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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengangkat tema program kerja di bawah pemerintahan Abe yang terkait dengan ketenagakerjaan di Jepang dan berfokus pada opini publik terhadap agenda reformasi pola kerja work style reform yang tertera dalam Strategi Revitalisasi Jepang dan sudah direvisi di tahun 2014. Reformasi pola kerja ini merupakan salah satu solusi yang diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan isu-isu ketenagakerjaan seperti praktik jam kerja yang panjang long working hours , perbaikan perlakuan yang irasional terhadap pekerja kontrak, dan kesejahteraan buruh. Prinsip lsquo;Upah yang sama atas pekerjaan yang sama rsquo; atau Equal Pay for Equal Wok ini diperkenalkan oleh Perdana Menteri Shinzo Abe dengan tujuan untuk menyetarakan upah antara pekerja tetap dan kontrak yang memiliki keahlian yang sama sehingga perbedaan perlakuan terhadap kedua pekerja ini dapat diminimalisasi.Data didapat dari kuesioner yang diberikan kepada pekerja Jepang baik pekerja tetap maupun kontrak. Dari 11 koresponden yang terdiri dari 9 pekerja tetap dan 2 pekerja kontrak, 7 orang di antaranya mendukung agenda ini baik yang mendukung penuh maupun yang mendukung dengan kondisi tertentu sedangkan 4 orang lainnya menyatakan keberatan. Agenda ini mungkin tepat sebagai solusi bagi pekerja kontrak yang menerima upah rendah, namun di satu sisi hal ini dapat memicu isu baru seperti menurunnya motivasi pekerja tetap karena dengan penyetaraan upah maka status pekerjaan menjadi tidak berarti.

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ABSTRACTThis study explores Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe rsquo s working program about Japanese employment and focuses on public opinion in related to work style reform agenda which included on Japanese Revitalization Strategy and it has been revised in year 2014. Work style reform is one of the solution that might possibly be able to solve certain employment issues such as long working hours, irrational treatment toward non regular workers, and labor welfare. Equal Pay for Equal Work is introduced by Shinzo Abe with the purpose of equalizing wages between regular and non regular workers that have the same extent level of skill thus the disparity of treatment toward both workers can be minimalized.Data is derived from questionnaire which was given to Japanese workers, both regulars and non regulars. From total 11 correspondents, 7 persons claimed that they agree and support this agenda both fully support and support with certain conditions while other 4 persons claimed that they issued an objection. This agenda might be the right solution to help non regular workers with the low wages but in other hand it can also trigger a new issue such as declining motivation of regular workers since equalizing wages can lead working status to be meaningless."

"Makalah ini membahasa bagaimana implementasi Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL) terhadap pekerja wanita di Jepang. Implementasi EEOL di Jepang berbeda dengan negara lain. Jepang dengan pola struktur masyarkat patriaki yang kuat yang lebih mendahulukan kedudukan pria dibandingkan dengan wanita membuat penerapan EEOL ini menemukan beberapa hambatan. Walaupun presentase pekerja wanita dalam angkatan kerja Jepang tidaklah sedikit, masih ditemukan beberapa bentuk diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan terkait penempatan kerja dan promosi jabatan. Hasil analisis dalam makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa EEOL masih belum mampu mengatasi diskriminasi yang dialami oleh para pekerja wanita dikarenakan tidak adanya sanksi tegas bagi pihak-pihak yang melakukan praktek diskriminasi.

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This paper discusses how implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL) against female workers in Japan. Implementation EEOL in Japan is different from other countries. Japan with the strong structure of patriarchal society culture which put the position of men above women making the application of this EEOL find some obstacles. Although the percentage of female workers in the Japanese labor force is quite large in the reality still found some form of discrimination by the company related work placements and promotions against female workers. The results of the analysis in this paper shows that EEOL still not able to overcome the discrimination experienced by women workers due to the lack of strict punishment for those who engage in discriminatory practices."

"Although advocates of equal opportunity in Japan have recently achieved significant policy-making gains, including the strengthening of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law in 1997, progress toward greater workplace gender equality remains hampered by the weakness of ‘strategic partnerships’ among actors such as national bureaucrats and women's rights activists. Using interviews with participants and expert observers, this paper explores Japan's recent equal opportunity initiatives, noting the leading role of national labor bureaucrats in formal policy-making, the lack of support for activists fighting discrimination in the courts, and divisions among union officials.The actors have sometimes used international norms to considerable effect, but public policies often undermine their efforts, notably by encouraging the use of women as low-paid non-regular workers."

"ABSTRAKIn order to comply with education rights as mandated by the 1945 Constitution, a non-formal education has been introduced to Indonesian society. Non-formal education is regulated by Article 26, paragraph 1-7 of Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System. Since this provision is mandated by the Law, it is questioned whether the Government of Batam City has efficiently implemented the educational rights for all. Another question is whether the delivery system of equal education conducted by Community Learning Center and Homeschooling in Batam City which aim to assist the Batam City Government are the solutions in providing education rights for all in Batam City. This research finds that Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education has not been effectively implemented by the Batam City Government, particularly the Education Office under the Batam City Government because non-formal educations as one of the solutions of delivering equal education for all remains to face problems. The problems are students in non-formal education programs are not students at the study age and yet they must follow the same curriculums as students in formal schools. This research also finds that the Education Office under the Batam City Government fails to disseminate the requirements under Law No. 20 of 2003 to Community Learning Center in Batam City. In addition, it also fails to conduct regular monitoring and auditing in relation to learning process performances of Community Learning Center in Batam City."