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"Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) commonly develops after an anal sphincter-preserving operation (SPO). The etiology of LARS is not well understood, as the anatomical components and physiological function of normal defecation, which may be damaged during the SPO, are not well established. SPOs may damage components of the anal canal (such as the internal anal sphincter, longitudinal conjoint muscle, or hiatal ligament), either mechanically or via injury to the nerves that supply these organs. The function of the rectum is substantially impaired by resection of the rectum, division of the rectococcygeus muscle, and/or injury of the nervous supply. When the remnant rectum is small and does not function properly, an important functional role may be played by the neorectum, which is usually constructed from the left side of the colon. Hypermotility of the remnant colon may affect the manifestation of urge fecal incontinence. To develop an SPO that minimizes the risk of LARS, the anatomy and physiology of the structures involved in normal defecation need to be understood better. LARS is managed similarly to fecal incontinence. In particular, management should focus on reducing colonic motility when urge fecal incontinence is the dominant symptom."

"Perubahan fisiologis terjadi sepanjang hidup manusia, termasuk juga selamakehamilan. Dari sudut pandang biologis, kehamilan dan persalinan menunjukkan fungsiprimer dari sistem reproduksi wanita dan dianggap sebagai proses normal. Lamanyakehamilan bervariasi, bila dihitung dari terjadinya konsepsi memerlukan waktu kira-kira40 minggu. Perubahan fisiologis kehamilan terjadi selama periode tersebut. Meskipunwaktunya cukup singkat bila dibandingkan umur hidup manusia, perubahan fisiologisselama kehamilan merupakan hal yang penting diperhatikan dan dipahami."

"Summary: Stress is very much part of life in the 21st century, and has overtaken the common cold as the major reason for taking time off work. But while we cannot avoid life's pressures, we can influence the degree to which they affect us, and how we react. This book will show you how. It examines why we become stressed, how the stress response is unique to each of us and why stress, particularly when combined with fatigue, can create a vicious circle that has serious implications for our long-term health. So, what's the answer? As you'll discover, there is no single solution; instead the authors suggest a unique blend of practical solutions that include: * Uncovering your stress triggers and stress response * Learning how to reframe negative beliefs * Effective time management that includes relaxation and fun * Becoming more resilient by tuning up your stress hormones * Utilising the power of sleep and exercise * Beating the sugar and stimulant trap * Fuel-up to feel good - discover the key nutrients for energy and resilience With a section on quick fixes to feel better now, as well as guidance on putting together a long-term action plan, The Stress Cure will empower you to take back control and live a healthier, more balanced life"

"Latar belakang: Seringnya ditemukan korban bencana yang kehilangan identitas membutuhkan metode identifikasi jenazah, salah satunya menggunakan gigi molar ketiga sebagai acuan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui rentang usia tahapan perkembangan gigi M3 pada pasien di RSKGM FKG UI.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan radiograf panoramik serta tabel perkembangan gigi Demirjian sebagai alat bantu analisa penelitian.Hasil: Didapatkan rata-rata populasi Indonesia mengalami kematangan perkembangan gigi di usia 22,5 ±3,0 tahun untuk pria dan usia 23-24 ±3,6 tahununtuk wanita. Terdapat dimorfisme seksual dalam kecepatan perkembangan M3 dipria dimana perkembangan pada pria mengalami akselerasi setelah usia 14 tahun.Perkembangan gigi di rahang bawah dapat diamati mengalami kematangan relatiflebih lambat dibandingkan rahang atas.

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Background: Disaster victims that often lost their identities requires corpse identification methods, one of which is using third molar as the refference.

Objective: This study aims to identify the age range of third molar development stages on patients at RSKGM FKG UI.

Method: This study is a descriptive study utilizing panoramic radiograph and the tooth development table by Demirjian as the study instrument.

Result: The result from analysis on this study showed the average population of Indonesia reached the dental maturity stage at 22,5 ±3,0 years old for males and 23-24 ±3,6 years old for female. There is also sexual dimorphism in third molar development rate where the development in males accelerated after around 14 years old. Tooth development on lower jaw is observably of lower rate compared with the upper jaw."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Prosedur stimulasi ovarium terkendali pada program FIV berdampak buruk terhadap reseptivitas endometrium. Efek buruk tersebut terjadi karena perubahan kadar hormon yang tidak fisiologis. Laporan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan hamil pada program FIV hanya sekitar 30%.Tujuan penelitian. Menilai dampak pemberian stimulator ovarium terhadap ekspresi petanda reseptivitas endometrium periode implantasi.Metodologi penelitian. Sebanyak 16 ekor Macaca nemestrina dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: 1 kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan, berupa pemberian stimulator ovarium dosis 30-70 IU selama 10-12 hari sampai diperoleh puncak sekresi estradiol pada fase folikuler akhir dan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian hCG dosis 3200 IU. Nekropsi jaringan uterus dilakukan hari ke 8-9 setelah puncak sekresi estradiol. Parameter yang dinilai adalah kadar hormon estradiol, progesteron dan ekspresi protein HOXA10, integrin αvβ3 pinopod endometrium dan hubungan hormon steroid dengan ekspresi petanda reseptivitas endometrium.Hasil dan pembahasan. Berdasarkan uji Anova, variasi dosis stimulator ovarium antara 30-70 IU tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna kadar estradiol, progesteron serta ekspresi protein HOXA10 dan integrin αvβ3 antara kelompok kontrol dengan perlakuan (p > 0,05). Berdasarkan Uji korelasi Pearson terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar progesteron dengan ekspresi protein HOXA10 dan integrin αvβ3 terutama pada daerah fungsional endometrium ( p < 0,05), sedangkan dengan hormon estradiol tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (P>0.05). Perkembangan pinopod yang menunjukkan periode jendela implantasi (tahap perkembangan maksimal) diperoleh pada rasio progesteron/estrogen antara 0,20 ? 0,49 dan periode regresi yaitu pada rasio 0,26 ? 7,34.Kesimpulan.Variasi dosis stimulator ovarium 30-70 IU tidak mempengaruhi sekresi hormon estrogen, progesteron dan ekspresi petanda reseptivitas endometrium. Berdasarkan uji regresi Pearson terdapat hubungan bermakna antara hormon progesteron fase folikuler akhir dan fase luteal dengan ekspresi petanda reseptivitas endometrium. Lonjakan estradiol fase folikuler akhir tidak berpengaruh terhadap ekspresi petanda reseptivitas endometrium. Rasio progesteron/estradiol antara 0,20-0,49 menunjukan periode jendela implantasi, sedangkan rasio 0,26 ? 7,34 menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan pinopod mengalami regresi.

