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"Penyakit pada Lanjut usia umumnya penyakit degeneratif, yang penanganannya membutuhkan waktu lama dan biaya tinggi, ini menjadi beban yang berat bagi pemerintah. Puskesmas Santun Lansia merupakan puskesmas yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada penduduk Lansia yang meliputi promotif, kuratif, preventif, rehabilitatif. Pemeliharaan kesehatan lanjut usia seharusnya lebih mengutamakan promotif dan preventif yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Promotif dalam Program Santun Lansia di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing pada tahun 2019 dan apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi formatif terhadap Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Promotif dalam Program Santun Lansia di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Informan penelitian ini terdiri dari staf program di Puskesmas, Kader Lansia dan pendamping Lansia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran dokumen dan literatur, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pelaksanaan terhadap kegiatan promotif dalam Program Santun Lansia di Puskesmas kecamatan Cilincing pada tahun 2019 telah berjalan sesuai rencana yang tertuang dalam model logika Rancangan Usulan Kegiatan pada tahun 2019 Puskesmas Santun Lansia kecamatan Cilincing dan diharapkan kegiatan promotif dalam program Santun Lansia ini tetap dipertahankan keberadaanya di masa mendatang, karena Lansia sebagai sasaran langsung (direct beneficiaries) sangat merasakan manfaatnya setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini. Kegiatan ini memiliki faktor-faktor pendukung yaitu; 1) Lokasi Puskesmas yang berdekatan dengan rumah para kader; 2) Jumlah Kader Lansia yang cukup; 3) Pengetahuan dan pemahaman para Kader dan Lansia terhadap kesehatan yang memadai; 4) Pelayanan Kesehatan Santun Lansia di Poli Lansia Puskesmas kecamatan Cilincing yang sudah berjalan sesuai rencana; 5) Koordinasi lintas sektor antara kecamatan, kelurahan, RW dan Kader serta Puskesmas yang terbina dengan baik. Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambatnya yaitu; 1) Belum ada anggaran untuk transportasi para Petugas Puskesmas dan Kader untuk mengunjungi rumah para Lansia; 2) Ruangan Poli Lansia yang kurang luas; 3) Pencatatan laporan kegiatan Lansia yang masih secara manual; 4) Keterbatasan komunikasi dan mobilitas Lansia untuk datang ke Kegiatan Promotif Santun Lansia; 5) Perlunya reward agar Lansia mau hadir ke Kegiatan Promotif; 6) Keterbatasan anggaran yang menunjang kegiatan promotif Lansia.

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The disease in the elderly is generally a degenerative disease, which takes a long time to handle and costs a lot of money. This becomes a heavy burden for the government. The Puskesmas Santun Lansia is a public health center that provides health services to the elderly, including promotive, curative, preventive, rehabilitative. Health care for the elderly should give priority to quality promotion and prevention. This study aims to evaluate how the process of implementing the Promotional Activities in the Santun Lansia Program at the Cilincing District Health Center in 2019 and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of this activity. This research is a formative evaluation research on the implementation process of Promotional Activities in the Santun Lansia program at the Cilincing District Health Center which is still running until the end of 2019. This study uses a qualitative research approach with purposive techniques and snowball sampling. The informants of this study consisted of program staff at the Puskesmas, elderly cadres and elderly assistants. The data was collected through document and literature search, observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the implementation process of the promotional activities in the Santun Lansia Program at the Cilincing Subdistrict Health Center in 2019 has been going according to the plan set out in the logic model of the Proposed Activity Design in 2019 Puskesmas Santun Lansia, Cilincing district and it is hoped that promotional activities in this Santun Lansia program their existence will be maintained in the future, because the elderly as direct beneficiaries really feel the benefits after participating in this activity. The supporting factors; 1) Location of the Puskesmas near to the houses of the cadres; 2) Sufficient number of Elderly cadres; 3) Knowledge and understanding of cadres, the Elderly towards adequate health; 4) Health Services for the Elderly in Puskesmas Cilincing, which has gone according to plan; 5) Cross-sector well coordination between sub-districts, and cadres and Puskesmas. The inhibiting factors; 1) No budget for transportation of Puskesmas officers and cadres to visit the homes of the Elderly; 2) The Poli Room at Puskesmas is less spacious; 3) Manual recording of Elderly reports; 4) Limited communication and mobility for the Elderly to come to Promotional Activities; 5) The need for rewards, that the Elderly want to attend the Promotional Activities; 6) Limited budget to support promotional activities for the Elderly."

