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"AbstrakThe use of levonorgestrel implants as a contraceptive method have undergone changes in the number of implants used, beginning from six rods in the early methods to two rods in the present method and have been proven effective. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of single rod implant (Monoplant®) by measuring serum levonorgestrel concentration and cervical mucus quality.Methods: Thirty healthy women, aged 20-40 year old, and have been proven fertile, underwent single rod implant insertion. Levonorgestrel serum levels was measured every month and cervical mucus viscosity was examined every three month, until six months.Results: Levonorgestrel serum concentration was consistently above minimum effective level (200 pg/mL), from month 3 to 6 respectively 338.9 pg/mL, 424.8 pg/mL, 320.3 pg/mL, and 337.5 pg/mL. Almost all of the acceptors (96.7%) had good cervical mucus viscosity since three months following implant insertion.Conclusion: Levonorgestrel serum concentration in Monoplant® users was still above minimum contraceptive level until the sixth month. Viscosity of cervical mucus increased immediately following implant insertion. This indicates that single rod levonorgestrel implant is effective as a contraceptive method."

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada organ reproduksi wanita dengan gejala utama nyeri pelvis kronis, dismenore, dan dispareunia yang dapat disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif akibat rendahnya kadar antioksidan, seperti vitamin C, sehingga terjadi kerusakan sel. Levonorgestrel adalah terapi hormonal yang sering digunakan untuk meredakan rasa nyeri pada endometriosis, tetapi dapat memperberat proses inflamasi, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu terapi adjuvan, seperti propolis yang mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain uji klinis dengan alokasi acak dan tersamar ganda. Subjek penelitian adalah 24 wanita yang sedang mendapatkan terapi implan levonorgestrel dan diminta untuk menerima propolis atau plasebo dua kali sehari dengan dosis 1 tetes/10 kg berat badan (kgBB) per kali. Sampel darah kemudian diambil pada 4 minggu setelah intervensi dan dilakukan pemisahan serum. Pengukuran kadar vitamin C serum dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri dan analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji t tidak berpasangan apabila data berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok (p<0,001), yaitu kadar vitamin C serum lebih tinggi pada kelompok propolis (0,202+0,057) dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (0,069+0,028). Dengan demikian, pemberian propolis meningkatkan kadar vitamin C serum pada pasien endometriosis setelah intervensi 4 minggu. 

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Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory reproductive disease in women which main symptoms are chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia that can be triggered by oxidative stress due to decreased antioxidants, such as vitamin C that may cause cell damage. Levonorgestrel is a hormonal therapy that is commonly used for endometriosis to relieve pain but it can worsen the inflammatory process, so an adjuvant therapy is needed, such as propolis that contains high antioxidant level. This study used clinical trial design with random allocation and double-blinded. The study subject is 24 women that receive levonorgestrel therapy and were asked to consume propolis or placebo randomly two times a day with a dose of 1 drop/10 kg body weight (kgBW) per time. Blood samples were then taken after 4 weeks and serum separation was performed. Serum vitamin C levels were measured using spectrophotometric method and statistical analysis used independent t-test if the data were normally distributed. The result showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups (p<0,001), in which the concentration of serum vitamin C is higher in the propolis group (0,202+0,057) compared to the placebo group (0,069+0,028). In conclusion, the administration of propolis results in significantly higher serum vitamin C concentration after 4-week intervention."

"Micronutrient supplementation is one approach that could correct the child impairment of development caused by micronutrient deficiencies. However micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries usually associated with marginal deficiency of several micronutrients. Therefore, it was assumed that supplementation with multiple micronutrients would be more effective.

In the previous Indonesia study, a randomized placebo controlled trial study has been done in 17 villages of Magelang district, Central Java for 6 mo among children aged 6-12 mo (n=284) who randomly assigned into four experimental groups: 1 RDA daily multi-micronutrient, 2 RDA weekly multi-micronutrient, iron daily supplementation and a placebo group. Nutritional status, development, and hemoglobin concentration was no difference between treatment groups at the end of supplementation. To answer the possibility of age responsiveness and manifestation of treatment effect on development and nutritional status, this present follow up study has been done at 6-mo after supplementation commenced when children aged 18-24 mo. At 6-mo follow up, there was difference between group in height for age Z-score and psychomotor development index (PDI). The scores differences are may be due to treatment differences."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pengalaman ibuyang memiliki anak umur 6-12 bulan dalam menjalani masalah menyusui selamaperiode satu bulan pertama setelah melahirkan. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian cross sectional. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metodewawancara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah menyusuisangat umum dialami oleh ibu selama periode enam bulan pertama setelahmelahirkan dan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan cakupan pemberian ASIeksklusif. Dibutuhkan usaha yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuankonselor laktasi serta memperkaya bahan-bahan penyuluhan ASI denganinformasi masalah menyusui

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AbstractThis study was aimed to describe experiences of breastfeeding problems duringthe first six month period among mother having infant aged 6-12 months. Thisstudy is a cross sectional study using structured interviews. This study found thatbreastfeeding problems was very commonly experienced by mothers during thefirst six months after delivery and tended to decrease the rate of exclusivebreastfeeding practice. Furthermore, there are needs to empower lactationcounselor and enrich IEC breastfeeding materials with breastfeeding problemsissues."

