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"ABSTRAKDiabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DM Tipe 2) sering dikaitkan dengan penyakit komorbid yaitu hipertensi dan dislipidemia. Peran apoteker belum terlihat untuk mengendalikan penyakit DM tipe 2, komorbid serta kepatuhan terapi pasien dalam perawatan kesehatan primer Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konseling apoteker disertai buklet terhadap luaran klinis dan kepatuhan terapi pasien rawat jalan DM Tipe 2. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai September 2018 dengan desain pre-eksperimental dan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Selama penelitian, subjek diberikan kuesioner sosiodemografi, Medication Adherence Questionnaire, melakukan penilaian pill count adherence, serta pengukuran luaran klinis yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah 3 kali diberikan intervensi apoteker. Hasil penelitian 51 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan juga menyelesaikan penelitian. Proporsi pasien yang diuji menggunakan kai kuadrat memberikan hasil, pasien dengan kadar Gula Darah Puasa dan HbA1c yang terkontrol serta kepatuhan terapi yang tinggi signifikan lebih banyak dan berbeda bermakna setelah diberikan intervensi dengan nilai (p = <0,0001; 0,014; <0,0001). Analisis perbedaan rerata luaran klinis menggunakan uji T dependen dan Wilcoxon Sign menunjukkan hasil terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar GDP (p= <0,0001), HbA1c (p= <0,0001), kolesterol total (p= 0,011), HDL (p= <0,0001), LDL (p= <0,0001) dan kepatuhan terapi (p= <0,0001) sedangkan trigliserida dan tekanan darah tidak berbeda (p >0,05). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi apoteker yaitu konseling dan pemberian buklet dapat memperbaiki kadar glikemik, mencegah atau memperlambat progresivitas penyakit komorbid, dan efektif meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi pasien.

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ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with comorbid diseases that is hypertension and dyslipidemia. The role of pharmacists has not been seen to control type 2 DM disease and its comorbidities in Indonesian primary health care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of counseling by pharmacists with the booklet on clinical outcomes and adherence to therapy for outpatients type 2 DM. The study was conducted from January to September 2018 with pre-experimental design and consecutive sampling. During the study, subjects were given a sociodemographic questionnaire, Medication Adherence Questionnaire, do the Pill Adherence Count assessment, measurement clinical outcome before and after 3 times of pharmacy intervention. The study result was 51 patients who entered inclusion-exclusion criteria and had completed the study. The proportion of patients whose tested using chi-squared gave results that patients with controlled Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c levels, and high medication adherence was more significant and different after the intervention (p = <0,0001; 0,014; <0,0001). Difference analysis of clinical outcomes using T dependent test and Wilcoxon sign test showed there was a significant difference in FBS (p = <0,0001), HbA1c (p = <0,0001), total cholesterol (p = 0,011), HDL (p = <0,0001), LDL (p = <0,0001) and therapy adherence (p = <0,0001) while triglycerides levels and blood pressure has no difference. This study shows that pharmacist intervention can improve glycemic levels, prevent or decrease progression of comorbid and effective to improve patient compliance."

"Tingkat kepatuhan diet di Indonesia rata-rata masih rendah. Diet dalam menjaga makanan seringkali menjadi kendala karena masih tergoda dengan segala makanan yang dapat memperburuk kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan diet pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain cross-sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan rentang usia 25-65 tahun yang sedang rawat jalan, sampel diambil dengan metode non-random sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 130 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran antropometri, pengisian kuesioner, form food recall 1x24 jam dan semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 13,8% responden yang patuh diet. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kepatuhan diet diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan jenis kelamin (p=0,008) dan lama menderita (p=0,044). Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan lama menderita merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan diet diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penderita diabetes melitus diharapkan untuk memperhatikan pola makan yang dianjurkan dan melaksanakannya dengan baik, mampu secara aktif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuannya terkait penyakit diabetes melitus dan faktor-faktor terkait lainnya dan tetap mempertahankan pola makan yang sudah dijalankan bagi yang sudah lama menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2.