"Latar belakang : Meningkatnya faktor-faktor penyebab dan kasus penyakit degeneratif dan kardiovaskular dari hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala selama 3 tahun (2009-2011) dan kurangnya respon pekerja terhadap program promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan sebelumnya di suatu perusahaan kimia di Cilegon mendorong dilakukannya suatu program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan yang diharapkan dapat menurunkan dan mengendalikan gula darah puasa, kolesterol total dan tekanan darah pada pekerja dengan obesitas sentral.Metode Penelitian : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional (potong lintang) komparatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder untuk membandingkan nilai beberapa parameter sindroma metabolik yaitu gula darah puasa, tekanan darah serta kolesterol total pada sebelum dan sesudah program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan terhadap pekerja dengan obesitas sentral.Hasil penelitian : Empat puluh pekerja dengan obesitas sentral mengikuti program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan. Terdapat perubahan signifikan gula darah puasa dan kolesterol total antara sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti program. Hal tersebut sudah dapat ditunjukkan setelah satu bulan mengikuti program.Sementara tekanan darah tetap berkisar normal.Kesimpulan : Ada perubahan bermakna gula darah puasa dan kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan terhadap pekerja dengan obesitas sentral. Kata Kunci : Obesitas Sentral, gula darah puasa, kolesterol total, tekanan darah ,Program Wellness melibatkan keluarga, 6 bulan.

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Background : Numbers of degenerative and cardiovascular causal factors and cases from 3 years periodic medical examination (2009-2011) increased and workers showed lack of interest to site health promotion programs which have been done previously at a chemical manufacture in Cilegon. This leads to initiate a 6 month wellness program plus family interactions with the intention to decrease and control fasting blood sugar level, total cholesterol and blood pressure to workers with central obesity.Methods : The research design is a comparative cross sectional to determine whether the changes of several metabolic syndrome parameter values prior to and after 6 months wellness program plus family interactions to workers with central obesity. It used secondary data.Result : Forty workers with central obesity participated in the six months wellness program plus family interactions. There were significant changes of fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol, even after one month participation in the program. However, blood pressure did not significantly changed.Conclusion : There were changes on fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol significantly by partcipatin on pre and post 6 months wellness program plus family interactions to workers with central Key Word : Central obesity, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, blood pressure , wellness program with family interactions and 6 months"

"ABSTRAKNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang berkaitan dengan kondisi kurang kalori dan diet tinggi lemak. NAFLD menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria dan menurunkan aktivitas MnSOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon hepatosit pada pemberian diet tinggi lemak (DTL) pada tikus dengan intake kalori berbeda selama masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan organ hati Spraque Dawley usia 6 minggu yang telah diberi intake kalori berbeda selama 8 minggu, dilanjutkan dengan diet tinggi lemak selama 20 minggu. Terdiri atas kelompok kurang kalori+diet tinggi lemak (KK+TL), cukup kalori+diet tinggi lemak (CK+TL), tinggi kalori+diet tinggi lemak (TK+DL) dan kontrol (diet standar). Parameter yang diperiksa adalah berat organ, histopatologi (HE dan Masson trichrom) serta aktivitas MnSOD (ELISA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan berat organ dan aktifitas MnSOD pada semua kelompok. Steatosis ditemukan pada kelompok perlakuan dengan prosentase steatosis kelompok KK+TL lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok CK+TL, TK+TL dan kontrol (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: pemberian DTL selama 20 minggu pada tikus dewasa dengan riwayat intake kalori yang berbeda semasa pertumbuhan dapat menyebabkan steatosis, namun belum diikuti dengan gangguan aktivitas MnSOD. Oleh karena itu pemberian diet tinggi lemak pada kasus kurang kalori protein masih perlu dipertimbangkan dan diteliti lebih lanjut terkait faktor keamanan dan manfaatnya pada usia dewasa.

