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"ABSTRACTCulture is the sum total of social behaviors, traditions, customs and a total way of life of a particular society. It looks at the regular practices of the given society such as; when or what they eat, their dress codes, greetings, their etiquettes, taboos, their beliefs and so on. Aspects that can help us in identifying a culture of a certain society are many and diversified and thus it would be a futile task trying to cover them in depth in a brief article like this. It is in that light thus, this article highlights only one aspect of Swahili Culture: Makuzi na Hatua za Maisha katika Utamaduni wa Kiswahili (The Upbringing and Life Stages in Swahili Culture). Both instructors and learners of Swahili as a foreign language are expected to benefit from the description of such an element of culture. The writer was driven to write on the subject by the challenges she has been facing through teaching Swahili and Swahili Culture to the foreign students. The challenges specifically were due to the lack of enough reference materials on Swahili Culture aimed for learners and instructors of Swahili as a Foreign Language. The fact that when we learn a foreign language we also learn its culture is obvious, thus having references on the culture of the native speakers of Swahili is prime in Swahili literature. This work should be taken as a catalyst for an in depth and sustainable literature on other aspects of Swahili Culture and African Culture at large."

"ABSTRACTThe aim of this brief article is to highlight one aspect of Swahili Culture, that is the aspect of Family and Kinship relations under the title: Dhana na Dhima ya Familia na Unasaba katika Utamaduni wa Kiswahili (The Concept and Role of Family and Kinship in Swahili Culture). We define Culture as the sum total of social behaviours, traditions, customs and a total way of life of a particular society. Culture looks at the regular practices of the given society such as; when or what they eat, their dress codes, greetings, their etiquettes, taboos, their beliefs and so on (Isack 2018:105). This article is the continued efforts of the writer in enriching the knowledge on Swahili Culture and African Culture at large. As we mentioned in the previous article: Makuzi na Hatua za Maisha katika Utamaduni wa Kiswahili (The Upbringing and Life Stages in Swahili Culture) (Isack 2018:105), there are challenges in the instruction of Swahili Language and its Culture to foreign learners due to the lack of enough reference materials designed for them. Thus, both instructors and learners of Swahili as a foreign language can utilize this work to narrow the current knowledge gap."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang penggunaan strategi kesantunan tuturan direktif pada film Kimi no Na wa. Film tersebut adalah film animasi yang ditayangkan perdana pada tahun 2016. Film itu menceritakan tentang kisah kedua karakter, Mitsuha dan Taki, yang bertukar tubuh.  Penelitian ini menelaah strategi kesantunan tuturan direktif yang dituturkan oleh mereka dengan menerapkan teori strategi kesantunan Brown dan Levinson. Terdapat 30 tuturan yang ditemukan dalam film. Dari tuturan-tuturan tersebut, ditemukan bahwa terdapat kecenderungan bagi kedua penutur untuk menggunakan strategi tidak langsung (off record) jika petutur memiliki kedudukan yang lebih tinggi dari mereka. Sebaliknya, kedua penutur cenderung menggunakan strategi langsung ketika menuturkan tuturan direktif terhadap petutur yang memiliki kedudukan yang sama atau lebih rendah dari mereka. Pengecualian-pengecualian dapat ditemukan sepanjang film tersebut. Mitsuha menuturkan dua tuturan direktif kepada adik perempuannya dengan menggunakan strategi off record. Kedua penutur juga beberapa kali menuturkan strategi menjaga muka terhadap teman-teman dekat mereka. Penggunaan strategi bald on record kepada petutur yang memiliki kedudukan lebih tinggi juga ditemukan beberapa kali pada film. Faktor-faktor selain kedudukan terlihat mempengaruhi penggunaan strategi kesantunan saat menuturkan tuturan direktif.

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This study reviews the use of politeness strategies of directive utterances in Kimi no Na wa movie. The movie is an animated movie released in 2016. It tells a story between two main characters, Mitsuha and Taki, which experince body swap. The study observes politeness strategies of directive utterances delivered by them by employing politeness strategies of Brown and Levinson. There are, in total, 30 utterances found. From those utterances, it is revealed that there is a tendency for both speakers to use less direct (off record) strategy if the addressee has higher hierarchical position than them. Conversely, the speakers tend to use direct (bald on record) strategy in delivering directive utterances towards addresees in the same or lower position than them. Exceptions, however, are found throughout the movie. Mitsuha uttered two directives towards her younger sister using off record strategy. Moreover, both speakers occasionally used face-saving strategies towards their close friends. The use of bald on record strategy towards addresees in higher position is also found several times in the movie. Factors other than hierarchical position apparently affect politeness strategies used in delivering directive utterances."

"Het is een stukje rubriek van NRC Handelsblad. De helft van die stukken ging over kwesties die u terecht allang weer vergeten bent."

"Buku yang berjudul Za yadovitymi zmeyami ini ditulis oleh Yurij Ilinskij; editor, S. Mitrokhina; teknik editor; L. Petrova. Buku ini berisikan kumpulan cerita dalam bahasa Rusia. "