Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar Belakang: Rongga hidung merupakan entry point untuk udara masuk dan merupakan proses utama dalam sistem respirasi. Namun, terkadang seseorang akan menggunakan mulut untuk bernapas. Prevalensi bernapas mulut pada anak-anak dilaporkan 50-55%. Pada rongga mulut, kondisi bernapas mulut yang terjadi pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan resiko penyakit gigi dan mulut . Perubahan kondisi pada rongga mulut dapat diukur menggunakan indeks kesehatan rongga mulut yang salah satunya adalah indeks OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index). Sejauh ini belum dilaporkan adanya penelitian yang membahas korelasi indeks OHI-S terhadap karakteristik protein pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut.Tujuan: Menganalisa korelasi antara indeks OHI-S dengan konsentrasi protein serta menganalisa profil protein pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut.Metode: Sampel dari anak yang bernapas melalui mulut dan anak bernapas normal dikumpulkan kemudian dikelompokan berdasarkan indeks OHI-S.Sampel dari tongue biofilm, dental biofilm , saliva dan mukosa bukal di uji menggunakan Bradford assay untuk melihat total protein, setelah itu sampel saliva diuji menggunakan SDS PAGE untuk melihat profil protein. Kemudian hasil dianalisa dengan SPSS. Hasil: Pada kelompok anak yang bernapas melalui mulut, korelasi antara total protein pada masing-masing sumber sampel dan indeks OHI-S didapatkan sebagai berikut: korelasi negatif pada tongue biofilm (r=-0.051), korelasi negatif pada dental biofilm (r=-0,127), korelasi positif pada saliva (r=0.051) dan korelasi positif pada mukosa bukal (r=0.314). Pada deteksi profil protein, frekuensi 3 protein saliva yaitu Amilase (54 kDa), IgA(70 kDa) dan Statherin (8 kDa), Ig-A   terhitung lebih banyak pada kelompok anak bernapas normal yang memiliki indeks OHI-S sedang sedangkan Statherin terhitung lebih banyak pada kelompok anak bernapas normal dengan indeks OHI-S baik.Kesimpulan: Karakteristik protein dapat menjadi salah satu indikator biologis  perubahan indeks OHI-S pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut.

---

Background: Nasal cavity is the entry point in respiration process. However, some individuals use their mouth to breathe. Prevalence of mouth breathing in children is reported between 50-55%.In oral cavity, mouth breathing in children cause increased risk of dental problems. The change of condition within oral cavity can be measured with oral hygiene index such as OHI-S Index (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index). Thus far, there’s no further studies yet that discuss the correlation between OHI-S index and characteristics of protein in children with mouth breathing.Objective: To analyse the correlation between OHI-S Index and protein total of several sample sources and analyse the salivary profile protein in children with mouth breathing.Method: Samples were collected from children with mouth breathing and children without mouth breathing as a control group and categorized based on their OHI-S index score. Samples from tongue biofilm, dental biofilm, saliva and buccal mucosa were tested using Bradford Assay method to measure the protein total of each sample source and the salivary protein profile was analysed using SDS PAGE. Final results were analysed using SPSS.Result: In a group consists of chidren with mouth breathing, the correlation of OHI-S Index and protein total of each sample source were resulted: negative correlation in tongue biofilm (r=-0.051), negative correlation in dental biofilm (r=-0.127), positive correlation in saliva(r=0.051) and positive correlation in buccal mucosa (r=0.314). In salivary profile protein, the frequencies of three proteins: Amylase (54 kDa), IgA (70 kDa) and Statherin (8kDa), Ig-A were counted more in control group with moderate OHI-S Index score and Statherin were counted more in control group with low OHI-S index score.Conclusion: Characteristics of protein is capable to be one of the biological indicators of changes in OHI-S index in children with mouth breathing."

