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"ABSTRAKContemporary scholarship on Jamaican-born writer and poet Claude McKay, an influential figure of the Harlem Renaissance, seems to be unanimous in approaching his work through a lens of inter- or transnationalism. Thereby, mainly two aspects are often emphasized: First, his travelers life which he has documented in his autobiography A Long Way from Home, and second his political position, traceable in both his fictional and his non-fictional publications. This essay explores a third aspect of McKays transnationalism: his politics of culture and identity. Assuming that experiences and practices of groundedness and movement go along with an understanding of the self, I analyze McKays 1928 novel Home to Harlem and argue that the built-in paradox James Clifford calls dwelling-in-travel is not only evident in the novels politics of space, but can also be traced in its politics of gender relations and his representation of race."

"ABSTRAKThis study examined factors that determine immigrant womens service usage, using Gelberg-Andersens Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations as a conceptual framework. Considering that the degree to which female marriage migrants take advantage of support services varies considerably within the group, special analytic attention was given to possible differences in service utilization patterns depending on their employment status. The study utilized National Survey on Multicultural Family data set from 2009. Among the total 154,333 individuals, the study used a sub-sample of 53,155 female marriage migrants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible differences in service utilization in relations to employment status. The relationship between the two support services (adjustment assistance services and family care services) was examined. In addition, the three domains of factors that jointly explain the use of services among female marriage migrants were explored. The study found that female marriage migrants have different needs depending on their employment status. In terms of adjustment assistance service use determinants, the strongest predictor was having Joseonjok (Korean-Chinese) ethnicity for both the employed and unemployed group. When predicting the family care service use, number of children turned out to be the strongest predictor for the employed group, whereas perceived needs turned out as the strongest predictor for the unemployed group. Findings from the study may provide useful implications for the development of social work services and/or service delivery systems that are tailored to the different needs of immigrant women based on their positions within the labor market."

"ABSTRAKMalaysias representation of women as parliamentarians remains one of the lowest in comparison to other Southeast Asian and global parliamentary democracies. However, when contextualized against Malaysias politics of divides and dissent starting from 1999 onward, there are some newer characteristics of womens involvement in formal politics. This paper explores the specificities of womens experience in formal politics under the one-party dominant rule of the National Front before it was defeated in the May 2018 general election. The paper questions various incidents of political transitioning from an old to a newer political regime. Processes such as the collaboration between womens civil society and formal state political actors, the cultivation of clientelist and patronage relations, and the maintenance of a cohesive multiparty coalition as a strategy for electoral advantage have all had fruitful bearings on the way the formalization of women in politics has developed. However, given the insufficiency of these developments for increasing womens representation, this paper proposes the more reliable gender quota or reserved seats mechanism as one of the considerations for gender electoral reform."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya ketidakseimbangan representasi gender dalam buku teks bahasa Inggris untuk pemelajar di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi representasi gender dalam buku teks bahasa Inggris, serta persepsi pembelajar dan pemelajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang memungkinkan peneliti mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih luas dan mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan model tiga dimensi CDA (Fairclough, 2015) sebagai kerangka analisis buku teks. Model ini terdiri dari tahap deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Analisis pada tahap deskripsi dilakukan dengan melihat empat aspek, yaitu jenis aktivitas, jenis peran sosial dan domestik, penggunaan kata ganti maskulin dan feminin, serta representasi visual laki-laki dan perempuan. Kemudian, hasil deskripsi diinterpretasikan dan dijabarkan kaitannya dengan konteks sosial yang lebih luas. Selain itu, wawancara semi terstruktur dengan pembelajar dilakukan untuk melihat pandangan mereka terkait representasi gender dalam buku teks. Selanjutnya, penyebaran kuesioner kepada pemelajar dilakukan untuk melihat kepekaan dan kesadaraan mereka terkait isu kesetaraan gender. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, masih terdapat kesenjangan terkait representasi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam buku teks. Laki-laki cenderung lebih dominan ditampilkan dibandingkan perempuan. Perempuan masih ditempatkan pada stereotip tradisonal yang berlaku. Kedua, pembelajar menyadari adanya bias serta stereotip gender dalam buku teks yang mereka digunakan. Mereka merekomendasikan adanya perbaikan berkelanjutan terkait konten gender dalam buku teks. Ketiga, hasil kuesioner menunjukkan masih kurangnya tingkat kesadaran pemelajar terhadap isu kesetaraan gender. Beberapa rekomendasi berdasarkan temuan ditujukan kepada pemangku kebijakan bahasa dan penulis buku untuk membuat dan memublikasikan buku teks yang merepresentasikan kesetaraan gender. Selain itu, peran aktif pembelajar sebagai pengguna dan mediator buku teks juga harus ditingkatkan agar dapat membantu pemelajar menumbuhkan pemahaman serta kepekaan terhadap pentingnya kesetaraan gender.

