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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Perbaikan fungsi sosial adalah salah satu tujuan tatalaksana skizofrenia. Beberapa studi menunjukkan fungsi sosial dipengaruhi oleh gejala positif, gejala negatif, dan gangguan neurokognitif. Tatalaksana secara farmakologis memiliki manfaat yang efektif untuk mengatasi gejala positif seperti halusinasi dan waham,namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap fungsi sosial. Demikian juga, rehabilitasi kognitif memiliki manfaat terbatas untuk meningkatkan fungsi sosial. Studi terbaru menunjukkan bahwa kognisi sosial menjadi salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi sosial. Pada pasien skizofrenia, terjadi penurunan beberada domain kognisi sosial.Terdapat berbagai metode untuk meningkatkan kognisi sosial, salah satunya adalah Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT). Modul SCIT menargetkan tiga domain kognisi sosial pada skizofrenia, yaitu : emotional processing, theory of mind, dan bias atribusi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian awal untuk menilai keandalan antar penilai Modul SCIT untuk skizofrenia versi Indonesia.Metode. Studi ini merupakan uji keandalan antar penilai modul SCIT untuk skizofrenia versi Indonesia terhadap implementasi aktivitas dalam setiap sesi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti di modul SCIT pada kelompok sehat. Besar sampel ditetapkan berdasarkan jumlah orang dalam satu kelompok berdasarkan ketentuan dari modul yaitu 7 orang.Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan Intraclass Correlation Cofficient (ICC) dengan total nilai tiap sesi modul dibandingkan antar penilai.Hasil. Keandalan antar penilai pada modul SCIT versi Indonesia ini sangat baik, dengan nilai Intraclass Correlation Cofficient (ICC) sebesar 0.985.Kesimpulan. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi modul SCIT versi Indonesia memperlihatkan bahwa konsistensi antar penilai yang sangat baik. Modul pelatihan ini bisa diterapkan dengan menyesuaikan situasi dan budaya di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTBackground. One of the goals of schizophrenia treatment is to improve the patient`s social functioning. Some studies show social function is influenced by positive symptoms, negative symptoms and neurocognitive disorders. Pharmacological treatment has effective benefits for dealing with positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, but does not have a significant effect on social functioning. Likewise, cognitive rehabilitation has limited benefits for improving social functioning. Recent studies have shown that social cognition is one of the factors that influence social functioning. In schizophrenia patients, there are decrease some domain of social cognition. There are various methods to improve social cognition, one of which is Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT). The SCIT module targetsthree domains of social cognition in schizophrenia, emotional processing, theory of mind, and attribution bias. This research is a preliminary study to assess the inter-rater reliability of SCIT module for schizophrenia in Indonesian version.Method. This study is an inter-rater reliability of SCIT module for schizophrenia in Indonesian version on the implementation of activities in each session conducted by researcher in SCIT module in healthy groups. The sample size is determined based on the number of people in one group based on the provisions of the module which is 7 people. Measurements were made using the Intraclass Correlation Cofficient (ICC) with the total value of each module session compared between raters.Results. The inter-rater reliability of SCIT module for schizophrenia in Indonesian version is very good, with the Intraclass Correlation Cofficient (ICC) value is 0.985.Conclusion. In this study, can be concluded that the implementation of the Indonesian version of SCIT module shows that the consistency among raters is very good. So that this training module can be implemented by adjusting to the situation and culture in Indonesia."

"Deficits in social cognition and metacognition in schizophrenics makes it difficult for them to understand the speech, facial expressions and hence emotion and intention of others, as well as allowing little insight into their own mental state. These deficits are associated with poor social skills, fewer social relationships, and are predictive of poorer performance in a work setting. Social cognition and metacognition in schizophrenia reviews recent research advances focusing on the precise nature of these deficits, when and how they manifest themselves, what their effect is on the course of schizophrenia, and how each can be treated. These deficits may themselves be why schizophrenia is so difficult to resolve, by focusing on the deficits, recovery may be quicker and long lasting.This book discusses such deficits in early onset, first episode, and prolonged schizophrenia, how the deficits relate to each other and to other forms of psychopathology, how the deficits affect social, psychological, and vocational functioning, and how best to treat the deficits in either individual or group settings."