"Latar Belakang : Disfungsi seksual dialami oleh 22-86% perempuan pada periode pascapersalinan. Alasan yang dikemukakan untuk menunda hubungan seksual adalah kekhawatiran mengenai nyeri perineum, perdarahan, dan kelelahan. Disfungsi seksual seringkali tidak disadari, baik oleh pasien maupun oleh klinisi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai fungsi seksual perempuan dalam waktu enam bulan setelah melahirkan spontan. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner female sexual function index (FSFI) yang didistribusikan di antara 47 responden dalam periode September-Desember 2012. Tiap hasil individu digunakan untuk menilai fungsi seksual secara umum dan disfungsi seksual per domain. Karakteristik responden kemudian dianalisis bivariat dengan disfungsi seksual. Hasil : Dalam enam bulan setelah persalinan spontan, 44 responden (93,6%) telah memulai kembali aktivitas seksual. Dari 47 responden, 27 (57,5%) menderita disfungsi seksual. Nilai p untuk analisis bivariat antara kelompok usia, tingkat pendidikan, paritas, derajat robekan perineum, status menyusui dan disfungsi seksual secara berturut-turut, yaitu: 0,064; 0,437; 0,836; 0,761; 0,723. Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara berbagai variabel yang dianalisis dengan disfungsi seksual, baik secara umum maupun per domain, dalam periode enam bulan pascapersalinan spontan.

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Background : Sexual dysfunction is experienced by 22-86% women after giving birth. The reasons to delay resuming sexual intercourse is due to anxiety about perineal pain, bleeding, and fatigue. Sexual dysfunction is usually unnoticed either by patients or clinicians. This study was conducted to assess sexual function in women during six months period after spontaneous delivery.

Methods : This was a cross-sectional study using female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaires which were distributed among 47 subjects during period of September-December 2012. Each individual results was assessed for general sexual function and per domain sexual dysfunction. Subjects characteristics were analyzed bivariately with sexual dysfunction prevalence.

Results : During six months after spontaneous delivery, 44 subjects (93.6%) had resumed sexual activity. Out of 47 subjects, 27 (57.5%) suffered from sexual dysfunction. P value for bivariate analysis between patients? age group, education level, parity, perineal rupture, breastfeeding and sexual dysfunction status were respectively 0.064; 0.437; 0.836; 0.761; 0.723.

Conclusion : There was no significant difference between various variables analyzed and sexual dysfunction, either general or per domain, in six months period after spontaneous delivery."

"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Ketoprofen dapat menimbulkan gangguan saluran cerna yang serius. Disamping itu, karena eliminasinya yang cepat, perlu diberikan beberapa kali sehari, sehingga mengurangi kepatuhan penderita. Sediaan lepas lambat telah dibuat, yang cukup diberikan 1 kali sehari dan memberikan kadar puncak lebih rendah dan dapat bertahan dalam kadar terapi selama 24 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati profit sediaan lepas lambat (Profenid® OD dan Oruvail® 200), dibandingkan dengan sediaan biasa (Profenid 50) pada sukarelawan sehat setelah pemberian dosis oral berulang, dan untuk mengembangkan metode pemeriksaan kadar ketoprofen serum dengan kromatografi lapis tipis - densitometri. Penelitian dilakukan dengan disain menyilang dan alokasi acak pada 10 orang sukarelawan sehat. Sampel darah diambil setelah dicapai kadar mantap, untuk Profenid® 50 sampai jam ke 8, dan untuk sediaan lepas lambat sampai jam ke 24 setelah dosis terakhir. Serum sampel, dengan naproksen sebagai standar dalam, diekstraksi dengan eter-kloroform (4:1 v/v) pada suasana asam.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Ketoprofen dapat dipisahkan dengan baik dari naproksen, dan diperoleh 2 kurva kalibrasi: Y = 0,540X - 0,005 (kadar ketoprofen 0,25-1,00 ug/ml) dan Y = 0,295X + 0,314 (kadar 1,0-8,0 ug/ml). Dari parameter farmakokinetik yang digeroleh, disimpulkan bahwa Profenid® OD dan Oruvail® 200 memperlihatkan profit lepas lambat (C lebih rendah, t dan t1 lebih panjang, indeksmaxfluktuasi (FI) lebihmakecil) dlbandingkan Profenid® 50, dengan bioavailabilitas relatif (BR) } 80%, namun keduanya tidak dapat bertahan dalam kadar terapi sampai 24 jam. Profenid® OD menunjukkan profil lepas lambat yang lebih baik dari Oruvail® 200 pada orang Indonesia (Cmax lebih rendah, ti lebih panjang dan Fl lebih kecil (<,05)). Metode KET-densitometri ini dapat mengukur kadar ketoprofen serum dengan sensitivitas 0,25 ug/ml, kecermatan (KV) C 6% dan ketepatan (d) < 14%."