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The level of dietary adherence in Indonesia is still low. Diet in maintaining food is often become an obstacles because the patient is still tempted by all food that can worsen their health. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was using a cross-sectional design. The samples studied were all type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 with the age range 25-65 years was outpatient, samples were taken with non-random sampling method with purposive sampling of 130 people. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, filling-out questionnaires, 1x24 hour food recall and dan (semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire) SFFQ form.

The results showed 13.8% of respondents were diet-compliant. There were significant relationship between gender (p=0.008) and length of suffering (p=0.044) with between dietary adherence. The result of logistic regression test showed that the duration of suffering is the dominant factor associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were expected to pay attention to the diet recommended and carry it out well, to actively to improve the knowledge related to the disease diabetes mellitus and related to the other factors and still preserve diet that has been run for who has long been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang besar. Data dari studi global menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penderita Diabetes Melitus pada tahun 2011 telah mencapai 366 juta orang di dunia (IDF, 2011). Salah satu provinsi yang memiliki prevalensi Diabetes yang tinggi adalah Provinsi Banten. Prevalensi DM Provinsi Banten di daerah perkotaan sebesar 5,3% (mendekati angka nasional 5,7%) (Balitbangkes, 2008). TUJUAN: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Citangkil dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Pulo Merak, Kota Cilegon. DISAIN: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, yang merupakan analisis data sekunder dari data Program Pengendalian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Faktor Risikonya di Kota Cilegon. Data dikumpulkan tahun 2011 dan analisis dilakukan tahun 2012. HASIL: Prevalensi DM Tipe 2 adalah sebesar 4,4%. Variabel yang terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian DM Tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik (p: 0,032). Orang yang aktivitas sehari-harinya ringan memiliki risiko 2,68 kali untuk menderita DM tipe 2 dibandingkan dengan orang yang aktivitas fisik sehariharinya sedang dan berat (OR: 2,68; 95% CI: 1,11-6,46).

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BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is one of big health problems. Global study showed that diabetician in 2011 had reached 336 millions people (IDF, 2011). One of provinces that had high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is Banten Province. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Banten Province in urban areas is 5,3% (approaching the national prevalence 5,7%) (Balitbangkes, 2008).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to investigate the risk factors that have correlation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Citangkil Primary Health Care and Pulo Merak Primary Health Care, Cilegon City.

DESIGN: This research was a quantitative research with cross sectional design. It used the secondary data of T2DM and Its Risk Factors Controlling Program in Cilegon City. Data was collected in 2011 and the analyzing was done in 2012.

RESULT: The Prevalence of T2DM was 4,4%. The variabel that have correlation with T2DM is physical activity (p value: 0,032). People who have low intensity in physical activity has 2,68 times probabilty to get T2DM than people who has middle and high intensity in phisycal activity (OR: 2,68; 95% CI: 1,11-6,46)."

"The therapy for degenerative deseases such as hypertension and type 2 of diabetes mellitus may take a long time or even as long as patient's lifetime. The length of therapy process that patient should take, sometimes make them not be comply with their therapy instructions. Patient Counseling by pharmacist is one of the way to maintain or to increase their compliance to the therapy. The objective of this study was to know how far the patient counseling by Pharmacist influenced patient's knowledge and compliance on taking their medicine in Kimia Farma Pharmacy. Patient's compliance was measured by indirect methode ( interview using questioner as measure equipment ). Respondents were patients who bought medicine by prescription in Kimia Farma Pharmacy , Pasar Minggu as treatment sample and Kimia Farma Merdeka Bogor as control one. Sample were collected in August to October 2007. The result showed that there was significant difference of knowledge to hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy between intervention group and control one ( p value = 0.039 ). There was also difference of adherence to hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy between intervention group and control one ( p value = 0.002 ). The Pharmacist counseling influenced the knowledge ang adherence of respondents. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Penyakit kronis Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit yangbanyak ditemui pada masyarakat Indonesia. Penderita penyakit ini membutuhkanpenanganan jangka panjang yang tidak hanya meliputi pengobatan namun jugaperubahan gaya hidup. Perubahan gaya hidup membutuhkan adaptasi yangterkadang menimbulkan stress bagi penyandang penyakit ini. Stress yang tidakdikelola dengan baik dapat menyebabkan penderita masuk dalam kondisi depresiMetode Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain single subject designdan pengambilan sample menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Partisipanterdiri dari 2 subjek yang memiliki kriteria GDS>150, divonis menyandangDiabetes Mellitus, dan hasil ukur berdasarkan Beck?s Depression Inventory beradapada golongan depresi berat atau golongan depresi ringan-sedang. Pertemuanberjalan 6 kali ditambah 1 pertemuan untuk asesmen awal. Pendekatan yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu cognitive behavior therapy. HasilBerdasarkan hasil pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah intervensi diperoleh hasilpartisipan mengalami penurunan tingkat depresi yang diindikasikan denganpartisipan yang lebih tenang setelah intervensi dan penurunan skor pada Beck?sDepression Inventory serta adanya perubahan pada pikiran negatif. KesimpulanPenelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan cognitive behavior therapy efektifdalam menurunkan tingkat depresi dan mengubah pikiran negatif pada penderitaDiabetes Mellitus tipe 2. Partisipan juga menyampaikan bahwa pendekatan inimemberikan manfaat karena dapat melatih partisipan mengendalikan isipikirannya.

