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"Demam neutropenia merupakan salah satu kegawatan yang terjadi pada kasus anak kanker yang sedang menjalani kemoterapi. Demam neutropenia dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi pada anak dan dapat memperburuk keadaan umum anak. Perawat berperan dalam meningkatkan kapasitas anak dan keluarga untuk upaya pengendalian infeksi selama di rumah sakit dan sebagai persiapan perawatan di rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuasi-eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre-post without control group. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 30 anak dengan kanker yang dirawat dengan demam neutropenia. Intervensi manajemen pengendalian infeksi terdiri dari edukasi dan pemantauan perilaku pengendalian infeksi selama lima hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dan ada perubahan perilaku setelah diberikan intervensi manajemen pengendalian infeksi pada anak dengan demam neutropenia. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan dengan metode pemantauan yang lebih efektif sehingga manajemen pengendalian infeksi dapat berjalan optimal.

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Febrile neutropenia is one of the main causes of cancer children who are undergoing chemotherapy. Febrile neutropenia can increase the risk of infection in children and can worsen the general condition of children. Nurses play a role in increasing the capacity of children and families for infection control efforts while in the hospital and as preparation for home care. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post without control group approach. The study sample consisted of 30 children with cancer who were treated with febrile neutropenia. The infection control management intervention consisted of education and monitoring of infection control behavior for five days. The results showed a significant difference in the level of knowledge of parents and there was a change in behavior after being given an infection control management intervention in children with febrile neutropenia. Further research can be carried out with more effective monitoring methods so that infection control management can run optimally."

"Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) atau infeksi respiratori akut (IRA) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting karena merupakan penyebab kematian kedua setelah diare pada Balita di Indonesia. Peranan perawat sangat penting dengan memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang mendukung proses penyembuhan dan perkembangan anak. Residen menggunakan pendekatan model konservasi energi Myra Estrine Levine dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada 5 anak dengan IRA. Residen membantu anak dalam memenuhi tugas perkembangannnya meliputi proses beradaptasi dan berinteraksi serta memberikan respon terhadap rangsangan dengan lingkungan di sekitarnya sehingga anak mencapai kesembuhan dengan mengoptimalkan konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktur, konservasi integritas personal dan konservasi integritas sosial. Saran: perawat bisa menerapkan dan lebih mengembangkan metode pendekatan model Levine dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan.

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Acute respiratory infections (ARI) or acute respiratory infections (IRA) is an important health problem because it is the second leading cause of death after diarrhea the toddler in Indonesia. The role of nurses is critical to provide nursing care that supports the healing process and development of children. Resident uses a model approach to energy conservation Myra Estrine Levine in providing nursing care to five children with the IRA. Resident helps the child to fulfill the task of covering the process of adapting and interact and respond to stimuli with the surrounding environment so that children achieve recovery by optimizing energy conservation, structural integrity conservation, personal integrity conservation and social integrity conservation.

Suggestions: nurses can apply and further develop methods Levine model approach in the provision of nursing care."

"Kekurangan nutrisi dan penyakit infeksi merupakan sebuah interaksi yang saling mempengaruhi. Infeksi dapat mempengaruhi status nutrisi dan sebaliknya masalah nutrisi dapat memperburuk kemampuan anak untuk mengatasi penyakit. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran aplikasi Model Konservasi Myra E. Levine dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan penyakit infeksi yang mengalami ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan. Model Konservasi Levine diaplikasikan pada lima kasus kelolaan yang mengalami ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan. Intervensi yang diberikan berdasarkan pinsip-prinsip konservasi sudah mencakup semua masalah yang ditemukan pada klien. Hasil evaluasi pada akhir perawatan dari trophicognosis ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan pada kelima kasus menunjukkan teratasi sebagian tetapi sudah menunjukkan perbaikan.

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Under nutrition and infectious diseases is an interaction of mutual influence. The infection can affect nutritional status and than nutritional problems can worsen the child's ability to cope with the disease. Final this study is to give an overview of applications Myra E. Levine's Conservation Model in providing nursing care in children with infectious diseases who have nutritional imbalance less than needs.

Levine Conservation Model was applied in five cases managed with nutritional imbalance less than needs. Intervention provided by conservation principle already includes all the problems that are found on the client. The results of the evaluation at the end of the treatment of nutritional imbalance less than the needs trophicognosis of the five cases, showed unresolved but already showing improvement."

"Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, a comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms."

"Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi dan penyakit infeksi merupakan faktor yang saling mempengaruhi. Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi akan menyebabkan penyakit infeksi, sebaliknya penyakit infeksi juga akan menyebabkan anak mengalami ketidakseimbangan nutrisi. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak yang mengalami ketidakseimbangan nutrisi melalui pendekatan model konservasi Levine serta mengetahui gambaran skrining malnutrisi menggunakan Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score PYMS. Model konservasi Levine diaplikasikan pada lima kasus kelolaan. Intervensi yang diberikan berdasarkan prinsip konservasi Levine untuk mengatasi masalah yang ditemukan. Hasil evaluasi akhir perawatan dari tropichognosis ketidakseimbangan nutrisi pada kelima kasus menunjukkan masalah dapat teratasi. Metode Evidence Based Nursing Practice menggunakan pendekaatan PICO. Hasil skrining PYMS menggambarkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas lebih tinggi yaitu 95,7 dan 66,7. PYMS dapat disarankan untuk digunakan dalam melakukan skrining anak dengan ketidakseimbangan nutrisi.

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Nutrition imbalances and infectious diseases are mutually influencing factors. Nutritional imbalances will lead to infectious diseases, otherwise infectious diseases will also cause the child to experience nutritional imbalances. This final study was to provide an illustration of nursing care in children with nutritional imbalances through the Levine conservation model approach and know the malnutrition screening using Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score PYMS.

Levine's conservation model was applied to five cases of management. Interventions are given based on Levine's conservation principles to address the problems found. The final evaluation result of treatment of tropichognosis nutritional imbalances in the five cases indicates the problem can be resolved. The Evidence Based Nursing Practice method used the PICO approach. PYMS screening results illustrated a higher sensitivity and specificity of 95.7 and 66.7. PYMS may be recommended for use in screening children with nutritional imbalances."

"Penyakit infeksi erat kaitannya dengan masalah cairan dan elekrolit. Anak dengan masalah cairan dan elektrolit mayoritas akan diberikan terapi cairan dan elektrolit melalui terapi intravena. Pemberian cairan dan terapi melalui jalur intravena memiliki risiko komplikasi, salah satu komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi adalah flebitis. Model asuhan keperawatan konservasi Levine menawarkan konsep yang holistik yang mampu mengatasi masalah tersebut. Asuhan keperawatan model konservasi Levine bertujuan untuk mempertahankan keutuhan individu dengan cara beradaptasi melalui aspek konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktur, integritas personal dan sosial. Pada masalah flebitis, residen menerapkan penyelesaian masalah dengan pendekatan PICO, menggunakan intervensi kompres air hangat pada anak yang mengalami flebitis. Hasil penerapan EBNP didapatkan bahwa kompres hangat mampu menurunkan derajat flebitis dengan efektif. Model asuhan keperawatan konservasi Levine mampu mengeksplorasi data yang diperlukan untuk masalah cairan dan elektrolit dan dapat diterapkan pada pasien anak di ruang infeksi.

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Infectious diseases are closely related to fluid and electrolyte problems. Children with fluid and electrolyte problems will be given fluid and electrolyte therapy through intravenous therapy. Giving fluids and intravenous therapy have a risk of complications, one of the most common complications is phlebitis. Levine 39 s conservation nursing care model offers a holistic concept that addresses the problem. This model aimed to maintain the integrity of the individual by adaptation through the conservation of energy, structure, and personal and social integrity. In phlebitis problem, the resident used PICO method approach, using warm water compress in children with phlebitis. The results of EBNP implementation found warm compress can reduce the degree of phlebitis effectively. This model was able to explore the data needed for fluid and electrolyte problems and can be applied to pediatric patients in the infection ward."

"Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract [SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added."

"This book is unique in approaching multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) from the perspective of its pathophysiological mechanism, and addressing aspects that are overlooked in most of the available literature. Eminent experts in the field from Europe and beyond offer new insights into risk stratification, severity assessment, and management of critically ill patients with sepsis. The principal focus is on recently developed concepts in infection management and in antibiotic use, bearing in mind that in these patients the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics are altered, affecting renal clearance and requiring dosage adjustments. The significance of the PIRO (predisposing factors, infection, response, organ dysfunction) model in the development of effective treatment strategies is emphasized. "