"Pendahuluan: Pada anak-anak prevalensi bernapas mulut mencapai 55% dan 85% diantaranya merupakan suatu kebiasaan yang terjadi tanpa disadari. Bernapas melalui mulut adalah suatu kebiasan buruk yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan laju alir saliva. Penurunan laju alir saliva ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan protein dalam rongga mulut, sehingga fungsi proteksi protein dari saliva yang akan menurun dan mikoorganisme di dalam rongga mulut akan meningkat. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa keadaan homeostasis di dalam rongga mulut dapat terganggu karena kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut. Kondisi mikroorganisme yang semakin banyak akan meningkatkan aktivitas proteolitik sehingga protein akan terdegradasi menjadi gas-gas Volatile Sulfur Compound dan menyebabkan terjadinya bau mulut. Kondisi bau mulut dapat diuji secara klinis dengan uji organoleptik.Tujuan: menganalisis total protein dan deteksi profil protein saliva terhadap skor organoleptik serta kondisi bernapas melalui mulut dan bernapas normal.Metode: Sumber sampel dari tongue biofilm, saliva, dental biofilm, serta mukosa bukal anak yang bernapas normal dan melalui mulut. Kemudian dilakukan uji Bradford untuk mengetahui total protein dan uji SDS-PAGE untuk mengetahui profil protein pada saliva.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kondisi bernapas mulut dan normal terhadap skor organoleptik dan total protein dari keempat sumber sampel. Korelasi total protein tongue biofilm dengan skor organoleptik pada anak bernapas mulut dan normal negatif sangat lemah tidak signifikan, sedangkan pada saliva positif lemah tidak signifikan. Korelasi total protein dental biofilm dengan skor organoleptik pada anak bernapas normal negatif sangat lemah tidak signifikan dan pada anak bernapas melalui mulut positif sangat lemah tidak signifikan. Akan tetapi, hasil korelasi total protein mukosa bukal berkebalikan dengan hasil korelasi dental biofilm baik pada kelompok bernapas normal dan mulut. Protein Amilase, MUC7, dan Cystatin yang terdeteksi pada saliva sampel lebih banyak terdapat pada anak bernapas normal. Protein MUC7dan Cystatin banyak terdapat pada anak dengan skor organoleptik rendah.Kesimpulan: Hasil analisis total protein menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan total protein terhadap kelompok bernapas mulut dan kelompok bernapas melalui hidung. Korelasi total protein dengan skor organoleptik yang menunjukkan hubungan yang berbeda-beda pada setiap sumber sampel baik pada kelompok bernapas mulut dan kelompok bernapas melalui hidung. Protein MUC7 dan Cystatin pada saliva dapat menjadi indikator kondisi bernapas melalui mulut dan skor organoleptik.

---

Background: In children, the prevalence of mouth breathing reaches 55% and 85% of them are habits that occur unwittingly . Mouth breathing is one of the bad habit that can reduce salivary flow rate. Decreased salivary flow rate can affect condition of protein in oral cavity, so that the protective function of saliva will decrease and microorganism in oral cavity will increase. This shows that the state of homeostasis in the oral cavity can be disrupted due to the habit of mouth breathing. The increasing number of microorganisms will increase proteolytic activity so that the protein will be degraded into Volatile Sulfur Compound gases and cause bad breath. The condition of bad breath can be clinically tested with organoleptic tests.Objective: to analyse total protein and detection of salivary protein against organoleptic score in mouth breathing children.Methods : Sample sources of tongue biofilms, saliva, dental biofilms, and buccal mucosa of children mouth breathers and nasal breathers. Then, the Bradford Assay was performed to determine the total protein and SDS-PAGE test to determine the protein profile in saliva.Result : there is no significant difference between mouth breathing and nose breathing against organoleptic score and total protein. The correlation of total tongue biofilm protein and organoleptic score in mouth breathing and nasal breathing children was negative very weak and not significant, while positive weak relationship was found in the correlation of total salivary protein and organoleptic score in mouth breathing and nasal breathing children. The correlation of total dental biofilm protein with organoleptic score in nasal breathers was negative very weak not significant, although in mouth breathers was found positive very weak not significant. However, the relationship between total buccal mucosa protein and score organoleptic was the opposite of the result of dental biofilm correlation. Amylase, MUC7, and Cystatin were found more in nasal breathers. MUC7 and Cystatin were found more in low organoleptic score.Conclusion : The result of total protein analysis show that there is no significant difference data in mouth breathers and nasal breathers children also there are variant correlation between total protein and organoleptic score. MUC7 and Cystatin protein in saliva can be indicators of mouth breathing condition and organoleptic score."