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ABSTRACTBackground Chronic illness Diabetes Mellitus has been found as big cases in ourcountry. People who has this illness has to take a long time period of treatments,not only use drugs for long period but also change their life style. Changing lifestyle sometimes stressful for people who has this illness. If they can?t handlestress properly, they will down to depression. Method This research use singlesubject design and purposive sampling to take participants who can join thisresearch. Criteria that use in this research are people who has Diabetes Mellitustype 2, GDS>150, and people in mild-moderate group or severe group ofdepression based on Beck?s Depression Inventory. This research consist of 6sessions and 1 session for assessment. Cognitive behavior therapy was used in thisresearch. Result Based on before and after intervention measurement, participantshowed decrease of depression and change negative thoughts. It can be seen bydecrease of scores Beck?s Depression Inventory and participant?s reports.Conclusion This research has proven that cognitive behavioral therapy effectiveto decrease depression and change negative thoughts Diabetes Mellitus type 2patients."

"Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) secara empiris telah digunakan sebagai obat alternatif untuk berbagai penyakit termasuk diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis efek hipoglikemik kapsul sambiloto sebagai terapi tambahan pada penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2. Double-blind randomized controlled trial cross-over desain pada 34 subyek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama sambiloto mendapat 2 kali 2 kapsul sehari selama 14 hari, dan kelompok kedua mendapat plasebo selama 14 hari. Kedua kelompok tetap menggunakan metformin sebagai terapi standar kemudian dievaluasi kadar glukosa darah pasca terapi 14 hari. Pada pemberian kapsul sambiloto selama 14 hari tampak penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa lebih besar dibandingkan plasebo, tetapi tidak bermakna. Kapsul sambiloto bermakna menurunkan kadar glukosa darah 2 jam setelah makan. Kesimpulan: Kapsul sambiloto dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah namun bermakna secara statistik hanya 2 jam setelah makan.

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Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) is empirically used as an alternative medicine for various diseases including diabetes mellitus, but the scientific evident for treatment in humans is still limited. This study analyze the effects of hypoglycemic sambiloto capsules as additional therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Double-blind randomized controlled trial, cross-over design in 34 subjects who were divided into two groups. The first groups sambiloto received 2 capsules 2 times daily for 14 days, and the second groups received placebo for 14 days. Both groups kept taking metformin as standard therapy with an the evaluation of blood glucose levels on day 14. The results showed that administration of sambiloto capsules for 14 days, the blood glucose levels is greater compared to placebo but not significantly. Sambiloto capsules significantly reduced blood glucose 2 hours after eating. Conclusions: sambiloto capsules shown to reduced blood glucose levels, but statistically significant only in 2 hours after eating."

