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"ABSTRAKBackground: diabetes mellitus is a silent-killer. Its prevalence and impact on health expenses increase from year to year. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and the risk factors that affect diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.Methods: this is a cross sectional study. Data were obtained from the Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2013. The samples were individuals aged ≥15 years, whose fasting blood glucose and 2 hours blood glucose after the imposition have been measured. 38.052 individuals were selected for this study. The variables of age, sex, marital status, level of education, employment status, living area, regional status, hypertension, obesity, smoking habit, and dyslipidemia are analyzed as risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Bivariate analysis was using chi-square test with significance level of p<0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression test.Results: our study showed that 13% have diabetes mellitus in 2013. Factors affecting diabetes mellitus were age>55 years (OR=5.10; 95%CI 4.42 to 5.89; p<0.001), female (OR=1.37; 95%CI 1.26 to 1.49; p<0.001), rural (OR=1.16; 95%CI 1.08 to 1.26; p<0.001), married (OR=1.31; 95%CI 1.07 to 1.58; p<0.05), unemployed (OR=1.14; 96%CI 1.05 to 1.23; p<0.05), obesity (OR=1.46; 95%CI 1.35 to 1.58; p<0.001), hypertension (OR=1.68; 95%CI 1.55 to 1.81; p<0.001) and dyslipidemia (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.39- 1.68; P<0.001).Conclusion: as many as 13% of individuals have diabetes mellitus in 2013. Age, gender, living area, employment status, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are the contributing factors to diabetes mellitus."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Indonesia. Reportedly that DM is associated with various risk factors. Notably, it seems that the rising prevalence rates reflect changes in urban lifestyle. This study aimed to examine risk differences in the prevalence of DM among men and women aged 15 years and older that lived in urban areas in Indonesia. Analysis used secondary data of 2013 National Basic Health Research, which applied a cross sectional study design. The total of sample was 333,731 respondents. Data processing and analysis used multiple logistic regression method. In general, findings showed that doctor diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DDDM) among urban men and women aged 15 to 39 years did not differ. However, the odds ratio of DDDM among older women aged 50 to 64 years was 30 times higher than women aged 15 to 39 years, while among the same age men was 21 times higher than younger men aged 15 to 39 years (p value < 0.001). In conclusion, entering the age of 50 years, women show a much higher risk of contracting DDDM than women with younger age, also much higher than older men towards younger men."

"Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan penyebab utama kematian yaitu sebesar 30 kematian di dunia. Tahun 2013 prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner di Indonesia berdasarkan wawancara terdiagnosis dokter adalah sebesar 0,5 , dan berdasarkan terdiagnosis dokter atau gejala sebesar 1,5 . Sebanyak 68 orang yang menderita penyakit diabetes melitus meninggal karena komplikasi penyakit jantung koroner. Prevalensi orang dengan DM di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 6,9 dan pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penyakit diabetes melitus DM dengan prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner PJK di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut Riskesdas 2013 dengan desain studi Cross Sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penduduk di Indonesia usia ge;15 tahun yang memiliki data variabel penelitian lengkap. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa responden yang menderita diabetes melitus memiliki risiko 3,07 kali lebih besar untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak menderita diabetes melitus setelah dikontrol variabel usia, hipertensi, obesitas sentral, obesitas, stress, variabel interaksi diabetes melitus dengan usia, dan variabel interaksi diabetes melitus dengan obesitas sentral.

