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"Tesis ini membahas politik hukum kerukunan umat beragama oleh rezim-rezim yang berkuasa di Indonesia sejak Tahun 1998 sampai dengan 2008. Pengamatan terhadap model-model politik hukum yang digunakan oleh setiap rezim tersebut dilakukan untuk mengukur sampai sejauh mana proses demokratisasi menyentuh persoalan yang lebih esensial di dalam kehidupan masyarakat, yaitu persoalan kerukunan umat beragama. Sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Hussein Umar, mantan Ketua Umum Dewan Dakwah Islamiyyah Indonesia, kerukunan umat beragama merupakan salah satu pilar penting dalam memelihara keutuhan bangsa dan negara Indonesia. Pemeliharaan kerukunan umat beragama sangat bergantung kepada sikap tegas Negara, di dalam kaitan ini terutama Pemerintah atau Rezim Politik yang berkuasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar pemerintah mendorong segera diterbitkannya sebuah undang-undang yang mengatur kerukunan umat beragama, yang dengannya umat beragama benar-benar memperoleh jaminan kemerdekaan di dalam melaksanakan kegiatan keagamaan.

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This thesis studies legal policy of religious harmony amongst believers by the ruling regimes in Indonesia since the year 1998 until 2008. Observation of the legal political models used by each regime was performed to measure the extent of the democratization process which is more essential matters touched on in the life of society, namely the issue of religious harmony. As stated by Hussein Umar, a former Chairman of the Board of Da'wa Islamiyya Indonesia, religious harmony is one of important pillars in maintaining the integrity of the nation and the country of Indonesia. Such effort is depend on the State assertiveness, in this connection especially the government or the ruling political regime. This research is a normative law research. The result of this study suggested that the government should encourage the immediate issuance of a law regulating religious harmony, by which religious people actually obtain assurance of independence in carrying out religious activities."

"Gerakan dan ekspresi keislaman di Indonesia selalu dinamis mengikuti perubahan struktur sosial yang menyertainya. Dari era kemerdekaan hingga reformasi, agenagen Islam selalu merevisi gerakan keislaman yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan umat. Menariknya, agen Islam era reformasi termasuk juga pengusaha muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang mengeksplorasi bagaimana makna wirausaha Islam bagi para agennya, disertai dengan proses sosial yang melahirkan makna tersebut dan bagaimana makna tersebut mampu membentuk praksis sosial sehari-hari. Menggunakan teori strukturasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa wirausaha Islam dimaknai sebagai jihad ekonomi Islam. Jihad ekonomi Islam itu memiliki tiga tujuan utama. Pertama, sebagai sarana mobilitas vertikal. Kedua, sebagai upaya pencapaian keadilan ekonomi. Ketiga, sebagai upaya rekonstruksi keislaman modern di Indonesia. Ketiganya terjadi dalam perubahan sifat struktur negara yang memungkinkan dan memberdayakan Islam di era reformasi.

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Movement and expression of Islam in Indonesia always dynamically follow the changes in the social structure that accompanies it. From independence to the reformation era, the agents of Islam have always revise the Islamic movement in accordance with the needs of the ummah. Interestingly, Islamic agents in the reformation era includes Moslem entrepreneurs. This study used a qualitative approach to explore how the meaning of Islamic entrepreneurship for agents, accompanied by a social process that gave birth to the meaning and how that meaning is capable of forming everyday social praxis. Using structuration theory, the research found that Islamic entrepreneurship interpreted as Islamic economy jihad. Islamic economy jihad has three main objectives. First, as a means of vertical mobility. Second, as an effort to achieve economic justice. Third, as a way to reconstruct modern Islam in Indonesia. All three occurred in the changing nature of state structures that enabling and empower Islam in reformation era."

"ABSTRAKPembangunan rumah ibadat di Indonesia berkembang pesat dibawah PBM 2 Menteri 2006 namun ada kasus gangguan yang menghambat pembangunan gereja Yasmin Bogor terkait IMB datang dari warga dan dari Pemkot Kota Bogor yang telah menerbitkan IMB. Dalam perspektif Theory of Power Crime, gangguan tersebut adalah penyimpangan. Penyimpangan itu telah saling merugikan dua kelompok masyarakat di Kota Bogor dan kondusif bagi terbentuknya perilaku kolektif dan Budaya Dalam Transisi. Kemungkinan ledakan perilaku kolektif dari kelompok yang berkonflik diperkuat dengan pelabelan Kristenisasi dan Radikalisme yang mendorong kelompok memilih penyimpangan sebagai solusi. Hal ini merupakan ancaman dan gangguan bagi Ketahanan Kota Bogor. Studi Kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengungkap penyimpangan pembangunan rumah ibadat GKI Yasmin dalam perspektif Theory Power of Crime dan pengaruh penyimpangan tersebut terhadap Ketahanan Daerah dengan pendekatan collective Behavior. Studi ini menunjukan Pemerintah Kota sebagai pelaku penyimpangan utama, dan juga menunjukan para pemegang kontrol sosial Kota Bogor dapat mencegah terjadinya ledakan perilaku kolektif itu dan menyarankan untuk melanjutkan solusi relokasi gereja dan pengadilan bagi pelaku penyimpangan penipuan surat persetujuan warga terus dilanjutkan agar penegakan hukum menciptakan keadilan bagi semua.