"Latar Belakang: Akumulasi lemak viseral pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe 2 dapat menyebabkan komplikasi metabolik dan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan dalam bentuk kombinasi High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) dan latihan beban terhadap perubahan lemak viseral pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Metode: Analisis sekunder dari Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) pada bulan Juli 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Subjek berjumlah 18 orang yang diambil dari kelompok eksperimen. Subjek melakukan HIIT sebanyak 3x/minggu dan latihan beban 2x/minggu dengan durasi 12 minggu latihan. Protokol HIIT dengan perbandingan 1 menit intensitas tinggi dan 4 menit intensitas lebih rendah, sedangkan latihan beban terdiri dari 9 jenis latihan meliputi ekstrimitas atas, batang tubuh, dan ekstrimitas bawah. Hasil: 18 pasien (72% perempuan) dengan rerata usia 50,94 tahun. Seluruh subjek berada pada kategori overweight (17%), dan obese (83%), serta obesitas sentral (100%). Tidak didapatkan perubahan lemak viseral yang signifikan (p>0.05) dengan pengukuran menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Kesimpulan: Didapatkan seluruh subjek berada pada kategori overweight dan obese serta memiliki obesitas sentral. Tidak didapatkan perubahan lemak viseral yang bermakna dari kombinasi HIIT dan latihan beban selama 12 minggu pada pasien DM Tipe 2.

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Background: The accumulation of visceral fat in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient can cause metabolic complications and risk of cardiovascular disease. Goals: This study aims to determine the effect of combined High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Resistance training on the Changes in Visceral Fat in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) on July 2017 and completed January 2018. Eighteen participants were taken from the experimental group. Participants did HIIT three times a week and resistance training twice a week with the duration of 12 weeks. HIIT protocol was comprised of one minute of high intensity and 4 minutes of lower intensity. Resistance training was comprised of nine exercises for upper extremities, core, and lower extremities. Results: 18 patients (72% female) with an average age of 50.94 years. All subjects were in the overweight (17%), obese (83%), and central obesity (100%). There were no significant changes in visceral fat (p>0,05) with measurements using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Conclusion: All participants are overweight, obese and have central obesity. There were no changes in visceral fat from a combination of HIIT and resistance training in

Type 2 DM patients in 12 weeks."

"Latar belakang : Peningkatan prevalensi penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) sejalan dengan peningkatan prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Strategi pencegahan komplikasi salah satunya berfokus pada pengendalian faktor risiko dan deteksi dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan PAP pada pasien DMT2 di tingkat layanan kesehatan primer.Metode : Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan populasi DMT2 berusia 20-65 tahun yang berobat di sepuluh Puskesmas DKI Jakarta pada bulan Agustus 2020 – Juni 2021. Pasien yang dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan ABI dengan menggunakan USG doppler handheld pada salah satu atau kedua tungkai, dengan atau tanpa riwayat PAP sebelumnya, akan dimasukkan sebagai subjek penelitian dan dilakukan pencatatan data dasar usia, jenis kelamin, durasi penyakit diabetes, tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol total, K-HDL, K-LDL dan trigliserida serta riwayat merokok, berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh dan lingkar pinggang. Dianggap PAP bila nilai ABI £0,9 atau >1,3 pada masing-masing tungkai.Hasil : Dari 188 pasien DMT2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 27 (14,4%) pasien mengalami komplikasi PAP dan 24 pasien diantaranya adalah perempuan. Proporsi masing-masing untuk PAP ringan, sedang dan berat adalah 56%, 18% dan 26%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan perempuan 3-4 kali lebih berisiko mendapatkan PAP (IK 95% 1,099-13,253, p=0,024), sementara usia, durasi diabetes, dislipidemia, hipertensi, obesitas, obesitas sentral dan merokok tidak dijumpai adanya perbedaan signifikan. Namun, setelah disesuaikan dengan durasi diabetes dan merokok pada analisis regresi logistik, jenis kelamin perempuan menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan.Simpulan : Tidak dijumpai adanya hubungan bermakna antara usia ≥50 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, durasi diabetes ≥10 tahun, hipertensi, dislipidemia, kebiasaan merokok, obesitas dan obesitas sentral terhadap PAP pada pasien DMT2.

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Background: The increasing prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is in line with that of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To prevent diabetes complications needs focuses on controlling risk factors and early detection. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of PAD in diabetic patients at the primary care setting.

Method: A cross sectional study of 188 diabetic patients aged 20-65 years old who attended ten community health centers in Jakarta from August 2020 until June 2021. Patients were performed for ABI using handheld doppler ultrasound on one or both limbs, with or without a previous history of PAD, were included. Baseline data such as age, gender, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, c-HDL levels, c-LDL levels, triglyceride levels, smoking history, weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference were recorded. PAD was defined as the ABI value £0.9 or >1.3 in each limb.