"Latar Belakang: Rongga mulut manusia memiliki beragam mikroorganisme yang dapat membentuk suatu komunitas yang memengaruhi kesehatan rongga mulut. Menurut Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi karies di Indonesia mencapai 60-80%. Konsentrasi protein dan polipeptida yang ada dalam saliva penting dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan mulut dan homeostasis dengan perubahan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari proteome saliva. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan total konsentrasi protein dan profil protein saliva dengan status kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan status karies dental (DMF-T dan def-t) pada subjek kelompok usia dewasa muda dan anak-anak. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif laboratorik dengan menggunakan Uji Bradford untuk menetapkan total konsentrasi protein dan Uji SDS-PAGE untuk menetapkan profil protein saliva. Sampel uji berupa sampel saliva berjumlah 18 sampel masing-masing kelompok usia (total 36 sampel), dengan diketahui status kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan status karies dental (DMF-T dan def-t). Analisis statistik dijalankan dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, kemudian Uji T test-independent. Untuk menganalisis hubungan dilakukan uji korelasi spearman. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS iOS versi 22.0. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara total konsentrasi protein saliva kelompok usia dewas muda dan anak-anak (p = 0.001 (p<0.05)), namun tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan antara total konsentrasi protein saliva kelompok usia terhadap OHI-S dan DMF-T atau def-t, serta terdapat perbedaan profil protein saliva berupa perbedaan frekuensi protein bands yang muncul pada masing-masing profil protein.  Kesimpulan: Total konsentrasi protein dan profil protein saliva tidak berhubungan dengan OHI-S dan DMF-T atau def-t pada kelompok usia dewasa muda dan anak-anak, namun tetap memiliki tendensi korelasi.

---

Human oral health contains various microorganisms that can form a community that affects oral health. According to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of caries in Indonesia ranges from 60-80%. The concentration of proteins and polypeptides in saliva is important in maintaining oral health and homeostasis through qualitative and quantitative changes in the salivary proteome.  Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between total protein concentration and saliva protein profile with oral hygiene status (OHI-S) and dental caries status (DMF-T and def-t) in adult and child age groups. Methode: This study is a deskriptive laboratory analysis using Bradford tests to determine total protein concentration and SDS-PAGE tests to determine saliva protein profiles. The sample consisted of 18 saliva samples from each age group (total 36 samples), with OHI-S and dental caries status (DMF-T and def-t) determined. Statistical analysis was performed using normality tests, followed by independent sample t-tests. To analyze the relationship, Spearman's correlation test was conducted. Data analysis used SPSS iOS version 22.0. Result: A significant difference was found in the total saliva protein concentration between the young adult and child groups (p = 0.001, p < 0.05), but no significant correlation was found between total saliva protein concentration and OHI-S and DMF-T or def-t status. There was a difference in saliva protein profiles, manifested as differences in the frequency of protein bands in each protein profile.  Conclusion: The total protein concentration and saliva protein profiles do not have a significant relationship with OHI-S and DMF-T or def-t status in young adult and child age groups, but they still show a tendency to correlate."

"Latar Belakang: Saliva merupakan cairan biologis yang kompleks pada rongga mulut yang mengandung berbagai komponen, salah satunya protein. Protein pada saliva merupakan salah satu sistem pertahanan yang dapat berperan melindungi rongga mulut dari penyakit.Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan profil protein dan konsentrasi total protein saliva perokok dan non-perokok serta kaitannya dengan karies.Metode: Penelitian melibatkan kelompok  perokok n=25 dan kontrol (non perokok) n=25. Kosentrasi total protein saliva diuji dengan metode Bradford serta profil protein saliva diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Karies diukur dengan score indeks DMF-T melalui pemeriksan klinis.Hasil: Terdapat protein saliva dominan yang ditemukan pada subjek perokok dengan berat molekul 11.6 kDa dan 54.5 kDa dan subjek non-perokok dengan berat molekul 27 kDa, 60 kDa, 94.5 kDa. Konsentrasi total protein saliva subjek perokok sebesar 551.486 µg/mL  lebih rendah dibandingkan non perokok yaitu sebesar 765.361µg/mL dengan perbedaan statistik tidak signifikan.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan profil protein saliva perokok dan non perokok, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi total protein saliva antara kelompok perokok dan non perokok. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah antara profil dan total protein dengan skor indeks DMF-T.

