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"ABSTRACTArchaeological remains can be used as data to reconstruct the culture of the past. At the top of Mount Tilu, Kuningan, stands a menhir decorated with reliefs. The indigenous community which once cared for this site has long vanished. This paper is the result of a research applying archaeological method and semiotic interpretation to reconstruct the life of this long-dead indigenous community. The reliefs on the menhir tell of the beliefs of this ancient which venerated the dragon. They considered this creature as the beginning of life on the earth. This dragon is different from its counterparts known in other parts of the world."

"ABSTRAKSitus kepurbakalaan Ratu Boko memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang terbatas, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya, masyarakat pada masa lalu yang tinggal di atasnya harus mengupayakan sesuatu. Dengan pendekatan environmental possibilism, penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa dengan kondisi lingkungan yang terbatas, kebudayaan manusia dapat mengatasi lingkungan dan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang ada dengan baik. Berdasarkan materi kebudayaan yang ditinggalkan, pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang dilakukan di antaranya adalah meratakan bukit, mendirikan bangunan sesuai karakter satuan batuan, menampung air hujan, memanfaatkan air rekahan, memanfaatkan air sungai, memanfaatkan batu andesit Kali Opak, memanfaatkan batu putih dan batuan induk, dan membuat sawah di wilayah subur sekitar bukit Boko.

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ABSTRACTEnvironmental conditions of Ratu Boko is limited that the people who lived there in the past must have done something to fulfill their needs. With environmental possibilism approach, this research shows that even though environmental conditions are limited, human culture can cope with that and utilizing the resources wisely as well as intelligently. Regarding the material culture remains, it is obvious that the natural resources being utilized were in the form of flattening the hill land surface with cut-and-fill technique, so people could live on it, using of rocks that are available around, rain water collecting by making water ponds as reservoirs, utilizing andesite rocks from Opak River, and making the fertile area around Boko hill as rice fields. "

"ABSTRAKCaruban is a site which emerged between Classical and Islamic period. This site is, located in Lasem District, Rembang Regency, Central Java. In an excavation in 1981, there were three human remains located from this site. This research objective is to find the evidence of diseases from the human remains curated in Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Palaeoanthropology, Gadjah Mada University. This research use paleopathological approach and macrosopic analysis. The results of this research are the individuals age and sex estimation, diseases and its relations with cultural aspects. The cultural influences which reflected in the remains, were dental modification such as dental ablation and dental filing. "

"ABSTRAKPatirthān merupakan peninggalan arsitektur bangunan atau kolam penampunganair yang memiliki fungsi profan yakni sebagai pemenuh kebutuhan air dan sakralyakni sebagai sarana pendukung kegiatan keagamaan. Patirthān muncul danberkembang dari masa klasik tua hingga masa klasik muda. Berbeda denganbangunan candi, bangunan patirthān tidak memiliki pedoman pembangunan yangbaku, sehingga tidak diketahui ciri, gaya serta penataan dari bangunan tersebut.Penelitian ini membahas 11 patirthān yang ada di wilayah Jawa Tengah danYogyakarta guna mengetahui ciri, gaya serta penataan dari bangunan patirthāndan membandingkannya dengan patirthān masa klasik muda di Jawa Timur.

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ABSTRACTPatirthān is one of architectural remains or a sacred pool which believed havingprofane function as a daily needs and sacred function as part or ritual. In ancientJavanese period, Patirthān can be found both in early classic and late classicperiod. Patirthān can be distinguished from Candi, especially in guiding aspectand manual books, Most of Patirthān do not have some sort of manual book. Thisconcept, then implicate the form and style of Partithān’s architecture. Thisundergraduate thesis will deliberate 11 Patirthān located in Central Java andYogyakarta for the purpose acquiring characteristic, style, and placing fromPatirthān and comparing from Patirthān in Ancient Javanese Late Period."

"Perjudian merupakan kegiatan bertaruh atau mempertaruhkan sesuatu yang berharga. Perjudian biasanya melibatkan beberapa faktor penting diantaranya adalah pelaku perjudian, lokasi perjudian, dan kegiatan perjudian itu sendiri. Perjudian pada masa lalu memiliki jejak rekam sejarah melalui prasasti. Prasasti yang menyimpan rekaman sejarah tersebut adalah prasasti sima, selain prasasti sima juga terdapat data pendukung yang lain speerti naskah dan juga relief. Data pendukung tersebut juga memberikan gambaran yang jelas mengenai perjudian pada masa Jawa kuno. Berdasarkan perbandingan data utama dengan isi naskah sastra maka perjudian memang ada dan muncul pada masa Jawa Kuno namun perjudian pada naskah belum ditemui pada prasasti yang sezaman. Teori-teori masuknya budaya dan agama India ke Indonesia tampaknya tidak diikuti oleh masuknya perjudian ke dalam budaya Indonesia. Data etnografi juga menunjukkan bahwa perjudian tradisional yang ada sekarang ini berbeda dengan perjudian di India. Berdasarkan data itu juga memperkuat asumsi bahwa perjudian tradisional seperti sabung ayam, adu kambing, dan adu babi masih berlangsung hingga kini. Bentuk-bentuk perjudian adu hewan yang berlangsung hingga saat ini merupakan usaha dan upaya masyarakat dalam mempertahankannya. Sabung ayam yang bertahan diseluruh pelosok Jawa dan Bali, adu kambing atau domba masih dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Jawa Barat, adu babi masih dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Sumedang dan adu balap burung dara oleh masyarakat Jawa Barat merupakan bentuk budaya yang masih bertahan hingga kini.

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Gambling is an activity bet or risking something of value. Gambling usually involves several important factors including the perpetrators of gambling, gambling location, and gambling itself. Gambling in the past has a track record history through inscriptions. Inscriptions keep the historical record is the inscription sima, sima inscription in addition there are also other supporting data speerti script and also relief. The supporting data also provide a clear picture of the future of gambling in ancient Java. Based on comparison of key data to the content of literary texts, the gambling exists and appears in ancient Javanese period but gambling on the manuscript has not been found in contemporary inscriptions. Theories entry of culture and religion of India to Indonesia does not seem to be followed by the entry of gambling into the culture of Indonesia. Ethnographic data also show that the current traditional gambling is different from gambling in India. Based on that data also reinforces the assumption that traditional gambling such as cock fighting, fighting goats, and pigs fighting has continued until now. The forms of gambling animal fights that took place today is a business and community efforts to maintain it. Cockfighting sustained throughout the corners of Java and Bali, fighting goats or sheep are still preserved by the people of West Java, the pig race is still preserved by the people of Soil and race racing pigeons by the people of West Java is a form of culture that still survives to this day."

"Archaeology has not paid adequate attention on Quranic studies yet; meanwhile, a lot of Biblical Archaeology researches are already available. This paper tries to formulate the branch of archeology, called Quranic Archaeology. As a branch of knowledge, this Quranic Archaeology must fulfill the archaeological scientific standard for the purpose of developing Quranic Archaeology as presented in this paper. This scientific basis is then depicted in various research topics for its development underpinned by research examples to trigger the development of knowledge and social dynamics."