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"This study aims to describe and analyze the development of the harmonization of international conventions of migrant workers rights with the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act and to examine the process of adopting the substance of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act. This study uses legal normative research method by reviewing principles, concepts of law and related legislations and regulations. The results of this study shows that: harmonization of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into Law No. 18 of 2017 is carried out through a transformation that refers to the position of international conventions in Indonesian national law; and the substance of international conventions to protect the rights of migrant workers is adopted through two processes which are a political process of discussion of Amendment of Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 by the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia and civil society organizations and a legal processof referring Law No. 6 of 2012 in Amendment to Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 version of May 2016 and identifying seven findings to compare the Law No. 18 of 2017 and the ratification law of the Convention."

"Skripsi ini memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai bagaimana peraturan yang diatur dalam International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families mengenai pekerja migran di suatu negara, dan memberikan penjelasan bagaimana pengaturan tenaga kerja asing berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan), berikut dengan penerapan dari kedua instrumen tersebut terhadap studi beberapa kasus tenaga kerja asing yang terjadi di Indonesia. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, Penulis melakukan studi literatur dan wawancara ke beberapa pihak diantaranya yaitu Kementrian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, dan Kantor Imigrasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families belum diimplementasikan secara maksimal dalam ketentuan mengenai ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan). Hal ini dikarenakan masih ada beberapa isi Konvensi yang belum diterapkan, dan belum dilakukan pengawasan terhadap penerapannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi Konvensi dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia.

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This mini-thesis is to give a comprehensive explanation on how the rules set out in the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in the country, and provides information about how foreign workers is set up based on statutory provisions that apply in Indonesia (Law of Workers), as well as the application of both instruments on studying of foreign worker cases that happens in Indonesia. In conducting this research, the author do some literature review and interviews were held with representatives from the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, and Immigration Office.

The results of the study have shown that International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families has not been implemented to the statutory provisions of employment in Indonesia (Law of workers). This is because there are still some of the Convention that have not implemented, and has not performed oversight of its implementation. The results recommend in-depth review is needed to make sure that the Convention is well- implemented on Law of Workers Indonesia."

"Ketahanan keluarga yang kuat adalah aspek penting dalam rangka mengantisipasi datangnya ancaman atas terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok sebuah keluarga. Kesanggupan sebuah keluarga untuk dapat mencukupi kebutuhan primer keluarganya juga disebut sebagai ketahanan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI yang telah dipulangkan pada mengidentifikasi PMI yang terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi program pemberdayaan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara sebagai instrument utama. Informan terdiri dari perwakilan BP2MI (2) dan PMI purna yang berasal dari Kabupaten Karawang (7). Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ketahanan ekonomi keluarga, teori pemberdayaan masyarakat, ketahanan nasional dan konsep ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI setelah terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketahanan ekonomi PMI setelah mengikuti program pemberdayaan belum optimal.  Hal ini diukur dengan salah satu indikator ketahanan keluarga yang dirilis KemenPPA 2016. Strategi terhadap ketahanan keluarga PMI yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah harus memberikan dampak konkrit kepada PMI yang dipulangkan ke Indonesia.

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Strong family resilience is an important aspect in anticipating threats to the fulfillment of a families basic needs. The ability of a family to be able to provide for the primary needs of the family is also referred to as family resilience. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of the economic resilience of PMI families who have been sent home to identify PMI who are accommodated in empowerment programs  for the economic resilience of PMI families. This study uses a qualitative approach with informants consisted of BP2MI representatives (2) and full-time PMI is from Karawang Regency (7). The theories and concepts used in this study are the theory of family economic resilience, community empowerments theory, national resilience and the concept of family resilience. This study analyzes the condition of the PMI family’s economic resilience after being accommodated in the empowerment program. The results showed that PMI’s economic resilience after participating in the program was not optimal. This is measured by one of the family resilience indicator released by KemenPPA 2016. The strategy for PMI family resilience proclaimed by the government must have a concret impact on PMI who are repatriated to Indonesia."

"Pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Isu kesehatan masyarakat kemudian menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah dalam pengambilan kebijakan dibidang ketenagakerjaan. Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) juga terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Pra Penempatan Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) Pasca Masa Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dan pengumpulan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia program perlindungan pra penempatan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia CPMI telah dilaksanakan secara maksimal oleh UPT BP2MI dengan memprioritaskan kesehatan pekerja migran pada masa pandemi ataupun pasca pandemi, serta mengimplementasikan kebijakan pelindungan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun faktor yang menjadi hambatan atau kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan pasca penempatan buruh Migran Indonesia yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi dari perangkat yang terkait serta peraturan yang tidak konsisten, sehingga mengakibatkan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan kebijakan terkait pra penempatan calon pekerja migran. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah memberi pelajaran bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan pelindungan kepada CPMI yang bersifat fleksibel dan sesuai dengan isu termutakhir.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected labour conditions in Indonesia. Public health issues then become the government's top priority in making policies in the labour sector. Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) are also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the Implementation of Pre-placement Protection Policies for Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) after the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study of UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, and document collection. The results showed that the implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers pre-placement protection programme for prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers CPMI has been implemented optimally by UPT BP2MI by prioritising the health of migrant workers during the pandemic or post-pandemic, and implementing protection policies taken by the Government of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.The factors that become obstacles or constraints in the implementation of post-placement protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers are the lack of socialisation from related devices and inconsistent changes in regulations that in turn resulting in less than optimal implementation of policies related to pre-placement of prospective migrant workers. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided lessons for the Indonesian government to make protection policies for CPMI that are flexible and in accordance with the latest issues."