---

Background: Saliva is a complex biological fluid in the oral cavity that contains various components, one of them is protein. Protein in saliva is one of the defense systems that can protect the oral cavity from disease.Objective: To analyze the difference of salivary protein`s profile and total concentration in smokers and non-smokers (control) and their correlation with dental caries that measured by DMF-T index scores.Methods: Study consisted of two group, smokers group (n=25) and  non-smokers as healthy control (n=25). Salivary protein total determined with Bradford method and the salivary protein profile determined with SDS-PAGE method. Caries was assessed by the DMF-T index scores through clinical examination.Result: The dominant salivary proteins  profile were found in smokers subject with molecular mass 11.6 kDa and 54.5 kDa and those found in non-smokers subject with molecular mass 27 kDa, 60 kDa, and 94.5 kDa. The total salivary protein conctrentation of smokers subject are 551.486 µg/mL lower than non-smokers subject, which is 765.361µg/mL) but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclussion: There are differences found in salivary protein profile between smokers and non-smokers subject. However, there is no significant difference in salivary protein total between smokers and non smokers. There are negative correlation between the salivary protein`s total and the scores of DMF-T index."

"Latar Belakang: Stunting menjadi permasalahan yang tinggi di Indonesia dengan prevalensi paling tinggi berada di NTT. Kondisi tersebut sering dikaitkan dengan kondisi oral, seperti penurunan level protein saliva. Namun, belum diketahui hubungan antara protein salia dengan status HAZ yaitu stunting dan nonstunting. Tujuan: Membandingkan dan melihat hubungan total protein dan profil protein yang terdeteksi pada saliva anak dengan status HAZ. Metode: Bahan biologis tersimpan sampel saliva didapatkan dari 96 anak di NTT. Sampel diuji menggunakan Bradford assay dan SDS PAGE untuk melihat total protein dan profil protein. Hasil dianalisa dengan SPSS.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara total protein dengan status HAZ. Didapatkan korelasi negatif sangat lemah (r=-032, p=0.756) pada total protein dengan status HAZ. Profil protein yang diduga terdeteksi yaitu protein serum albumin, amilase, acidic PRPs dan cystatin. Protein serum albumin dan acidic PRPs persentasenya terhitung lebih banyak pada nonstunting. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pola profil protein yang terdeteksi dengan status HAZ. Didapatkan korelasi positif sangat lemah (r=0.080, p=0.381) antara pola profil protein yang terdeteksi dengan status HAZ. Kesimpulan: Total protein pada saliva tidak dapat dijadikan biomarker, protein yang diduga sebagai serum albumin dan acidic PRPs dapat dijadikan biomarker status HAZ pada anak, namun diperlukan pemeriksaan tambahan.

---

Background: Stunting is a high problem in Indonesia with the highest prevalence in NTT. These conditions have an impact on oral conditions, such as decreased salivary protein levels. There is no known relationship between salivary protein and HAZ status, namely stunting and nonstunting.

Objective: To observe and compare the relationship between total protein and suspected protein profile in children salivary with HAZ status.

Methods: Biological stored saliva samples were obtained from 96 children in NTT. Samples were tested using Bradford assay and SDS PAGE and analyzed with SPSS.

Results: There was no significant difference between total protein and HAZ status. A very weak negative correlation was found (r=-032,p=0.756) in total protein with HAZ status. The suspected protein profiles were serum albumin, amylase, acid PRPs, and cystatin. Serum albumin and acid PRPs accounted for higher percentages in nonstunting. There was no significant difference between the protein profile pattern and HAZ status. A very weak positive correlation was found (r=0.080,p=0.381) between pattern profile protein and HAZ status.