"[Perempuan pasca melahirkan adalah kelompok yang berisiko mengalami perubahan pada fungsi seksual. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan fungsi seksual ibu postpartum pervaginam dengan atau tanpa episiotomi dan pasca bedah sesar. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 225 ibu postpartum yang diambil secara consecutive sampling dari bulan April-Mei 2015. Fungsi seksual dinilai dengan Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara fungsi seksual pada semua jenis persalinan (p=0,977), begitupun hasrat seksual, gairah seksual, dan orgasme. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan seksual ibu pada perawatan postpartum yang berkualitas.;The postpartum women is one of group who experience sexual function changes. The aims of the study is to know the comparation sexual function woman after vaginal delivery without episiotomi and post caesarean section. The study was a descriptive study of cross-sectional design. The sample was 225 womanpostpartum was taken by consecutive sampling from April-May 2015. Sexual function was assessed by the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) score. The results of this study showed there were no significant differences between sexual function and types of delivery (p=0.977), including sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm. The results of the study can be used to increase nurses’s service sexual postpartum women for reach quality postpartum care., The postpartum women is one of group who experience sexual function changes.The aims of the study is to know the comparation sexual function woman aftervaginal delivery without episiotomi and post caesarean section. The study was adescriptive study of cross-sectional design. The sample was 225 womanpostpartum was taken by consecutive sampling from April-May 2015. Sexualfunction was assessed by the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) score. Theresults of this study showed there were no significant differences between sexualfunction and types of delivery (p=0.977), including sexual desire, sexual arousaland orgasm. The results of the study can be used to increase nurses’s servicesexual postpartum women for reach quality postpartum care.]"

"ABSTRAKAnak tuli prelingual akan kehilangan fungsi mendengar dan bicara, sehingga akan berpengaruh pada komunikasi, psikologis, dan kualitas hidup. Implan koklea hadir sebagai alat habilitasi terutama pada anak dengan tuli derajat berat dan sangat berat. Tesis ini akan membahas mengenai data karakteristik anak 6 ndash; 12 bulan pasca implantasi koklea, evaluasi perkembangan auditori dan bicara anak serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil keluaran. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif potong lintang, menggunakan metode penilaian berupa pengamatan yang bersifat global yaitu Categories Auditory Performance CAP - II dan Speech Intelligibility Rate SIR . Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 36 subjek, median CAP-II pada anak 6 ndash; 12 bulan pasca implantasi koklea ialah 3 skor minimal 2 - maksimal 7 . Penilaian kemampuan bicara dengan menggunakan metode SIR anak pasca 6 -12 bulan implantasi koklea didapatkan median 2 skor minimal 1 dan maksimal 4 . Median waktu saat evaluasi 8,9 bulan dengan pencapaian 33,3 subjek dalam kategori CAP tinggi skor 5 atau lebih , dan 38,89 subjek yang mencapai kategori SIR tinggi skor 3 atau lebih.

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ABSTRACT

Prelingual deaf children caused the child unable to hear and speak, impacting his or her ability to communicate, psychological growth, and overall life quality of the child. Cochlear implant comes as habilitating device mainly for children with severe and profound deafness. This thesis will discuss and explain in children 39 s characteristic data on 6 ndash 12 months after cochlear implantation, evaluating their speech and auditory development and other influencing factors. This research is descriptive cross sectional study and observe child using global method Categories Auditory Performance CAP II and Speech Intelligibility Rate SIR . This research is conducted on 36 subjects, with median CAP II score of 3 minimum 2 maximum 7 at 6 ndash 12 months post cochlear implantation. Speech ability evaluation using SIR method with median score of 2 minimum 1 maximum 4 . Median hearing age for this study sample was 8,9 months. After 6 12 months cochlear implantation, 33.3 children that reach high CAP scores CAP score of 5 or greater , and only 38.9 reaching high SIR scores SIR score of 3 or greater."