storage condition."