Conclusion: Total protein in saliva cannot be used as a biomarker, proteins suspected of being serum albumin and acidic PRPs can be used as biomarkers of HAZ status in children, but additional tests are needed."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Saliva merupakan hasil sekresi manusia yang mengandung berbagai macam zat seperti protein, hormon dan lain-lain. Aktivitas fisik dapat memengaruhi kandungan saliva seperti profil dan total protein di dalamnya. Protein dalam saliva dapat memengaruhi aktivitas progres karies. Perlu diketahui apakah aktivitas fisik memengaruhi aktivitas karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan profil dan total protein dalam saliva subjek pelari dan hubungannya dengan skor indeks DMFT. Metode: Profil protein diekspresikan menggunakan metode SDS-PAGE lalu dianalisis secara manual sedangkan total protein dihitung menggunakan prosedur Bradford. Hasil: Dalam saliva subjek pelari ditemukan protein dominan yaitu dengan berat molekul 60 kDa, 30 kDa dan 10 kDa sedangkan pada subjek non-pelari yaitu 60 kDa, 30 kDa dan 25 kDa. Protein yang hanya ditemukan dalam saliva subjek pelari yaitu 45 kDa dan 10 kDa sedangkan yang hanya ditemukan dalam saliva subjek non-pelari yaitu 15 kDa. Total protein saliva pada subjek non-pelari lebih tinggi yaitu 774,46 µg/mL sedangkan pada subjek pelari sebesar 547,89 µg/mL. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan profil dan total protein saliva antara subjek pelari dan non-pelari serta terdapat hubungan antara profil dan total protein saliva dan skor indeks DMFT.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Saliva is a secretion of the human body that contains various substances such as proteins, hormones and etc. Physycial activity could influence the contents of saliva such as the profiles and total of the proteins. Salivary proteins take role in caries progression activity. It is needed to be known whether physical activity affects caries progression. Objective: To analyze the difference of profiles and total of salivary proteins in runners and their correlations with DMFT index scroes. Methods: Protein profiles are expressed with SDS-PAGE procedure and then are analyzed manually, meanwhile the protein total is calculated using Bradford procedure. Results: The dominant proteins found in runners saliva are 60 kDa, 30 kDa and 10 kDa proteins and those found in non-runners saliva are 60 kDa, 30 kDa and 25 kDa. Proteins only found in runners saliva are 45 kDa and 10 kDa proteins and the ones only found in non-runners saliva is 15 kDa protein. Total of salivary proteins in non-runners is higher than the runners, which is 774,46 µg/mL compared to 547,89 µg/mL. Conclusion: There are differences found in the salivary proteins profiles and total in the runners and non-runners and there are correlations established between the salivary proteins profiles and total and the obtained scores of DMFT index."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penggunaan obat kumur sudah menjadi kebiasaan disampingmenyikat gigi. Salah satu obat kumur yang beredar di masyarakat mengandung zataktif zinc acetate dan chlorine dioxide yang berkhasiat sebagai antimikroba,antikalkulus dan mengurangi halitosis. Bagaimana dampak penggunaannyaterhadap protein saliva perlu diteliti. Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan profilprotein saliva sebelum dan setelah penggunaan obat kumur yang mengandungzinc acetate dan chlorine dioxide selama waktu tertentu. Metode: Whole salivadari 5 subyek dikumpulkan sebelum berkumur dan 1 minggu, 2 minggu serta 3minggu setelah berkumur. Profil protein saliva dianalisis dengan menggunakanSDS-PAGE. Hasil: Rentang pita protein sebelum bekumur yaitu 21-192 kDa; 1minggu setelah berkumur yaitu 21-236 kDa; 2 minggu setelah berkumur yaitu 20-83 kDa; dan 3 minggu setelah berkumur yaitu 29-240 kDa. Kesimpulan: Secaradeskriptif, terlihat perubahan profil protein saliva setelah menggunakan obatkumur yang mengandung zinc acetate dan chlorine dioxide.