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ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a degenerative disease associated with less of calorie and high-fat diet (HFD). NAFLD causes mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing of MnSOD activity. This study aimed to compare the response of hepatocytes to the provision of HFD in rat with different caloric intake during infancy. This study uses the liver of 6 weeks Spraque Dawley rats which have been given a different caloric intake for 8 weeks, followed by HFD for 20 weeks. The groups were divided into less calorie + HFD (KK+TL), enough calories + HFD (CK+TL), high-calorie + HFD (TK+TL), and control. The parameters examined were liver weights, histopathology (HE and Masson Trichrome) and MnSOD activity (ELISA). The result showed no differences in liver weights and MnSOD activity in all groups. Steatosis was found in research groups, with higher percentage in KK+TL compared to CK+TL, TK+TL, and control (p<0,05). We conclude that giving of HFD for 20 weeks in adult rat with a history of different calorie intake during growth may cause steatosis, but there is no MnSOD activity disorder. Therefore, the provision of HFD in the case of less calorie still need to be considered and investigated especially for its safety and efficiency."

"Background : Laminoplasty was developed to widen the spinal canal dimensions without permanently removing the dorsal elements of the cervical spine. The retained dorsal elements should aid in the prevention of muscle scarring to the dura and potentially reduce the incidence of postoperative instability.Cervical laminoplasty has been advocated as an alternative procedure to laminectomy for the decompression of the cervical spine. It provides favourable cord decompression and stabilisation of the cervical spine and is a simpler and safer alternative to anterior fusion and laminectomy for myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy, due to degenerative cervical stenosis. Most authors report outcome based on the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system. Reported results include mean preoperative and postoperative scores for all patients, and a calculated rate of recovery is provided. The mean recovery rate after the Hirabayashi expansive laminoplasty is approximately 60%. To know the outcome, we evaluated 9 patients with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis that had been treated with laminopalsty using JOA score and Oswestry disability index questioner also the correlation between them.Methods : We performed pre and post interventional study on patients with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis with moderate until severe stenosis that had failed non operative treatment from January 2007 -June 2008 at Cipto mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. With JOA score as clinicall approach and Oswestri Disability Index (001) questioner by patient approach, we identify the cervical spine function of the patients before and after laminoplasty (1 month, & 6 month post operative)Results: There were significant difference of JOA and 001 score before and after decompression by laminoplasty with p<0.05. The improvement of cervical spine function also significantly increase until 6 months after surgery compare to the 1$ month post operative JOA and 001 score (p=0.028, p=0.035 respectically). There is strong correlation between them (r=0.804).Conclusion : Laminoplasty decompression technique can improve the cervical spine clinically (increase the JOA score) and quality of life (decrease the 001 score) of patient with degenerative cevical spinal stenosis."

"Ruang Iingkup dan cara penelitian: Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa buah dan sayur berperan panting dalam mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif dan penuaan dini. Di dalam bahan slam pangan ini banyak terkandung senyawa fitokimia yang berperan sebagai somber antioksidan. Beberapa antioksidan terdapat di dalam bahan alam pangan, seperti vitamin C, vitamin E, karotenoid dan polifenol. Telah banyak dilaporkan bahwa kontribusi senyawa fenol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan lebih besar dibandingkan vitamin C, E dan karotenoid. Setiap bahan slam pangan memiliki jenis dan aktivitas antioksidan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenol total yang terkandung dalam ekstrak bahan alam pangan, yaitu jahe, mengkudu, pisang, tomat, bawang merah, bawang putih dan minyak buah merah (MBM), serta menganalisis kontribusi senyawa fenol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan total ekstrak tersebut. Aktivitas antioksidan total ditentukan dengan metode penghambatan radikal bebas sintetik 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH'), sedangkan kandungan fend total diukur dengan metode Singleton dan Rossi menggunakan pereaksi Folln Ciocalteu. Analisis kontribusi senyawa fenol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan total ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode statistik analisis regresi. Pengujian diawali dengan mencelupkan bahan ke dalam alkohol mendidih kemudian bahan tersebut dilumatkan, ekstraksi dilakukan dengan aseton 80% atau metanol 70%, sedangkan MBM diekstraksi dengan campuran air dan heksan. Larutan ekstrak kerudian dikeringkan dan residu dilarutkan dengan metanol 50% seterusnya dilakukan pengukuran kandungan fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan total. Kandungan fenol total dinyatakan sebagai mg ekivalen asam galat/l00 g bahan segar, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan total dinyatakan sebagai pmo! ekivalen - TROLOX, butil hidroksi toluen (BHT), dan vitamin C/100 g bahan segar. Hasil dan kesimpulan: Kandungan fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan total untuk semua bahan (kecuali MBM) yang diekstraksi dengan aseton 80% dibandingkan dengan metanol 70% tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Jahe mempunyai kandungan fenol total yang paling tinggi, diikuti mengkudu, bawang merah, bawang putih, pisang, tomat dengan pembanding asam galat. Sedangkan kandungan fenol total MBM hampir tidak terdeteksi. Antioksidan sintetik TROLOX mempunyai kekuatan antioksidan yang lebih besar dibandingkan vitamin C dan BHT dalam menangkal radikal bebas DPPH. Jahe mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi, diikuti mengkudu, pisang, bawang merah, bawang putih dan MBM bail( dengan pembanding TROLOX, BHT maupun vitamin C. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi dinyatakan korelasi antara kandungan fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan total cukup kuat dengan koefisien korelasi, R2 = 0.81, terutama untuk jahe, mengkudu, pisang dan MBM. Dad hasii ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa fenol pada bahan alam tersebut memberikan kontribusi kuat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, karena 81% kapasitas antioksidan dari bahan alam pangan tersebut berasal dari senyawa-senyawa fenol. Sedangkan senyawa fenol pada bawang merah, bawang putih dan tomat memberi kontribusi yang kurang kuat, yang mungkin disebabkan adanya kandungan antioksidan lain di dalam bahan alam tersebut yang lebih dominan seperti: karotenoid, vitamin C dan vitamin E.

