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"Penelitian ini menganalisis risiko kredit, risiko likuiditas dan profitabilitas Bank Asing di Indonesia pada periode 2009-2018 di mana sejak 2014, Bank Asing diwajibkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan permodalan baru dalam rangka penerapanBasel 3, yakni regulasi Capital Equivalency Maintained Assets (CEMA). CEMA mengharuskan modal Bank Asing untuk ditempatkan pada aset keuangan tertentu, sehingga dana tersebut tidak dapat dipergunakan untuk penyaluran kredit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bank Asing memiliki risiko kredit yang lebih baik (terlihat dari penurunan NPL dan peningkatan CAR), namun mengalami penurunan profitabilitas (terlihat dari penurunan ROA). Selain itu, risiko likuiditas yang diharapkan dapat turut dimitigasi, ternyata mengalami peningkatan (terlihat dari penyaluran kredit yang meningkat dan LDR yang tetap tinggi). Pada Bank Asing BUKU 2, penerapan CEMA tidak memberikan perubahan signifikan bagi penurunan NPL dan perubahan LDR. Pasca penerapan CEMA, risiko kredit pada Bank Asing BUKU 3 lebih membaik sedangkan risiko likuiditasnya lebih meningkat dibandingkan pada Bank Asing BUKU 2. Walaupun demikian, profitabilitas Bank Asing BUKU 2 lebih menurun dibandingkan Bank Asing BUKU 3. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji beda mean two sample dengan t- Test.

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The study is analysing credit risk, liquidity risk and profitability of foreign banks in Indonesia for the period 2009-2018, of which since 2014, foreign banks are required to meet new capital requirements following implementation of Basel 3, which is the regulation of Capital Equivalency Maintained Assets (CEMA). CEMA requires foreign banks to channel their capital into specific financial assets, which resulting the funds cannot be used for credit disbursement. Result of the study shows that foreign banks have better credit risk (shown by lower NPL and increase in CAR), however they experiences lower profitability (shown by lower ROA). In addition to that, liquidity risk which was intended to be mitigated, is actually showing elevated level (shown by continuously increase of credit disbursement while LDR ratio is still showing high). BUKU 2 type foreign banks after CEMA implementation does not significantly have lower NPL nor have change of LDR ratio. After CEMA implementation, credit risk of BUKU 3 trpe foreign banks is better while their liquidity risk is elevated compare to BUKU 2 type foreign banks. On the contrary, profitability of BUKU 2 type foreign banks are lower compare to BUKU 3 type foreign banks. This study is using method of mean two sample difference with t-Test."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara modal bank, likuiditas bank, risiko kredit, dan leverage terhadap profitabilitas bank umum di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari data panel dari 66 bank umum di Indonesia selama periode 2019-2023. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), yang dipilih untuk mengatasi masalah endogenitas dan heteroskedastisitas. Temuan dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa modal bank memiliki dampak negatif terhadap profitabilitas bank. Likuiditas bank memiliki efek positif yang signifikan terhadap NIM, tetapi tidak signifikan untuk ROA dan ROE. Risiko kredit ditemukan memiliki dampak negatif terhadap semua model profitabilitas bank, tetapi hanya signifikan untuk ROE. Leverage memiliki efek positif pada ROE dan NIM. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi perusahaan perbankan, regulator, dan stakeholder lainnya untuk mengelola faktor-faktor tersebut guna meningkatkan profitabilitas bank. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan kontribusi bagi literatur akademis mengenai determinan profitabilitas bank di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia.

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This study aims to investigate the relationship between bank capital, bank liquidity, credit risk, and leverage on the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia. The sample comprises panel data from 66 commercial banks in Indonesia over the period 2019-2023. The data were analyzed using the Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method, chosen to address issues of endogeneity and heteroskedasticity. The findings of this study reveal that bank capital has a negative impact on bank profitability. Bank liquidity has a significant positive effect on NIM but is not significant for ROA and ROE. Credit risk is found to have a negative impact on all models of bank profitability, but is only significant for ROE. Leverage has a positive effect on ROE and NIM. These results provide important insights for bank, regulator, and any other stakeholders to manage these factors to enhance bank profitability. Additionally, this study contributes to the academic literature on the determinants of bank profitability in developing countries like Indonesia."