---

ABSTRACTBackgrounds: Using mouthwash has been a daily habit besides tooth brushing. A lotof mouthwash that present in the market with variety of component and function, oneof them is containing zinc acetate and chlorine dioxide as antimicrobial, anticalculus,and reducing halitosis. How its impacts to the salivary proteins need to beinvestigated. Objective: To analyze the effect of mouthwash containing zinc acetateand chlorine dioxide on salivary protein profile. Methods: whole saliva from 5subjects were collected before rinsing, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks after rinsing.Salivary protein profile analyzed by SDS-PAGE method. Results: Range of proteinband before rinsing are around 21-192 kDa, 1 week after rinsing are around 21-236kDa, 2 weeks before rinsing are around 20-83 kDa, and 3 weeks after rinsing arearound 29-240 kDa. Conclusion: There was alternation of salivary protein profileafter usage of mouthwash containing zinc acetate and chlorine dioxide."

"Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut menjadi perhatiandi bidang kesehatan karena 50%-56% kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut terjadi pada anak-anak. Kebiasaan ini dapat berdampak pada dehidrasi pada rongga mulut anak sehingga dapat mengakibatkan munculnya peradangan pada jaringan periodontal dan kecenderungan untuk anak mengalami bau mulut. Kemungkinan penyebab penyakit periodontal terlibat dalam kejadian pernapasan melalui mulut antara lain adalah bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola, namun prevalensi keduanya belum sepenuhnya diketahui bersih. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan prevalensi Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola pada biofilm permukaan lidah dan air liur anak-anak bernafas melalui mulut. Metode: Deteksi dan identifikasi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola pada 60 subjek (19 subjek bernapas melalui mulut)dan 41 subjek pernapasan normal) menggunakan teknik PCR konvensional. Analisis Statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis dapat dideteksi pada biofilm saliva dan lidah, tetapi tidak Ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam prevalensi kedua bakteri di rongga mulut anak-anakyang bernapas melalui mulut dan normal (p>0,05). Hasil studi menunjukkan ada hubungan positif antara skor organoleptik dan skor OHI-S dengan kejadian bernafas melalui mulut. Kesimpulan: Treponema denticola dan Porphyromonas gingivalis dapat ditemukan pada anak-anak dengan dan tanpa kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut dengan tingkat prevalensi yang sama.

---

Background: The habit of breathing through the mouth is a concern

in the health sector because 50%-56% of the habit of breathing through the mouth occurs in children. This habit can have an impact on dehydration in the child's oral cavity so that it can result in the appearance of inflammation in the periodontal tissue and a tendency to swell

child has bad breath. Possible causes of periodontal disease involved in the incidence of mouth breathing include the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, but the prevalence of both is not yet fully known. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in the biofilm of the tongue and saliva surfaces of children breathing through the mouth. Methods: Detection and identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola bacteria in 60 subjects (19 subjects breathed through the mouth) and 41 normal respiratory subjects) using conventional PCR techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in salivary and tongue biofilms, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of the two bacteria in the oral cavity of children. who breathed through the mouth and were normal (p>0.05). The results of the study showed that there was a positive relationship between organoleptic scores and OHI-S scores with the incidence of mouth breathing. Conclusion: Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis can be found in children with and without mouth breathing habits with the same prevalence rate."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans penyebab karies gigi. Namun belum diketahui efek pemaparan xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat menimbulkan efek biologik. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol dalam beberapa konsentrasi terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi secara in vitro. Metode: sampel penelitian berasal dari sel-sel pulpa gigi sehat (tanpa karies) yang baru diekstraksi. Selanjutnya dikultur selama semalam dan dilanjutkan dengan subkultur selama semalam. Kemudian kelompok perlakuan xylitol dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi paparan xylitol. Protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan metode Bradford assay dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) sel-sel pulpa gigi kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (23031,305 ± 1636,87), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 4% (26380,865 ± 3278,0), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 8% (23192,574 ± 1441,39), dan kelompok perlakuan xylitol 16% (21498,481 ± 2633,37) memiliki rerata konsentrasi protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (19013,045 ± 2188,51) dan memiliki perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan uji statistik Oneway ANOVA. Namun, antar kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Pada gambaran profil protein, tampak terjadi perubahan profil protein pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% dan 8%. Simpulan: pada penelitian ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi protein total dan perubahan profil protein selsel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

---

Background: xylitol is sugar alcohol with 5 carbon atom in the molecule which has many benefits for human health. In dentistry, xylitol is an anti-cariogenic agent as it can inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. Nevertheless, the effect of xylitol exposure to dental pulp cells has not been known yet. Dental pulp is a sensitive tissue toward exposure of several agents. In the exposed dental pulp, xylitol can cause biological effects.