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Several studies have demonstrated that fruits and vegetables play an essential role in preventing degenerative diseases and aging process. Plant foods contain many phytochemicals which have an antioxidant effect, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and polyphenols. There were several reports that the contribution of phenol compounds to antioxidant activity was much greater than those of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. Plant foods contain many different classes and activity of antioxidant. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenols content in several plant food extracts, i.e. ginger, noni, tomato, banana, shallot, garlic and red fruit oil (RFC)), as well as to analyze the contribution of phenol compounds to total antioxidant activity of these extracts. The total antioxidant activity was determined using 1-diphenyl-2 pycrilhydrazyl (DPPH') free radical scavenging method, whereas the total phenols content was measured using Fofin Ciocalteu reagent based on Singleton & Rossi method. The contribution of phenol compounds was statistically analyzed using regression analysis method. The experiment was started by plunging the materials into boiling alcohol then blend and extracted the materials with 80% acetone and 70% methanol respectively, whereas RFO was extracted using H2O : hexane (1:1). Extract solution was evaporated until dryness then dissolved with methanol 50%. The total phenols content were expressed as galic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight and the total antioxidant activity as TROLOX, Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) and vitamin C equivalent/100 g fresh weight. The total phenols content and total antioxidant activity of almost every plant foods (except RFO) extracted using 80% of acetone compared to 70% of methanol statistically showed no significant difference. Ginger extract has the highest total phenols content, followed by noni, shallot, garlic, banana and tomato. Surprisingly, the total phenol content of RFO extract was almost undetected. In scavenging the free radical of DPPH', TROLOX, an synthetic antioxidant, has an antioxidant capacity higher than other synthetic antioxidant, such as Vitamin C and BHT. The total antioxidant activity of ginger was the highest one, followed by noni, banana, shallot, garlic and RFO extracts, using either TROLOX, BHT or Vitamin C as a standard. The result of statistical regression analysis showed the good correlation between total phenols content and total antioxidant activity with a coefficient of R2 = 0.81, especially in ginger, noni, banana and RFO extracts. Therefore, we could conclude that the phenol compounds of these plant food extracts give a strong contribution to antioxidant activity, since 81% of antioxidant capacity of these extracts come from the phenol compounds. However, the contribution of phenol compounds in shallot, garlic or tomato extracts to total antioxidant activity was not dominant due to the presence of other essential natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamin C and vitamin E."

"Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit menular langsung yang disebabkan oleh kuman mycobacterium tuberculosis, sebagai kuman TB yang menyerang paru tetapi dapat mengenai organ tubuh lainnya. Kuman ini mempunyai sifat khusus yaitu tahan terhadap asam sehingga disebut bakteri tahan asam (BTA). Perencanaan program penanggulangan tuberkulosis adalah proses perencanaan yang bersifat multidisiplin, lintas sektor dan lintas program untuk memberantas penyakit tuberkulosis dengan menurunkan angka kesakitan (morbiditas) dan angka kematian (mortalitas) karena penyakit tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Penelitian menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Secara umum belum tercapainya angka penemuan penderita baru BTA positif dan angka kesembuhan lebih disebabkan karena sumber daya manusia yang belum optimal baik dari segi jumlah, kemampuan dan kualifikasinya, sarana pendukung untuk proses perencanaan program yang masih kurang yaitu data yang masih kurang lengkap dan dana program untuk penanggulangan program yang masih tebatas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka disarankan agar dalam melakukan tahapan perencanaan program penanggulangan Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Singkil Utara perlu dilakukan lebih maksimal sehingga dalam masing-masing tahapan perencanaan tersebut memang benar-benar dilakukan dengan teratur dan terencana, diharapkan pula koordinasi dan keterpaduan antar program dan sektor lebih ditingkatkan lagi sehingga efektifitas dan efisiensi dalam penanggulangan Tuberkulosis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Singkil Utara dapat tercapai.

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Tuberculosis is a direct contagious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis germ, as a TB germ which attacked lungs but can hit other organs. This germ has a special nature which is resistant of acid therefore called acid resistant bacteria (ARB). The planning of tuberculosis prevention program is a multidisciplinary, cross-sectional and cross-program planning process to exterminate tuberculosis disease by decreasing the mordibity rate and mortality rate caused by tuberculosis disease. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive design. The research used in-depth interview, observation, and documents review methods. Generally, the discovery rate of new patients of positive ARB and cure rate are not yet achieved due to the unoptimal human resourche either from total, skill or qualification aspects, lack of supporting facilities for the program planning process which are lack of data and limited program funding for the program prevention. Based on the research’s results, it is suggested that in conducting the Tuberculosis prevention program planning step in North Singkil Health Center, needed to be done more maximum so that on each step of that planning truly done regularly and planned, it is also expected for the coordination and integration between programs and sectors to be improved so that the effectiveness and efficiency in Tuberculosis prevention in North Singkil Health Center working area can be achieved."

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Peran pendamping dalam berjalannya program pendampingan dan perawatan lanjut usia di lingkungan keluarga (Home Care) sangatlah penting. Maka dari itu diharapkan pendamping memiliki perilaku prososial dalam menjalankan perannya. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perilaku prososial pada pendamping lansia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kulitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bahwa semua pendamping memiliki perilaku prososial, yang terbagi kedalam  beberapa pendamping yang memiliki perilaku altruis karena adanya motivasi altruism concern dan beberapa pendamping yang memiliki perilaku menolong karena adanya motivasi egoistic concern di dalam diri pendamping. Perbedaan perilaku prososial ini yang menyebabkan perbedaan pendampingan yang diberikan pendamping kepada lansianya.

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The role of companion in passage of mentoring programs and elderly care in a Home Care is very important. Thus it is expected that all companion had prosocial behavior in their role as an elderly companion. This thesis discusses the existing prosocial behavior in elderly companion. This study using qualitative approach with descriptive research method. The results of this study describe that all companion had prosocial behavior, which being divided into two type of motivation, there are some companion who has altruistic behavior because of the altruism concern and there are some who have a companion helping behavior because of the egoistic concern. This Prosocial behavior difference causing the difference type of mentoring given to the other elderly."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas biaya antara Puskesmas yang menerapkan PAL dengan yang tidak menerapkan PAL dalam penanganan Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kota Administratif Jakarta Timur, dengan melakukan perhitungan menggunakan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) untuk mendapatkan biaya per aktifitas. Penilaian efektifitas berdasarkan perbandingan antara penjumlahan komponen biaya pada masing-masing alternatif dengan output penelitian yang meliputi efektifitas pengobatan, Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY's) serta Kegagalan/drop out yang dapat dihindari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas PAL lebih efektif dalam penanganan Tuberkulosis Paru berdasarkan output kegagalan/drop out yang dapat dihindari.

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This research purposes to compare cost effectivity between Center of Health which implements PAL and Non PAL in treatment Pulmonary Tuberculosis on administrative district East Jakarta. It uses Activity Based Costing (ABC) method to obtain cost per activity. The effectivity evaluation is based on comparison between total cost component at each alternatives with output consists of medical treatment effectiveness, Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY's) and prevented failure/drop out. The result shows that Puskesmas with PAL is more effective in Pulmonary Tuberculosis treatment based on prevented failure/drop out."