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This research was motivated by a tendency of imbalanced gender representation in English language textbooks for students at Senior High Schools (SMA) in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate gender representation in English language textbooks, as well as teachers' and learners' perceptions. This research employed qualitative methods to gain a broader and deeper understanding about gender representation in textbooks. This research employed three-dimensional model of CDA (Fairclough, 2015) as the analytical framework to approach textbooks. This model consists of description, interpretation and explanation stages. Analysis at the description stage was carried out by looking at four aspects, namely types of activities, types of social and domestic roles, the use of masculine and feminine pronouns, and visual representations of male and female. Afterwards, the description results were interpreted and explained in relation to the broader social context. In addition, semi-structured interviews with teachers were conducted to examine their views regarding gender representation in textbooks. Subsequently, questionnaire distributions to students were carried out to assess their sensitivity and awareness regarding gender equality issues. The results in this study presented several important findings. Firstly, there is still a gap regarding the representation of men and women in textbooks. Male representation tends to be more dominant than female. Women are still placed in the prevailing traditional stereotypes. Secondly, the teachers are aware of bias and gender stereotypes in the textbooks they use. They recommended continued improvements regarding gender content in textbooks. Finally, the results of the questionnaire showed that there is still a lack of student awareness of gender equality issues. Several recommendations based on the findings are aimed at language policy makers and book authors to create and publish textbooks that represent gender equality. Apart from that, the active role of teachers as users and mediators of textbooks must also be increased in order to help students grow their understanding and sensitivity to the importance of gender equality."

"This comparative research focuses on how gender representation has changed over time in Disney films and looks at how temporal variations and narrative circumstances affect it. Furthermore, the study examines how the representation of male and female characters in "Wreck-It Ralph: Ralph Breaks the Internet" (2018) and "Cinderella" (2015) challenges or reinforces gender stereotypes. These films show women as strong and capable, in contrast to traditional portrayals that frequently show them as weak. This has an impact on the messages they convey about gender empowerment as a whole. As societal views on gender roles continue to evolve, this research attempts to offer insights into the changing landscape of gender representation in Disney animation and its implications for wider society conceptions of gender through qualitative analysis of the storylines, characterizations, and thematic components of the films.

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Penelitian komparatif ini berfokus pada bagaimana representasi gender telah berubah dari waktu ke waktu dalam film-film Disney dan melihat bagaimana variasi temporal dan keadaan naratif mempengaruhinya. Selain itu, studi ini mengkaji bagaimana representasi karakter laki-laki dan perempuan dalam "Wreck-It Ralph: Ralph Breaks the Internet" (2018) dan "Cinderella" (2015) menantang atau memperkuat stereotip gender. Film-film ini menunjukkan perempuan sebagai sosok yang kuat dan mampu, bertentangan dengan penggambaran tradisional yang sering menunjukkan mereka sebagai lemah. Hal ini mempengaruhi pesan keseluruhan yang mereka sampaikan tentang pemberdayaan gender. Seiring pandangan masyarakat tentang peran gender terus berkembang, penelitian ini mencoba menawarkan wawasan tentang perubahan lanskap representasi gender dalam animasi Disney dan implikasinya bagi konsepsi gender di masyarakat luas melalui analisis kualitatif dari alur cerita, karakterisasi, dan komponen tematik dari film-film tersebut."

"Berpusat pada narasi komunitas Palestina-Amerika, Amreeka (2009) adalah film indie yang telah dikaji melalui perspektif gender dan Psikologi. Untuk mengisi ruang kosong dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif postkolonial dalam menganalisis representasi stereotip komunitas Arab-Amerika serta perbedaan perlakuan terhadap mereka yang dipengaruhi oleh unsur ras dan gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori cultural representation oleh Stuart Hall dan teori intersectionality oleh Kimberly Crenshaw untuk mengkaji dialog, kiasan, dan aspek visual dalam film. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui apakah upaya film Amreeka untuk mengedepankan keragamaan dari komunitas Arab-Amerika berhasil serta bagaimana gender dan ras saling berpengaruh dalam menciptakan perbedaan perlakuan terhadap karakter-karakter Arab-Amerika di film Amreeka. Hasil pengamatan terhadap perkembangan karakter dan alur cerita menunjukan bahwa Amreeka berhasil dalam memberikan representasi keragaman di komunitas Arab-Amerika dan juga hubungan ras dan gender dalam menciptakan perbedaan perlakuan di komunitas tersebut.