"Sektor perbankan memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara, dimana kinerja perbankan menjadi faktor yang penting dalam menjaga stabilitas ekonomi nasional. Salah satu tolak ukur kinerja perbankan adalah profitabilitas, yang dalam upaya pencapaiannya tidak terlepas dari risiko seperti risiko kredit, risiko operasional dan risiko likuditas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh risiko kredit (yang diwakilkan oleh rasio NPL), risiko operasional (yang diwakilkan oleh rasio BOPO) dan risiko likuditas (yang diwakilkan oleh rasio LDR) terhadap profitabilitas bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 19 bank umum yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2010 – 2019. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah profitabilitas bank yang diwakilkan oleh return on asset (ROA) dan return on equity (ROE), sedangkan variabel independennya adalah risiko kredit (diwakilkan oleh rasio NPL), risiko operasional (yang diwakilkan oleh rasio BOPO) dan risiko likuditas (diwakilkan oleh rasio LDR). Penelitian juga mempertimbangkan tiga variabel kontrol yakni ukuran bank, umur bank dan perubahan manajemen. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko kredit dan risiko operasional memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank, sedangkan risiko likuditas memiliki pengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap ROA dan negatif signifikan terhadap ROE. Selain itu, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa ukuran bank memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROA dan positif signifikan terhadap ROE. Umur bank memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ROA dan positif tidak signifikan terhadap ROE. Terakhir, perubahan manajemen memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ROA, dan positif tidak signifikan terhadap ROE. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan risiko kredit, risiko operasional dan risiko likuditas berakibat pada penurunan profitabilitas bank. Kemudian, dengan meningkatnya ukuran bank berarti ROE juga semakin meningkat, namun ROA menurun. Semakin besar umur bank, atau semakin lama bank beroperasi, maka profitabilitasnya akan meningkat. Terakhir perubahan manajemen menyebabkan peningkatan profitabilitas bank.

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Banking sector has an important role in the economic development of a country, in which banking performance becomes an important factor to keep the national economic stability. One of the benchmarks for banking performance is profitability, which in order to achieve, cannot be separated from risks such as credit risk, operational risk and liquidity risk. The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of credit risk, operational risk, and liquidity risk to commercial bank profitability in Indonesia. The research used secondary data from 19 commercial banks that were listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2010 – 2019. The dependent variable of this research is profitability based on return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), while the independent variables are credit risk (based on non-performing loan ratio), operational risk (based on operational expense to operational income ratio) and liquidity risk (based on loan-to-deposit ratio). In addition, this research also considers the impact of three control variables namely, bank size, bank age, and management change. The analysis method of this research are descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that credit risk and operational risk have a negative significant impact on commercial bank profitability, while liquidity risk has a negative impact on commercial bank profitability. The impact is insignificant to profitability based on ROA, while it is significant to profitability based on ROE. Also, this research discovers that bank size has a negative significant impact on commercial bank profitability based on ROA, but the impact is positive insignificant to profitability based on ROE. Bank age has a positive significant impact on commercial bank profitability based on ROA, and a positive insignificant impact on commercial bank profitability based on ROE. Lastly, management change has a positive significant impact on commercial bank profitability. In conclusion, the rise of credit risk, operational risk and liquidity risk will result in the decline of bank profitability. The increase of bank size will result in the decrease of ROA and raise of ROE. The longer bank operates, or the higher bank age is, the profitability will also increase, while the change in management will result in the rise of profitability"

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh risiko kredit yang ditunjukkan oleh pinjaman berisiko, yaitu pinjaman diberikan oleh pihak bank yang tidak dapat dibayarkan kembali oleh pihak peminjam, terhadap profitabilitas dan likuiditas bank yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai-nilai rasio kinerja pada bank, yaitu Net Interest Margin, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, dan Cash Flow to Total Assets. Risiko kredit menjadi salah satu masalah utama yang terjadi yang pada krisis keuangan, sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut pengaruh risiko kredit terhadap kinerja perbankan dalam menghadapi krisis keuangan di masa mendatang. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data pada laporan keuangan dari perusahaan perbankan konvensional yang terdapat di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 hingga 2014. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis regresi data panel model Fixed Effect. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif dari pinjaman berisiko yang diberikan oleh perusahaan perbankan terhadap profitabilitas dan likuiditas perusahaan tersebut.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of credit risk indicated by risky loans, the loans granted by the bank which cannot be repaid by the borrower, on the profitability and liquidity of banks indicated by the performance ratio on banks, which are Net Interest Margin, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Cash Flow to Total Assets. Credit risk becomes one of the main problems that occurred were in a financial crisis, so it needs to be further investigated the effect of credit risk on bank performance to face the financial crisis in the future. The data used in this study is data on the financial statements of the conventional banking firm located in Indonesia in 2010 to 2014. In this study used regression analysis of panel data models Fixed Effect. Results of this study indicate that there are negative effects of risky loans granted by the banking company to profitability and liquidity."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh risiko kredit, risiko likuiditas, modal bank, dan efisiensi biaya terhadap profitabilitas bank di ASEAN 5 yang terdiri dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Profitabilitas bank diukur menggunakan return on average assets (ROAA), return on average equity (ROAE), dan net interest margin (NIM). Adapun sampel dari penelitian ini sebanyak 47 bank di ASEAN 5 pada periode pengamatan selama 10 tahun (2010-2019). Peneliti menggunakan metode two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) dalam mengestimasi secara empiris variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara bersamaan variabel independen, variabel kontrol, dan variabel makroekonomi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank. Variabel risiko kredit dan efisiensi biaya memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank. Sedangkan variabel risiko likuiditas dan modal bank memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.