"Penyebab bayi dengan HIV sebagian besar terjadi karena penularan dari ibunya. Ibu hamil dengan HIV dapat menularkan virus kepada bayinya selama proses kehamilan, persalinan atau saat menyusui. Pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak (PPIA) merupakan intervensi yang sangat efektif untuk mencegah penularan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami implementasi program pencegahan penularan penyakit HIV dari ibu ke anak (PPIA) di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cempaka Putih dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Johar Baru Jakarta Pusat tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara wawancara dan telaahan dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu perlu adanya komitmen dalam menanggulangi masalah HIV dalam pelaksanaan program pencegahan penularan penyakit HIV dari ibu ke anak dengan meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada sasaran program yakni ibu hamil, pelatihan untuk SDM pelaksana program, peningkatan kualitas kegiatan konseling pra-tes dan pasca tes tentang HIV/AIDS, pengintegrasian pencatatan dan pelaporan serta penjadwalan monitoring dan evalusi yang lebih jelas. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu komunikasi, dana, standar operasional prosedur, sumber daya manusia, dan fasilitas mempengaruhi pelaksanaan proses pelayanan PPIA yang meliputi kegiatan konseling pra-tes dan pasca tes tentang HIV/AIDS, skrining HIV pada Ibu hamil, mekanisme rujukan, pencatatan dan pelaporan, serta kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasi. Seluruh proses tersebut memberikan pengaruh terhadap ketercapaian cakupan tes HIV kepada semua Ibu hamil.

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The cause of babies with HIV is mostly due to transmission from their mother. Pregnant women with HIV can pass the virus to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth or while breastfeeding. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is a very effective intervention to prevent such transmission. This study aims to understand the implementation of the prevention program of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Puskesmas Cempaka Putih and Puskesmas Johar Baru Central Jakarta 2020. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing and reviewing documents. The results of this study are that there needs to be a commitment to tackling the problem of HIV in the implementation of prevention programs for HIV transmission from mother to child by increasing socialization to program targets, namely pregnant women, training for program implementing human resources, improving the quality of pre-test and post-test counseling activities about HIV/AIDS, the integration of recording and reporting as well as a clearer scheduling of monitoring and evaluation. The conclusion of this study is that communication, funds, standard operating procedures, human resources, and facilities affect the implementation of the PMTCT service process which includes pre-test and post-test counseling activities about HIV/AIDS, HIV screening for pregnant women, referral mechanisms, recording and reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation activities. The entire process has an impact on the achievement of HIV testing coverage for all pregnant women."

"Puskesmas adalah fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama yang menjadi salah satu pilihan terdekat untuk mendapatkan layanan kesehatan. Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres memiliki beberapa pelayanan kesehatan, salah satunya adalah Poli Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM). Pasien penyakit tidak menular pada umumnya memerlukan pengendalian kondisi yang lama atau pengobatan jangka panjang serta umumnya mendapatkan lebih dari satu macam obat. Kondisi ini menyebabkan pasien rentan mengalami Drug Related Problem (DRPs). Unit farmasi puskesmas bertanggung jawab terhadap pelayanan farmasi kepada pasien untuk memaksimalkan efikasi dan meminimalkan efek samping. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan identifikasi pada lima pasien rawat jalan Poli PTM Puskemas Kalideres bulan Mei 2023 untuk mengetahui jenis dan angka kejadian DRP. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dan penilaian DRPs dilakukan berdasarkan klasifikasi Hepler-Strand. Dari hasil kajian, jenis kejadian DRPs yang ditemukan meliputi dosis subterapetik (2), dosis berlebih (1), dan interaksi obat bersifat major (6).

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Distrct health center is a first level health facility which is one of the closest options for getting health services. The Kalideres District Health Center has several health services, one of which is the Non-Communicable Diseases polyclinic. Patients with non-communicable diseases generally require long-term condition control or long-term treatment and generally receive more than one type of medication. This condition makes patients vulnerable to experiencing Drug Related Problems (DRPs). The pharmacy unit in district health center is responsible for providing pharmaceutical services to patients to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. In this study, five outpatient with non-communicable diseases were identified at the Kalideres District Health Center in May 2023 to determine the type and incidence of DRP. Data collection was carried out retrospectively and DRPs assessment was carried out based on the Hepler-Strand classification. From the results of the study, the types of DRPs found included subtherapeutic doses (2), overdoses (1), and major drug interactions (6)."