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ABSTRACT

Background.Controlled ovarian stimulation procedure on FIV program adversely affect endometrial receptivity. The adverse effects occur due to non physiological changes in hormone levels. Research reports showed that pregnant success rate of FIV program were only around 30%.

Research objective.To assess the impact of ovarian stimulator on the expression of endometrial receptivity markers of implantation period.

Research methodology.Total of 16 Macaca nemestrinawere divided into four groups, one control group and three treatment groups, ie giving a dose of 30-70 IU ovarian stimulator for 10-12 days to obtain peak estradiol secretion at the end of follicular phase and continued with a dose of 3200 IU of hCG administration. Uterine tissue necropsy was performed 8-9 days after the peak secretion of estradiol. The parameters assessed were levels of the hormones estradiol, progsterone and expression of proteins HOXA10, integrin αvβ3 pinopod endometrium and steroid hormone relationship with the expression of markers of endometrial receptivity.

Results and discussion. Based on analysis of variance (anova), ovarian stimulator dose variation between 30-70 IU showed no significant difference levels of estradiol, progesterone and protein expression of integrin αvβ3 HOXA10 and the control group with treatment (p> 0.05). Based on Pearson correlation test there is a significant correlation between the levels of progesterone with HOXA10 protein expression and integrin αvβ3 especially in the area of functional endometrium (p <0.05), whereas the hormone estradiol no significant difference (P> 0.05). Pinopod development which indicates implantation window period (maximum developmental stage) was obtained in the ratio of progesterone/estrogen between .20 to 0.49 and regression period is the ratio of 0.26 to 7.34.

Conclusion. Variations ovarian stimulator dose of 30-70 IU did not affect the secretion of the hormone estrogen, progesterone and endometrial receptivity marker expression. Based on Pearson regression test there was a significant relationship between the hormone progesterone late follicular phase and the luteal phase endometrial receptivity marker expression. While the surge in late follicular phase estradiol had no effect on the expression of markers of endometrial receptivity. Progesterone/estadiol ratio between 0.20 to 0.49 indicates implantation window period, while the ratio of 0.26 to 7.34 indicates that the development pinopod regresses."

"Latar Belakang. Pemeriksaan Neuropsikologi CERAD merupakan pemeriksaanyang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya gangguan fungsi kognitif. Hinggasaat ini, nilai normal Pemeriksaan Neuropsikologi CERAD belum diketahui.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai normal PemeriksaanNeuropsikologi CERAD di Jakarta berdasarkan usia dan tingkat pendidikan.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang.Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2012.Hasil. Sebanyak 192 subyek penelitian yang terdiri dari 60.9% subyek laki-lakidan 39.1% subyek perempuan diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Usia darisubyek penelitian berkisar antara 40-84 tahun. Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan,sebanyak 92 (47.9%) subyek merupakan tamatan SLTP, sedangkan 100 (52.1%)subyek lainnya merupakan tamatan SLTA atau lebih tinggi. PemeriksaanPemeriksaan Neuropsikologi CERAD adalah 102, dengan kisaran skor antara 65-130. Perbedaan nilai rerata skor total Pemeriksaan Neuropsikologi CERAD antarkelompok usia dan antar kelompok tingkat pendidikan ditemukan bermaknadengan masing-masing memiliki nilai p 0,000 dan 0.002. Sedangkan terkait jeniskelamin, tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara laki-laki danperempuan (p=0,811).Kesimpulan. Telah didapatkan nilai tengah Pemeriksaan Neuropsikologi CERADdengan fungsi kognitif yang normal berdasarkan usia dan tingkat pendidikan. Usiadan tingkat pendidikan secara bermakna mempengaruhi nilai tengah PemeriksaanNeuropsikologi CERAD

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Background. CERAD Neuropsychology Examination is an instrument that can

be used to detect cognitive impairment. To date, Normative Value of CERAD

Neuropsychology Examination has not been known. The aim of this study is to

obtain the normative value of CERAD Neuropsychology Examination according

to age and level of education.

Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data collection were collected

between November - Desember 2012.

Result. A total of 192 subjects, i.e. 39.1% male subjects and 60.9%female

subjects, were included in this study. The age of the subjects was between 40 and

84 years. Based on level of education, 92 (47.9%) subjects were primary high

school graduates, whereas 100 (52.1%) subjects were secondary high school

graduates or higher. The median of total score of CERAD Neuropsychology

Examination is 102 , ranging from 65 to 130. Differences of total score of

CERAD Neuropsychology Examination between age groups and education

groups were found to be statistically significant (p = 0,000 and 0.002).

Meanwhile, no significant difference in total score of CERAD Neuropsychology

Examination between male and female.

Conclusion. The total score of CERAD Neuropsychology Examination with

normal cognition based on age and level of education has been found. Age as well

as level of education have significant effects on total score of CERAD

Neuropsychology Examination."