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Centering on the narrative of the Palestinian American, Amreeka (2009) is an American indie movie that has been examined through gender and psychological perspective. In order to fill in the gap of previous works, this paper uses the postcolonial perspective in analyzing the representation of stereotyping as well as race and gender othering in the movie. Stuart Hall‟s framework of cultural representation and Kimberly Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality will be used to examine the movie‟s dialogue, allusion, and visual aspect. This paper intends to find out whether or not the movie‟s attempts to highlight the diversity of Arab Americans successful as well as how gender and race intersect in creating the feeling of „otherness‟ towards the characters."

"Pada masa Soviet, perempuan berada dalam posisi inferioritas, yang tergambar di dalam karya-karya sastra Rusia. Kaum perempuan Rusia sebagian besar memiliki peran sebagai pekerja dan ibu rumah tangga. Masa Soviet menyimpan banyak kenangan termasuk bagi sebagian kaum perempuan yang pernah hidup pada masa tersebut. Elena Chizhova membagikan pengalamannya ketika ia hidup di masa Soviet melalui novelnya Время Женщин (Vremia Zhenshchin) ‘Waktu Tentang Perempuan’. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana citra perempuan pada masa Soviet digambarkan melalui tokoh perempuan dalam novel Время Женщин (Vremia Zhenshchin). Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Teori yang digunakan yaitu sosiologi sastra dan kritik sastra feminis.

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During soviet regime, women were put in a very inferior position, where it had been portrayed in several Russian literatures. Women mainly only had two roles, factory workers and housewives. Soviet era stored so many memories especially for women who lived throughout the era. Elena Chizhova shared her experience as a fellow woman who lived in that time through her novel Время Женщин (Vremia Zhenshchin) ‘“Time of Women”. The main problem of this research is how women image during Uni Soviet era is defined through women characters in Время Женщин (Vremia Zhenshchin). This qualitative research used descriptive method as well as intrinsic aproach and extrinsic approach. The theory applied here is sociology theory and critic of feminist literature."

"Konsep pembagian peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam ajaran Konfusianisme menjadi penyebab terjadinya ketidaksetaraan gender di berbagai bidang. Meski zaman telah berubah, perempuan di Korea Selatan masih kerap diasosiasikan dengan peran domestiknya sehingga perempuan tidak mampu memiliki eksistensi dan identitas yang mandiri. Isu mengenai perempuan ini menjadi topik utama dalam novel Kim Ji-young, Born 1982. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana eksistensi tokoh Kim Ji-young dan upayanya dalam mencapai transendensi berdasarkan teori feminisme eksistensialisme Simone de Beauvoir ditampilkan dalam novel Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan korpus yaitu novel Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982 karya Cho Nam-joo dalam bahasa Korea. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Kim Ji-young belum mampu bereksistensi dan menjadi “ada untuk dirinya sendiri”. Selanjutnya, Kim Ji-young juga belum mampu menjalankan strategi transendensi, karena faktor eksternal yaitu status sosialnya yang kurang menguntungkan dan lingkungan konservatif yang tidak suportif. Selain itu, kepribadian Kim Ji-young yang tertutup dan pendiam juga menjadi faktor internal yang menjadi tantangan bagi upaya menuju transendensinya.

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The existence of division roles between men and women in Confucianism is the cause of gender inequality in various fields. Although times have changed, women in South Korea are still often associated with their domestic roles, resulting in women being unable to have an independent existence and identity. The issue of women is the main topic in Kim Ji-young, Born 1982. This study aims to describe how the existence of Kim Ji-young's character and her efforts to gain transcendence based on Simone de Beauvoir's existential feminism theory are shown in the novel. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with the novel Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982 by Cho Nam-joo in Korean as the corpus. Based on the results, the author can conclude that Kim Ji-young has not been able to exist and to “be for itself". Kim Ji-young has not been able to transcend her boundaries due to external factors such as weak social status and the unsupportive society towards women's transcendence due to patriarchal culture. Furthermore, Kim Ji-young’s introverted and quite character also appears as a challenge in her own efforts towards transcendence."