Objectives: the effect of xylitol with several concentrations determined to total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells culture.

Methods: the dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth (non-caries). Furthermore, dental pulp cells were cultured overnight and then subcultured another overnight. Afterwards, xylitol treatment group was exposured by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol, while control group was not exposured by xylitol. Total protein cells was measured by Bradford assay method and protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE.

Results: the mean of total protein (µg/ml ± SD) cells concentration? of 2% xylitol group (23031,305 ± 1636,87), 4% xylitol group (26380,865 ± 3278,0), 8% xylitol group (23192,574 ± 1441,39), and 16% xylitol group (21498,481 ± 2633,37) were statistically higher than the control group (19013,045 ± 2188,51). However, there were not significant differences between 2%, 8%, and 16% xylitol groups. From the result of SDS PAGE, it was shown that there was altered protein profile in 2% and 8% xylitol group.

Conclusions: in this research, the concentration of total protein cells were increased and the cells protein profile was altered in the dental pulp cells after xylitol exposured."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam bahan tambal resin komposit. Jika resin komposit mengalami polimerisasi tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dengan mudah terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam setelah penambalan, kemudian berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA yang terlepas dilaporkan bersifat sitotoksik. Tujuan: Menentukan efek TEGDMA (4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM) terhadap protein total dan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi. Metode: Sel-sel pulpa didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur pada medium kultur DMEM. Setelah sel kultur tampak confluent (±2 malam), dilakukan subkultur yang kemudian digunakan sebagai sampel pada penelitian ini. Selanjutnya, kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi pada kelompok perlakuan masing-masing dipapar TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM. dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C, 5% CO2 selama 24 jam. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Konsentrasi protein total medium kultur diukur menggunakan Bradford protein assay lalu dibaca dengan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 655 nm. Kemudian, identifikasi profil protein medium kultur dilakukan dengan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: Nilai rerata konsentrasi protein total medium kultur (µg/ml ± SD) kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM berturut turut adalah 28635.85 ± 2373.39, 35288.41 ± 3469.47, dan 38199.79 ± 2752.47. Nilai-nilai tersebut lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol 27073.83 µg/ml ± 2772.46. Analisis statistik one way ANOVA menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Hasil identifikasi profil protein medium kultur menunjukan tampak perubahan profil protein pada setiap kelompok setelah pemaparan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini konsentrasi protein total medium kultur meningkat dan profil protein medium kultur mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM pada sel-sel pulpa.

---

Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer that contained in composite resin restoration. TEGDMA could be released from composite resins to the oral cavity following incomplete polymerization in a few minutes to hours after the placement of restoration, and then the monomers of TEGDMA could penetrate the dental pulp. TEGDMA that released was reported has cytotoxic effects.

Objectives: To determine the effect of TEGDMA (4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM) on total protein and protein profile of culture medium of the dental pulp cells.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp of the freshly extracted teeth, and cultured in culture medium of DMEM. After the cells visually confluent (±2 nights), subcultured to be used as samples. Afterwards, the cells culture in treatment group were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Whereas, in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The concentration of total protein in culture medium was measured by Bradford protein assay then were read by microplate reader in 655 nm. Then, the protein profile of culture medium was identified by SDS PAGE method.

Result: The mean of total protein of culture medium (µg/ml ± SD) on treatment groups of TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM were 28635.85 ± 2373.39, 35288.41 ± 3469.47, and 38199.79 ± 2752.47 were higher than the controls 27073.83 ± 2772.46. One way ANOVA statistic analysis showed that treatment group of TEGDMA 8 mM and 12 mM were significant different compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of culture medium was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the total protein of culture medium was increased and its protein profile was altered after exposure of TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, and 12 mM to dental pulp cells."