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death which contributes to about 30 of deaths in the world. In 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia, based on medical diagnosis was 0.5 and based on medical diagnosis or symptoms was 1,5 . There were 68 of people who suffered from diabetes mellitus died from complications of coronary heart disease. The prevalence of people with diabetes in Indonesia in 2013 was about 6.9 and in 2015. The aim of this study to determine the relationship between diabetes mellitus DM and the prevalence of coronary heart disease CHD in Indonesia. This study is a further analysis of Riskesdas Indonesia Basic Health Research 2013 designed with a cross sectional study. The respondents of this research were all residents in Indonesia at age ge 15 years, those who had completed research variable data. Based on the survey results revealed that respondents with diabetes mellitus are at 3.07 times higher risk of suffering coronary heart disease compared to respondents without diabetes mellitus after controlled by age, hypertension, central obesity, obesity, stress, interaction variable between diabetes mellitus and age, and interaction variable between diabetes mellitus and central obesity."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus (DM) adalah kelainan metabolik yang ditandai denganhiperglikemia yang diakibatkan dari kurangnya sekresi insulin, gangguanmetabolisme insulin, atau keduanya. Tingginya prevalensi DM memerlukanperhatian khusus dari perawat, terutama pada aspek manajemen glukosa darahsecara mandiri oleh klien. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif denganmetode fenomenologi. Hasil analisa data teridentifikasi lima tema, yaitu:perubahan yang terjadi setelah menderita DM, faktor penghambat kontrolglukosa darah, faktor pendorong kontrol glukosa darah, pelayanan keperawatanyang pernah diterima, dan bentuk dukungan yang diharapkan dari perawat. Hasilpenelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan dalam meningkatkan kualitasasuhan keperawatan dalam membantu klien memperbaiki gaya hidupnya.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia,as a result of insulin secretion deficit, altered insulin utilization, or both. The highprevalence of DM needs intense attention from nurses, especially on client’sexperience in self blood glucose management. This research employs qualitativemethodology, with phenomenology approach. The data analysis revealed fivethemes as follows: changes after being diagnosed DM, factors inhibiting glucosecontrol, factors facilitating glucose control, received nursing care, andexpectations towards nursing care. The results of this research are expected tocontribute postively in improving nursing care quality, especially in modifyingclient’s lifestyle."

"Diabetes melitus merupakan kelompok penyakit yang disebabkan oleh gangguan sekresi insulin atau kerja insulin. Masalah psikososial seperti stres dan kecemasan pada klien dengan yang mengalami diabetes melitus sangat mempengaruhi status kesehatan dan perkembangan kesembuhan klien karena mempengaruhi kadar gula darah. Karya ilmiah akhir ners ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis implementasi asuhan keperawatan relaksasi otot progresif berdasarkan evidence based practice dalam mengatasi ketidakstabilan kadar gula darah pada klien dengan masalah diabetes melitus di ruang IPD lantai 7 zona A RSUP Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Evaluasi tindakan diperoleh tehnik relaksasi otot progresif dapat menurunkan tingkat stres pada klien diabetes sehingga mampu menurunkan kadar gula darah.

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Diabetes mellitus is caused by secretory the impairment of insulin or function of insulin. Psychological problems such as stress and anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus might influence health status and healing process due to high blood glucose.

This final clinical nursing paper aimed to analyze nursing care intervention of progressive muscle relaxation based on evidence based practice to overcome instability of blood glucose level in patient with diabetes mellitus at medical ward, 7th Floor Zone A, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Results shown that Progressive Muscle Relaxation can reduce stress in patient with diabetes mellitus and high blood glucose level."

"[ABSTRAKDiabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang terus mengalamipeningkatan pada masyarakat perkotaan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pola hidup yangtidak terkontrol. Perubahan pola hidup membuat penderita diabetes mellitusmengalami stres dan kecemasan yang mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar guladarah. Karya akhir ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi asuhankeperawatan relaksasi otot progresif pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 yangmengalami ketidakstabilan kadar glukosa darah. Evaluasi intervensi relaksasi ototprogresif (PMR) menujukkan adanya penurunan kadar glukosa darah. PelaksanaanPMR sebagai intervensi mandiri perawat secara teratur dapat menurunkan kadarglukosa darah pada pasien DM tipe 2.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that is increasing in urbancommunities. This disease is caused by the uncontrolled lifestyle. Lifestyle changeshas made people with DM experiencing stress and anxiety that cause increasing inblood glucose levels. This case study aimed to analyze the implementation ofnursing care, especially the progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) effect ininstability blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 DM. The evaluation hasshown that PMR interventions can decrease blood glucose levels. Implementationof progressive muscle relaxation as an independent nursing intervention regularlycan lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes., Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that is increasing in urbancommunities. This disease is caused by the uncontrolled lifestyle. Lifestyle changeshas made people with DM experiencing stress and anxiety that cause increasing inblood glucose levels. This case study aimed to analyze the implementation ofnursing care, especially the progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) effect ininstability blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 DM. The evaluation hasshown that PMR interventions can decrease blood glucose levels. Implementationof progressive muscle relaxation as an independent nursing intervention regularlycan lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.]"