"Social Cognition researchers look at how we make sense of other people and of ourselves. In this book Ziva Kunda provides a comprehensive and accessible survey of research and theory about social cognition at a level appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in the field."

"ABSTRAKFungsi eksekutif merupakan fungsi kognitif yang melibatkan pikiran dan perilaku yang kompleks. Defisit fungsi eksekutif menyebabkan terganggunya kemampuan untuk merencanakan, melakukan serta mengontrol tindakan. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCST merupakan tes neuropsikologi yang memiliki sejarah yang panjang sebagai pemeriksaan fungsi eksekutif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan instrumen untuk menilai fungsi eksekutif yaitu WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia dan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Rawat Jalan Psikiatri Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tanggal 27 Maret sampai 5 April 2018 terhadap 31 orang pasien skizofrenia dan 30 orang sehat, berusia 18 sampai 59 tahun dengan pendidikan minimum SMP, dengan sampling konsekutif setelah melalui tahap seleksi menggunakan Structured Clinical Inrterview and Diagnosis DSM IV SCID , tes Ishihara, tes Rosenbaum, uji pendengaran 5 kata, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading WTAR , PANSS Remisi, melakukan penerjemahan yang disesuaikan dengan Bahasa Indonesia, penerjemahan balik, uji validitas konstruksi, reliabilitas inter-rater dan reliabilitas internal instrumen WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia. Uji validitas konstruksi menggunakan analisis faktor mendapati adanya kesamaan hasil dengan uji validitas yang dilakukan oleh Bell dkk 1997 dan Sullivan dkk 1993 dengan meneliti 14 variabel dari WCST. Uji reliabilitas inter-rater menggunakan Interclass Correlation Coefficient ICC pada variabel respons perseveratif, kesalahan perseveratif, dan kesalahan nonperseveratif didapatkan nilai kesepakatan masing-masing 0.989, 0.984, 0.973; dan nilai konsistensi masing-masing 0.995, 0.993, 0.990 yang berarti hasil nilai ICC yang sangat baik. Uji reliabilitas konsistensi internal menunjukkan hasil Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha sebesar 0,730 pada kelompok pasien dan 0,819 pada kelompok sehat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel dalam penilaian WCST memiliki reliabilitas yang baik. Instrumen WCST versi Bahasa Indonesia terbukti sahih dan andal. Pada studi selanjutnya sebaiknya dikumpulkan juga data mengenai usia pertama kali mendapatkan pengobatan psikofarmaka yang digunakan sehingga dalam analisis dapat diperoleh data yang lebih komprehensif.

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ABSTRACTThe executive function is a part of cognitive function involving complex thoughts and behaviors. The deficit of executive function leads to disruption of the ability to plan, perform, and control actions. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WCST is a neuropsychological test that has a long history in the examination of executive function. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of WCST Indonesian version as an instrument to assess the executive function. The study was conducted at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital in Psychiatric Outpatient Unit from March to April 2018 on 31 schizophrenic and 30 healthy sample, age 18 to 59-year-old with a minimum of junior high school education, by means of consecutive sampling after using Structured Clinical Interview and Diagnosis DSM-IV Disorder SCID , Ishihara test, Rosenbaum test, 5-word hearing test, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading WTAR , PANSS Remission. The WCST Indonesian version has undergone translation and back-translation as well as construction validity test, inter-rater reliability test, and and internal reliability test. Test of construction validity by using factor analysis found a similar result to test conducted by Bell et al 1997 and Sullivan et al 1993 by examining 14 variables from WCST. Inter-rater reliability with Interclass Correlation Coefficient ICC on perseveration response, perseveration mistake, and nonperseveration mistake variables were 0.989, 0.984, and 0.973 consecutively; and consistency value was 0.995, 0.993 and 0.990 consecutively, which means the ICC was very good. The internal consistency reliability test showed Cronbach 39;s Alpha results of 0.730 in the patient group and 0.819 in the healthy group. This shows that the variables in the WCST assessment have good reliability. The Indonesian version of WCST Instrument is valid and reliable in measuring executive functions both in healthy groups and in schizophrenic patients. On following studies, it is recommended to include all data about the age at first treatment and the medication status so in analysis can obtain more comprehensive data. "

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