Result: Of the 188 T2DM patients who met the inclusion criteria, 27 (14.4%) patients experienced PAD and 24 of them were female. The proportions for mild, moderate and severe PAD were 56%, 18% and 26%, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that female were 3-4 times at risk of PAP (95% CI 1.099-13.253, p=0.024), while there were no significant differences in age, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, central obesity and smoking. However, after adjusting for duration of diabetes and smoking in logistic regression analysis, female had no statistically significant.

Conclusion: No significant relationship was found among age, gender, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, central obesity, smoking and PAP in T2DM."

"Latar Belakang. Terdapat dua hipotesis mengenai terjadinya diabetes melitus tipe 2 yaitu kegagalan sel beta pankreas dan resistensi insulin. Mengingat pengaruh faktor genetik pada kejadian DM tipe 2 maka diperkirakan resistensi insulin juga dipengaruhi faktor genetik. Sejauh ini data prevalensi resistensi insulin dan gambaran metabolik pads saudara kandung subyek DM tipe 2 di Indonesia belum ada.Tujuan. Mendapatkan angka prevalensi resistensi insulin pada saudara kandung subyek dengan DM tipe 2 dan mendapatkan data profil metabolik (profil lipid, IMT, lingkar perut, konsentrasi asam urat darah), tekanan darah dan distribusinya pads seluruh saudara kandung subyek dengan DM tipe 2Metodologi. Studi pendahuluan dan potong lintang dilakukan pada 30 saudara kandung subyek DM tipe 2 yang datang berobat di Poliklinik Metabolik dan Endokrinologi RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, untuk dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, konsentrasi insulin darah puasa, glukosa puasa, trigliserida, kolesterol HDL dan asam urat. Resistensi insulin ditentukan dari persentil 75 dari HOMA-IR.Hasil. Nilai cut-off HOMA-IR pada penelitian ini sebesar 2,04. Frekuensi resistensi insulin pads saudara kandung subyek DM sebesar 26,67% dengan proporsi di tiap keluarga bervariasi dari 0-75%. Semua subyek dengan resistensi insulin memiliki obesitas sentral dan sebanyak 75% memiliki IMT > 25. Komponen metabolik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah obesitas sentral (56,7%), menyusul hipertensi (46,7%), hipokolesterol HDL dan hipertrigliseridemia masing-masing 26,6%, dan hiperglikemia (20%).Simpulan. Frekuensi resistensi insulin pada saudara kandung subyek DM tipe 2 sebesar 26,67% dengan proporsi yang bervariasi di setiap keluarga antara 0-75%. Komponen metabolik paling banyak ditemukan adalah obesitas sentral.

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Backgrounds. There are two hypothesis in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM, beta cell failure and insulin resistance. As genetic background has significant role in type 2 DM cases, insulin resistance is also suspected to be influenced by genetic factor. Thus far, there are no insulin resistance prevalence data and metabolic abnormalities among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM available in Indonesia.Objectives. To obtain prevalence figure of insulin resistance among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM and to obtain their metabolic abnormality profiles as measured by their BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, glucose intolerance, concentration of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and uric acid.Methods. Cross-sectional study is conducted to 30 siblings of subjects with type 2 DM who are still alive and agree to participate in this study. The subjects are interviewed, physically examined and go through laboratory examination (fasting plasma insulin, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and uric acid concentration). Insulin resistance is derived from 75 percentile of HOMA-IR.Results. The HOMA-IR cut-off value found in this study is 2,04. The frequency of insulin resistance is 26,67% among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM within variation range of 0-75%. All of subjects with insulin resistance have central obesity. About 75% subjects with insulin resistance have BMI ? 25. The metabolic components which are frequently found in this study can be ranked as follows; central obesity (56,7%), hypertension (46,7%), hypocholesterol HDL (26,6%), hypertriglyceridemia (26,6%) and hyperglycemia (20%).Conclusion. The frequency of insulin resistance is 26,67% among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM within variation range of 0-75%. Among the metabolic components found in this study, central obesity is the most frequent."