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This study aims to determine the effect of credit risk, liquidity risk, bank capital, and cost efficiency on the profitability of banks in ASEAN 5 consists of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Bank profitability is measured using return on average assets (ROAA), return on average equity (ROAE), and net interest margin (NIM). The sample from this study was 47 banks in ASEAN 5 during the 10-year observation period (2010-2019). The researcher uses the two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) method in estimating the research variables empirically. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously independent variables, control variables, and macroeconomic variables have a significant effect on bank profitability. The credit risk and cost efficiency variables have a negative and significant impact on bank profitability. Meanwhile, liquidity risk and bank capital variables have a positive and significant impact on bank profitability."

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Abstrak

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana hubungan risiko likuiditas dengan risiko kredit pada bank Syariah dan bank konvensional serta melihat bagaimana pengaruh risiko likuiditas terhadap stabilitas pada bank Syariah dan bank konvensional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 30 bank konvensional dan 11 bank Syariah yang berada di Indonesia dengan rentang waktu selama tahun 2013-2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah estimasi data panel 3 stage least square. 3 stage least square dapat digunakan untuk meneliti persamaan simultan. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa risiko likuiditas dengan risiko kredit memiliki hubungan interkoneksi yang signifikan pada bank Syariah dan memiliki arah negatif, namun tidak signifikan pada bank konvensional. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menemukan hubungan interkoneksi risiko likuiditas dengan stabilitas pada bank Syariah signifikan dengan arah positif, namun tidak signifikan pada bank konvensional.

 

Kata Kunci: Risiko Likuiditas, Risiko Kredit, Stabilitas Bank, Bank Syariah, Bank Konvensional

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Abstract

 

This study aims to look at how the relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk in Islamic banks and conventional banks and see how the effect of liquidity risk on stability in Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia. This study uses a sample of 30 conventional banks and 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia with a time span of 2013-2018. The research method used is the estimation of panel data 3 stage least square. 3 stage least square can be used to examine simultaneous equations. The results found that liquidity risk and credit risk have a significant interconnection relationship with Islamic banks and have a negative direction, but not significantly in conventional banks. In addition, this study also found a relationship between liquidity risk interconnection and stability in Sharia banks which was significant in a positive direction, but not significantly in conventional banks.

 

Keywords: Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, Bank Stability, Sharia Bank, Conventional Bank

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh risiko kredit dan risiko likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas pada sektor perbankan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fixed effect model. Data yang digunakan pada penilitian ini yaitu data panel yang diperoleh dari 45 perbankan ASEAN 5 dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa risko kredit berupa Loan Loss Provision (LLP) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan negatif terhadap profitabilitas (Return on Asset dan Return on Equity) sedangkan risiko kredit berupa Non Performing Loan (NPL) serta risiko likuiditas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of credit risk and liquidity risk on profitability in the banking sector. The method used in this research is fixed effect model. The data used in this study are panel data obtained from 45 ASEAN 5 banks from 2014 to 2018. The results show that credit risk in the form of Loan Loss Provision (LLP) has a significant negative effect on profitability (Return on Assets and Return on Equity) while credit risk in the form of Non Performing Loans (NPL) and liquidity risk does not significantly influence profitability."

"Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh konsentrasi portofolio kredit bank terhadap profitabilitas efisiensi dan risiko kredit bank yang masing masing menggunakan proksi ROA BOPO serta NPL dan LLP selama periode 2010-2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan rasio Herfindahl Hirshmann Index HHI dan Absolute Distance Measure AD sebagai proksi konsentrasi kredit. Dengan menggunakan metode Fixed Effect Model dan sampel sebanyak 29 bank umum konvensional selama 5 periode ditemukan bahwa konsentrasi portofolio kredit berpengaruh signifikasn positif terhadap ROA bank dan berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap NPL LLP dan BOPO.

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This research intend to examine the effect of loan portfolio concentration on Indonesian banks profitability efficiency and credit risk using banks ROA Cost Efficiency BOPO also NPL and LLP as the proxy for each variable over the period 2010-2014. This research incorporating the Herfindahl Hirshmann Index HHI and Absolute Distance Measure AD to measure loan concentration. Using Fixed Effect Model with sample size of 29 banks over the period of 5 years it is found that loan portfolio concentration is significantly positive affecting banks ROA and significantly negative affecting banks NPL LLP and Cost Efficiency."

"[ ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari diversifikasi pendapatan yang dilakukan bank umum di Indonesia terhadap risiko kredit, kecukupan modal dan profitabilitas bank tersebut. Diversifikasi pendapatan diukur dengan melihat porsi pendapatan non bunga terhadap total pendapatan. Hipotesis diuji dengan regresi panel data melalui analisis random effect model. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasi data dari 180 bank umum di Indonesia periode 2011- 2013. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi pendapatan yang dilakukan oleh bank memiliki hubungan positif dengan risiko kredit, kecukupan modal dan profitabilitas bank.

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ABSTRACT This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

, This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

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