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ABSTRACTThe construction of worship houses in Indonesia is rapidly growing under the PBM 2 Ministers 2006 and there is no case of disorders by local people until the contruction of Yasmin church in Bogor. People rejected the permit of construction the church by Bogor municipal government who issued IMB. In the perspective of Power Theory of Crime, the disorder is a deviation. The deviation causes disadvantage for two communities in the Bogor City and it is conducive for the formation of collective behavior and Culture in Transition . There is possible explosion of collective behavior groups in conflict and it is reinforced by labelingChristianization and radicalism that drives the group to choose the deviation as a solution. This is a threat and a nuisance to resistance of Bogo rCity. This qualitative study aimed to determine and uncover irregularities in the construction GKI Yasmin church and in the perspective of the Power Theory of Crime and the influence of the deviation to Bogor the Regional Resilience Behavior collective approach. This study shows the Bogor City authorities as a major deviation actors, and it is the also shows that the holders of social control in Bogor can prevent the explosion of collective behavior and to suggest solutions by continuing the relocation of the church and to prosecute the perpetrators of fraud deviation of the residence approval letter and to continue creating justice of law enforcement for all."

"ABSTRAKMenurut Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah terdapat urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang merupakan urusan Pemerintah yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan oleh daerah, urusan pemerintahan itu meliputi, Politik Luar Negeri, Pertahanan, Keamanan, Yustisi, Moneter dan Fiskal Nasional, dan agama. Urusan pemerintahan ini menjadi sepenuhnya urusan Pemerintah dan dapat dilimpahkan sebagian kewenangannya kepada wakil Pemerintah di daerah. Dalam hal urusan agama, kepala daerah tidak berwenang untuk mengeluarkan surat keputusan mengenai urusan agama, kecuali urusan agama tersebut telah dilimpahkan kepada wakil pemerintah didaerah dan/atau menugaskannya kepada daerah otonom.

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ABSTRACTAccording to Law No. 32 of 2004 on Regional Government affairs of government there which is a government affairs that can not be implemented by the region, it includes government affairs, Foreign Policy, Defense, Security, Justice, The National Monetary and Fiscal Policy, and Religion. It became fully government affairs and government affairs may be delegated some authority to the Government representative in the region. In terms of religious affairs, regional heads are not authorized to issue a decree on religious affairs, except in matters of religion has been delegated to the government representative in the area and/or delegated to the autonomous regions."

"Film is one of the mediums to present reality and to create people's sense to others. This can be found in the Schwarzfahrer, a film in which identities of foreigner are formed by the others through language, visual images, music, and act with social factors of that moment. The system of representation is shown on this film in form of discrimination, which is committed by an old women to foreigner. By using a cultural study related approach it will be showed how representation become an obstacle within implementation of multiculturalism in Germany."

"Ideally, multiculturalism is good cultural integration model for Indonesia, the largest archipelago country in the world with a population of about 250 million, but realistically, today's world in which it exists has been hegemonized by power relations in political, economical and practical terms. The five letters-POWER-has disturbed and hurt its cultural integration creating social conflicts among some ethnics and/or religious groups in the country, especially in the fifteen years of decentralization and regional autonomy policy implementation. Action approaches, \-vithin which power is the central dominant, open up new challenges since it embodies power relations and contestation. Neoliberal capitalistic economy is recognized and preferred in the world by any measure while capital networking becomes more relevant and important in our present era as those who do not belong to any network '"'ill be in a disadvantaged position. This paper would elaborate that Indonesia has been coping with the socio-cultural impacts of the faster changes locally, nationally and globally. Its cultures respond differently to the changes and this increases new plurality of social life, but at the same time, unfortunately, its national or state laws have developed not as fast, and it is quite often they are left behind. Multiculturalism has hardly contested with global materialistic-capitalistic domination which is brought about by power hegemony."