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"Covers the complete syllabus of the subject prescribed by the Dental Council of India. Practical aspects of dentistry are covered in depth, including tooth carving, tooth identification and assessment of approximate age of a specimen dental cast. The book also covers comparative dental anatomy, dental anthropology and forensic odontology."

"Latar Belakang: Eliminasi Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) dan Treponema denticola (Td), dengan skeling dan penghalusan akar (SPA) meningkatkan densitas tulang alveolar. Tujuan: Analisis densitas tulang alveolar serta jumlah bakteri Pg dan Td sebelum dan sesudah SPA pada kasus periodontitis kronis. Metode: Empat puluh subjek menyetujui informed consent, dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis, radiografis densitas tulang alveolar, penghitungan jumlah Pg dan Td dengan RT-PCR. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna jumlah bakteri Pg, Td, serta densitas tulang antara sebelum dan sesudah SPA (p<0,05); Hubungan bermakna antara jumlah bakteri Pg dan Td dengan densitas radiografis (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: SPA menurunkan jumlah bakteri Pg, Td, dan meningkatkandensitas radiografis tulang alveolar.

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Background: Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Treponema denticola (Td) with scaling and root planing (SRP) can increase the radiographic alveolar bone density.

Objective: To analyze radiographic bone density, amount of Pg and Td before and after SRP.

Methods: Fourty subjects fill the informed consent, clinical examination, radiographic examination for bone density, count of Pg and Td using RT-PCR.

Result: Significant differences between radiographic bone density, amount of Pg and Td before and after SRP. Significant association between amount of Pg and Td and bone radiographic density.

Conclusion: Scaling and root planing decrease the amount of Pg and Td and increase radiographic bone density."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit periodontal merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut utama di Indonesia, dengan prevalensi sebesar 74,1% pada tahun 2018. Salah satu penyebab utama dari periodontitis merupakan akumulasi biofilm yang mengalami pematangan menjadi plak di daerah permukaan gigi, khususnya subgingiva yang kaya akan bakteri anaerobik seperti Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola. Maka dari itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan pencegahan dalam menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Hingga saat ini, agen antiplak gold standard di bidang kedokteran gigi ialah Chlorhexidine 0,2%. Namun, penggunaan Chlorhexidine dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan beberapa efek samping. Oleh karena itu, dicarilah alternatif dari Chlorhexidine sebagai agen antibakteri—salah satunya yaitu kulit semangka. Kulit semangka merupakan bagian buah semangka yang tinggi akan zat fitokimia yang memiliki kemampuan antibakteri, seperti saponin, tanin, alkanoid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid, namun khasiatnya belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui dan menganalisa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola, dan membandingkannya dengan kemampuan antibakteri gold standard anti-plaque agent yaitu Chlorhexidine 0,2%. Metode: aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit semangka terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) dan Treponema denticola (ATCC 35405) diamati melalui uji Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dengan mengukur Optical Density dari sampel menggunakan microplate reader dan uji Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) dengan mengukur secara visual koloni bakteri yang terbentuk setelah dipaparkan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 30%, 20%, dan 10%. Selanjutnya hasil dioleh secara statistik. Hasil: Ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh koloni bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola dengan nilai KHM 10% dan KBM 10%. Uji komparatif secara statistik dengan uji One-Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus) dengan Chlorhexidine 0,2%. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan serta membunuh koloni bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif agen antibakteri untuk mencegah penyakit periodontal.

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Background: Periodontal disease is one of the main oral and dental health diseases in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 74,1% in 2018. The etiology of periodontal disease is multifactorial. One of the main causes is the accumulation of dental biofilm which matures, forming plaque on tooth surfaces, particularly the subgingival area that has an abundance of anaerobic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Hence, preventive measures has to be implemented in order to preserve oral and dental health. One way to do so is by regular usage of oral rinses. Chlorhexidine 0,2% is considered to be the gold-standard antiplaque agent in today’s dental field. However, long-term use of Chlorhexidine may lead to several side effects. As a result, researchers have begun looking for alternatives to Chlorhexidine as an antibacterial and antiplaque agent—one of which is watermelon peel. Watermelon peel is rich in phytochemicals which possess antibacterial properties, such as saponin, tannin, alkanoid, flavonoid, and terpenoid; however, its benefits have not been studied much in Indonesia.