"Jumlah penduduk perkotaan cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya, hal tersebut berdampak pada meningkatkan masalah kesehatan pada masyarakat perkotaan. Diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit yang lazim dialami oleh masyarakat perkotaan di dunia. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan masalah psikososial keputusasaan pada masyarakat perkotaan yang mengalami diabetes mellitus. Intervensi yang dilakukan untuk masalah psikososial keputusasaan yaitu mengembangkan harapan positif, melatih kemampuan positif dalam diri klien dan pemberian infomasi sesuai kebutuhan klien. Hasil dari penerapan intervensi ini menunjukkan bahwa mengembangkan harapan positif dan melatih kemampuan positif pada klien mampu secara efektif menurunkan gejala keputusasaan.

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The urban population is increasing every year, it has an impact on improving the health problems in urban communities. Diabetes mellitus is a common disease which is experienced by the urban communities in the world. The aim of this essay is to describe the psychosocial problem, hopelessness, in urban communities who suffered from diabetes mellitus. Interventions for hopelessness psychosocial problem are developing positive expectations, positive skill enchancement within the client and providing information as per client requirements. The result of the implementation of this intervention showed that developing positive expectations and positive skill enchancement to the client could effectively decrease the hopelessness symptoms."

"Kepatuhan berolahraga mempunyai peran penting dalam manajemen terapi penderita diabetes melitus. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan penderita DM dalam melakukan olahraga. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel 122 responden diambil secara acak proposional. Analisa data menggunakan Chi Square dan regresi logistik berganda. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan penderita DM dalam melakukan olahraga adalah jenis kelamin (p = 0.026), pengetahuan (p = 0.013). persepsi manfaat (p = 0.016), persepsi hambatan (p = 0.002), dan dukungan keluarga (p = 0.00). Faktor yang paling dominan adalah dukungan keluarga (OR = 10.047). Diharapkan pelayanan kesehatan mengembangkan pengelolaan pelayanan berbasis keluarga dan komunitas untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien diabetes militus.

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Adherence play important role at therapeutic management of patients with DM. The Purpose this study was to identifies the factors Associated with adherence to exercise at patients with diabetes mellitus. This research was Quantitative research design with cross sectional approach. Sample was 122 respondents gained with proposional random method. Data were analyzed using chi square and multiple regression.Factors associated with adherence to exercise was gender (p = 0026), knowledge (p = 0.013). perception of benefit (p = 0.008), perceived barriers (p = 0.002), and family support (p = 0.00). family support was strong Associated with adherence to exercise (OR = 10.047). Expected health care service develop the management of health service based on family and community to improve adherence at patients with diabetes mellitus."

"Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit degeneratif dengan gejala hiperglikemia kronis akibat defisiensi maupun resistensi insulin. Kejadiannya terus meningkat terutama di perkotaan akibat perubahan gaya hidup seperti pola makan tinggi kalori rendah serat, aktivitas kurang, obesitas, merokok, konsumsi alkohol dan stress. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan pada Tn.S (59th) dengan diabetes, khususnya perawatan kaki untuk mencegah ulkus kaki. Intervensi perawatan kaki yang dilakukan kepada Tn.S selama tujuh hari menunjukkan bahwa kaki bersih, lembab, tidak ada luka, terasa lebih nyaman dan kesemutan sudah berkurang. Dengan demikian, perawatan kaki perlu dilakukan pada pasien diabetes baik saat di rumah sakit maupun di rumah.

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Diabetes Mellitus is a degenerative disease whose symptom chronic hyperglycemia because of deficiency or insulin resistance. The incidence of diabetes rapidly increasing trough years, especially in urban areas due to changes in lifestyle like a high calorie low fiber in diet, less activity, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and stress. This paper was made to analyze nursing care that was given to Mr.S (59 yo) with diabetes, especially footcare to prevent foot ulcer. Footcare which given to Mr.S for seven days indicated that the feet clean, moist, no injuries, feels more comfortable and nomb has decreased. Thus, footcare must be done by diabetic patients both in the hospital or at home."