"Fenomena Pekerja Migran Indonesia non prosedural merupakan bentuk migrasi tenaga kerja secara ilegal dan berisiko membahayakan kemaslahatan hidupnya sehingga diperlukan suatu skema pemulangan pekerja migran Indonesia non prosedural sebagai bentuk perlindungan negara terhadap hak dasar warga negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode doktrinal dan didukung data komparatif terkait skema pemulangan imigran ilegal di beberapa negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenomena pekerja migran Indonesia non prosedural terjadi pada saat pekerja migran Indonesia bermigrasi namun tidak sesuai prosedur administratif ataupun teknis yang berlaku. Perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja migran Indonesia diberikan sebelum, selama, dan setelah bekerja. Skema pemulangan pekerja migran Indonesia bermasalah telah diatur dalam Peraturan BNP2TKI Nomor 3 Tahun 2019 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Pelayanan Kepulangan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Bermasalah Sampai Ke Daerah Asal, namun dikarenakan status non proseduralnya, maka hal ini sulit untuk diterapkan dan berkenaan dengan yurisdiksi negara penempatan. Oleh sebab itu skema ideal dilaksanakan berdasarkan hak asasi manusia selaku warga negara Indonesia yang wajib dilindungi kepentingannya oleh negara, sehingga negara dapat memberikan layanan pendampingan pekerja migran Indonesia non prosedural dalam menjalani prosedur di negara penempatan dengan memperhatikan batasan-batasan melalui aspek sosial, kesehatan dan keselamatan, serta hak asasi manusia.

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The phenomenon of non-procedural Indonesian migrant workers is a form of migration that crosses country illegally and risking their life welfare. Therefore, the repatriation scheme for these non procedural workers is urgently needed as a form of protection for basic human rights. This research used doctrinal method and supported by comparison of data in several countries. The research results show non-procedural Indonesian migrant workers occurs because worker intend to migrate from one country to another without following administrative or technical procedures. Legal protection of Indonesian migrant workers is given before, during, and after work. The repatriation scheme for problematic Indonesian migrant workers is regulated in the Regulation of the National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Number 3 of 2019 about technical Instructions for the Return of Problematic Indonesian Migrant Workers to Their Origin. However, due to a lack of valid documents, the Indonesian government found it difficult to support non procedural migrant worker repatriation, because usually non procedural migrant violates the host country’s immigration law. Therefore, the ideal scheme of repatriating non procedural Indonesian migrant workers performed based on their basic rights as Indonesian citizens that must be protected by the government. Government can provide accompaniment for non- procedural Indonesian migrant workers facing law sanctions in the host country while still considering social aspects, health and safety, as well as human rights."

"Risiko Pekerja Migran Indonesia terlibat dalam paktik migrasi nonprosedural berawal pada tingkat terendah, yaitu desa sebagai daerah asal mereka. Walaupun negara telah menjamin pelindungan untuk pekerja migran dalam instumen hukum nasional melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 18 tahun 2017, tetapi dalam penerapannya belum dapat menyediakan pelindungan yang optimal pada tingkat desa. Program Desbumi begerak dari akar rumput untuk memastikan terciptanya keamanan bermigrasi bagi pekerja migran melalui tiga pilar utama, yaitu pendataan dan diseminasi informasi, pembangunan institusi, dan pemberdayaan pekerja migran dan keluarga. Tujuan dari penulisan in adalah melihat bagaimana faktor dan situasi berisiko bagi pekerja migran dapat direduksi melalui pendekatan pencegahan berbasis risiko.

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The risk of Indonesian Migrant Workers being involved in non-procedural migration practices begins at the lowest level, namely the village as their area of origin. Even though the state has guaranteed protection for migrant workers in national legal instruments through Law Number 18 of 2017, in its implementation it has not been able to provide optimal protection at the village level. The Desbumi program moves from the grassroots to create migration security for migrant workers through three main pillars, such as data collection and information dissemination, development institutions, and empowerment of migrant workers and their families. The aim of this paper is to see how risk factors and situations for migrant workers can be reduced through a risk-based prevention approach."