Goal: To analyze the antibacterial activity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peel extract in preventing the growth and eliminating bacteria colonies of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola as well as comparing them to the antibacterial activity of Chlorhexidine 0,2% as gold standard.

Method: the antibacterial activity of watermelon peel extract against the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and Treponema denticola (ATCC 35405) is observed through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test by measuring the Optical Density (OD) of the studied samples through a microplate reader, as well as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test by visually counting the number of colonies formed after being exposed to the extracts at 30%, 20%, and 10% concentration. Afterwards, the data collected is statistically.

Results: Watermelon peel extract is capable of inhibiting as well as eliminating bacterial colonies of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola with MIC score of 10% and MBC score of 10%. Statistical comparative test reveals that there’s no significant difference between the antibacterial activity of all sample groups of watermelon peel extract and Chlorhexidine 0,2%.

Conclusion: Watermelon peel extract can inhibit the growth as well as eliminate bacterial colonies of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, which makes it a considerable alternative as antibacterial agent in order to prevent periodontal diseases.

"

"Using clear explanations, a unique three-part organization, full-color illustrations, and interactive exercises, Woelfel's Dental Anatomy, helps dental hygiene students understand the relationship of the teeth to one another and to the bones, muscles, nerves, and vessels associated with the teeth and face. The book's detailed coverage of dental anatomy and terminology prepares students for success on national board exams, while up-to-date information on the application of tooth morphology to dental practice prepares them for success in their future careers. Updated throughout with the latest scientific and technological advances, the Ninth Edition features expanded content, new tooth identification labeling exercises, additional board-style learning exercises, and a substantially updated full color art and design program. New to this edition: revised chapters that reflect the latest scientific and technological advances in Periodontology, Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Forensic Dentistry have been updated by faculty with specialties in each area. New Tooth Identification Labeling Exercises, featuring over 80 step-by-step questions that cover the decisions required to identify a tooth, ask students to identify tooth anatomy (class, facial size, arch, type, mesial, and universal number). Additional board-style Learning Exercises in Chapters 2 -5 address the tooth identification and universal numbering system to better prepare students to pass board exams. New content addresses specific topics now included on national board exams, such as paranasal sinuses and dental anomalies. A substantially updated art and design program introduces "red dot" markers for tooth identification and new color photos that better illustrate specific characteristics or traits of the tooth. New Glossary of Key Terms appears at the back of the book for easy reference. Halmark Features: A unique comparative approach to tooth anatomy in Chapters 1-6 helps students understand the similarities and differences of each class of tooth. Topic Lists open each chapter in an outline format to orient students to the information that follows. Section-opening Learning Objectives allow students to read with a purpose and to assess their mastery of important knowledge and skills. Summary Tables capture complex material in an easy-to-understand format. Research Data sections provide both original and reviewed research findings based on thousands of teeth, casts, and mouths. Review Questions and Answers inserted throughout chapters help students assess their understanding of anatomical terminology and concepts and prepare for certification examinations. Learning Exercises that help students understand and apply topics include interactive activities, such as examining extracted teeth or tooth models or performing specific self- or partner examinations. Advanced Learning Exercises in Chapter 13 ask students to draw and sketch teeth or carve teeth from wax to help them become intimately familiar with tooth shape and terminology. Additional board-style Learning Exercises in Chapters 2 -5 address tooth identification and the universal numbering system to better prepare students for success on board exams. Chapter-ending Critical Thinking Questions give students an opportunity to apply what they've learned to more complex questions/​exercises. A free, printable online dental anatomy study guide helps students master key information and includes traits, charts, and reference information"

"Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut menjadi perhatiandi bidang kesehatan karena 50%-56% kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut terjadi pada anak-anak. Kebiasaan ini dapat berdampak pada dehidrasi pada rongga mulut anak sehingga dapat mengakibatkan munculnya peradangan pada jaringan periodontal dan kecenderungan untuk anak mengalami bau mulut. Kemungkinan penyebab penyakit periodontal terlibat dalam kejadian pernapasan melalui mulut antara lain adalah bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola, namun prevalensi keduanya belum sepenuhnya diketahui bersih. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan prevalensi Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola pada biofilm permukaan lidah dan air liur anak-anak bernafas melalui mulut. Metode: Deteksi dan identifikasi bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Treponema denticola pada 60 subjek (19 subjek bernapas melalui mulut)dan 41 subjek pernapasan normal) menggunakan teknik PCR konvensional. Analisis Statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis dapat dideteksi pada biofilm saliva dan lidah, tetapi tidak Ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam prevalensi kedua bakteri di rongga mulut anak-anakyang bernapas melalui mulut dan normal (p>0,05). Hasil studi menunjukkan ada hubungan positif antara skor organoleptik dan skor OHI-S dengan kejadian bernafas melalui mulut. Kesimpulan: Treponema denticola dan Porphyromonas gingivalis dapat ditemukan pada anak-anak dengan dan tanpa kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut dengan tingkat prevalensi yang sama.

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Background: The habit of breathing through the mouth is a concern

in the health sector because 50%-56% of the habit of breathing through the mouth occurs in children. This habit can have an impact on dehydration in the child's oral cavity so that it can result in the appearance of inflammation in the periodontal tissue and a tendency to swell

child has bad breath. Possible causes of periodontal disease involved in the incidence of mouth breathing include the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, but the prevalence of both is not yet fully known. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in the biofilm of the tongue and saliva surfaces of children breathing through the mouth. Methods: Detection and identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola bacteria in 60 subjects (19 subjects breathed through the mouth) and 41 normal respiratory subjects) using conventional PCR techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in salivary and tongue biofilms, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of the two bacteria in the oral cavity of children. who breathed through the mouth and were normal (p>0.05). The results of the study showed that there was a positive relationship between organoleptic scores and OHI-S scores with the incidence of mouth breathing. Conclusion: Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis can be found in children with and without mouth breathing habits with the same prevalence rate."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Bernapas melalui mulut merupakan suatu kebiasaan buruk yang berdampak terhadap tumbuh kembang dentokraniofasial anak serta menyebabkan masalah lain pada rongga mulut, seperti kebersihan rongga mulut yang buruk dan bau mulut. Bau mulut dihasilkan oleh hasil produk akhir bakteri anaerob proteolitik. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai parameter biologis yang berkaitan dengan kondisi tersebut. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi bakteri Treponema denticola dan Porphyromonas gingivalis pada anak bernapas melalui mulut. Metode: Jumlah seluruh subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 60 subjek dan telah dilakukan uji bernapas melalui mulut (19 subjek bernapas melalui mulut dan 41 subjek bernapas melalui hidung). Setelah itu, subjek diklasifikasikan berdasarkan skor organoleptik dan status kebersihan mulut. Identifikasi bakteri Treponema denticola dan Porphyromonas gingivalis pada plak supragingiva dan mukosa bukal subjek dilakukan menggunakan metode PCR konvensional. Hasil: Korelasi antara skor OHI-S dan organoleptik pada kelompok bernapas melalui mulut merupakan korelasi positif (r=0.001), sedangkan pada kelompok bernapas melalui hidung merupakan korelasi negatif (r= -0.046). Prevalensi bakteri Treponema denticola dan Porphyromonas gingivalis pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut dan hidung tidak berbeda signifikan. Demikian pula nilai signifikansi terhadap prevalensi bakteri berdasarkan parameter klinis yang tidak menunjukkan perbedaan. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, prevalensi Treponema denticola dan Porphyromonas gingivalis tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator biologis pada subjek bernapas melalui mulut.

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Mouth breathing is a bad habit that has several impacts on dentocraniofacial growth and development in children and other problems in the oral cavity condition, such as poor oral hygiene and halitosis. Halitosis caused by an anaerobic proteolytic bacteria product. Therefore, a further study about oral cavity microflora associated these conditions is needed. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in mouth breathing children. Method: A total number of 60 subjects had a mouth breathing test (19 subjects were diagnosed as mouth breathers and 41 subjects were diagnosed as nose breathers). Then, subjects were classified based on organoleptic score and oral hygiene status. Identification of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa subjects were used a conventional PCR method. Result: The correlation between OHI-S and organoleptic score in mouth breathers has a positive correlation (r= 0.001), meanwhile in nose breathers has a negative correlation (r= -0.046). Prevalence of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in mouth and nose breathers have no significant differences. Moreover, significance value of prevalence Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis based on clinical parameters have no differences. Conclusion: The prevalence of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis cannot be used as a biomarker in mouth breathers."

"ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang. P.gingivalis merupakan bakteri periodonsium yang dapat

berpindah ke saluran akar pada lesi endoperio kombinasi murni. Jumlah dan

proporsinya berperan terhadap keparahan penyakit karena sifat virulensinya.

Tujuan: Menganalisis jumlah dan proporsi P.gingivalis saluran akar dan poket

lesi endoperio kombinasi murni, lesi endo primer, dan lesi perio primer. Metode:

16 sampel diambil dari 3 kelompok, kuantifikasi dengan PCR real-time. Hasil:

Jumlah P.gingivalis terbesar pada poket lesi perio primer, proporsi P.gingivalis

terbesar pada saluran akar lesi endo primer. Jumlah dan proporsi P.gingivalis

tidak berbeda bermakna antara saluran akar dan poket lesi endoperio kombinasi

murni. Kesimpulan. Jumlah dan proporsi P.gingivalis sebanding antara saluran akar dan poket lesi endoperio kombinasi murni.

ABSTRACT

Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred to

the root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportion

takes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: to

analyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocket

of true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primary

periodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,

quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity was

found in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportion

was found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significant

differences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets of

true combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion of

P.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.

;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred to

the root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportion

takes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: to

analyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocket

of true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primary

periodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,

quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity was

found in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportion

was found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significant

differences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets of

true combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion of

P.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.

;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred to

the root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportion

takes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: to

analyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocket

of true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primary

periodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,

quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity was

found in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportion

was found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significant

differences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets of

true combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion of

P.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.

;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred to

the root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportion

takes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: to

analyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocket

of true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primary

periodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,

quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity was

found in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportion

was found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significant

differences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets of

true combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion of

P.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.

;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred to

the root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportion

takes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: to

analyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocket

of true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primary

periodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,

quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity was

found in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportion

was found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significant

differences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets of

true combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion of

P.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.

"

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Pada pemakai gigi tiruan cekat dapat ditemukan gingivitis karena adanya peningkatan akumulasi plak yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti kekasaran permukaan, letak margin, dan kontur mahkota. Untuk mencegah akumulasi plak dapat dilakukan kontrol plak. Minyak kelapa murni merupakan bahan herbal yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat kumur yang memiliki sifat antibakteri. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan skor indeks plak pada pemakai GTC sebelum dan sesudah berkumur dengan obat kumur minyak kelapa murni 12,5 . Bahan dan cara: Pengukuran indeks plak pada gigi abutment dengan gigi tiruan cekat pada 40 subjek yang terdiri dari kelompok uji dan kontrol. Subjek berkumur dengan obat kumur minyak kelapa murni 12,5 atau akuades selama 4 hari sebanyak 2 kali sesudah menyikat gigi. Analisis statistik skor indeks antara sebelum dan sesudah berkumur dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Ada perbedaan skor indeks plak yang bermakna pada pemakai GTC antara sebelum dan sesudah berkumur obat kumur minyak kelapa murni 12,5 dengan penurunan skor indeks plak yang berbeda bermakna berdasarkan letak tepi restorasi dan kebiasaan sikat gigi, sedangkan tidak berbeda bermakna berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Kesimpulan: Obat kumur minyak kelapa murni 12,5 dapat menurunkan indeks plak pada pemakai GTC.

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ABSTRACT

Gingivitis could be found among fixed prosthetic denture FPD users due to plaque accumulation which is affected by several factors, such as surface roughness, margin location, and crown contour. To prevent or diminish plaque accumulation, plaque control should be done. Virgin coconut oil is a herbal substance that could be used as an antibacterial mouthwash. This study aims to find out the difference in plaque index score of FPD users before and after using 12,5 virgin coconut oil mouthwash. Plaque index measurement on abutment tooth with FPD was done on 40 subjects from test and control groups. Subjects use 12,5 virgin coconut oil mouthwash or aquades twice a day for 4 days after brushing their teeth. Statistical analysis of the measurement result of plaque index score before and after mouthwashing was done using Wilcoxon test. There is a statistically significant difference in plaque index score of FPD users before and after using 12,5 virgin coconut oil mouthwash with a statistically significant difference in decrease of plaque index score between restoration margin locations and tooth brushing habits, but not between age and gender groups. 12,5 virgin coconut oil mouthwash could decrease the plaque index of FPD users."