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ABSTRACTThis book examines the growing interest in following through on international commitments, in particular monitoring implementation and compliance. Written for practitioners and researchers alike, this important book provides the first systematic survey of monitoring within ASEAN."

"Jakarta is, indeed a kampung and at the same time a kota. Jakarta is a complex city or city of contrasts: the traditional and modern, the rich and poor; the sacred and the worldly, often standing side by side in this bustling metropolis. Jakarta is a big city and as well a big kampung. Kampung is the traditional spontaneous, and diverse form of indigenous' urban development in Indonesia which has grown organically and incrementally over many years without planning guidance or regulations, building codes, coordinated service provision. Gotong rayon is one of the ancient traditions, the custom of cooperation, mutual self-help, the sharing of burdens, or solidarity in kampung communities. Gotong royong is a central ideological element of Indonesian nation-building or a concept of human relations.

Gotong royong is the traditional concept of the relationsip among people in kampung; forming its socio-cultural form. At present, however, gotong royong has gradually become less prominent, and even lost from the everyday life of people in kampung. it could be swamped by social conflicts occurring between one kampung and another; or between kampung and quota. This paper explores the significance of gotong royong and how it works in the socio-cultural form of kampung."

"The Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias (MDF) and the Java Reconstruction Fund (JRF) have played significant roles in the remarkable recovery of Aceh, Nias and Java, following some of the worst disasters in Indonesia in recent years. The MDF and the JRF, which is patterned after it, are each considered a highly successful model for post-disaster reconstruction. This paper presents the lessons from the MDF and JRF's use of large-scale, government-implemented community driven development programs to deliver reconstruction at the village level in Aceh, Nias and Java. It documents how local level recovery using a community driven approach can result in not only cost effective physical outputs, but also empowered communities with greater capacities and more prepared to face future disasters. The MDF and JRF experiences have demonstrated many less tangible social benefits. These include faster social recovery from the impact of disasters and increased confidence and capacities of local actors to engage in local level planning. Most importantly, the community driven approach to reconstruction empowers victims of natural disaster to become key agents in their own recovery. "

"Ilmu pengetahuan merupakan sumber penting dalam sesebuah organisasi yang memberi kesan kepada sasaran pencapaian organisasi. Realiti ini menjelaskan kepentingan mengenal pasti aset-aset pengetahuan dan menangani jurang pengetahuan bagi menjamin aktiviti perkongsian pengetahuan adalah konsisten dan berterusan dalam sesebuah organisasi. Pejabat lanjutan merupakan organisasi perkongsian pengetahuan yang unik di mana melibatkan aktiviti perkongsian ilmu antara institusi dan komuniti demi mencapai visi dan misi institusi penggajian tinggi yang terlibat. Aktiviti perkongsian pengetahuan oleh Pusat Pembangunan Komuniti Lasallian (LCDC) yang dinaungi oleh Universiti De La Salle-Dasmarinas (DLSU-D) telah dianalisis. Hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan telah mengenal pasti jurang-jurang yang memberi cabaran dalam mencapai usaha-usaha pembangunan komuniti. Kajian ini memfokuskan dua sekitaran penyelidikan iaitu DLSU-D dan anggota-anggota organisasi bukan kerajaan (NGO) serta melibatkan dua set peserta iaitu warga fakulti LCDC dan anggota-anggota NGO dari tahun akademik 1997-1998 dan 2009-1010. Data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam mengenal pasti jurang-jurang diperoleh melalui audit pengetahuan yang menggunakan kaedah soal selidik, perbincangan kumpulan fokus, temu bual informan penting dan analisis dokumen. Hasil kajian juga telah mewujudkan satu kerangka yang dapat membantu institusi pengajian tinggi lain dalam menganalisis amalan penciiptaan dan perkongsian pengetahuan."

"The Rakhine (Arakanese) from present-day Rakhine State (Arakan) in Western Myanmar and the Marma from the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Southeast Bangladesh originated from the same region, share the same culture and practice the same religion. However, the people from CHT have developed a distinctive identity and are individualized by a different name “Marma”. This development raises a number of historical questions. This paper explores how theArakanese descendants became “Marma” in Bangladesh."

"ABSTRACTIn order to set up a more effective mechanism for revitalizing the Hakka language, the Legislative Yuan passed the amendment of Hakka Basic Act on December 29th, 2017. The revised version of Act institutes Hakka language as the local and teaching language in those "major Hakka cultural areas" (Hakka villages). After examine the revision process of Hakka Basic Act, this paper finds that the revised Act follows the "Local Government Act" and established "Hakka cultural regional cooperation organizations" instead of adopting the idea of "Hakka cultural self-ruling body" advocated by Hakka Affairs Council. This result from both of Ministry of Interior and Hakka Affairs Council tend to build the cultural self-ruling mechanism under the framework of administrative regions, which is according to the article 24-1 of "Local Government Act". For providing references to domestic policy analysis, this paper, which employs the institution of Belgium as a case study, explores the autonomous area of language family and regional self-ruling body in Belgium by the approach of public policy theory and literature review. Moreover, this paper tried to propose a designation of "Hakka language community", which is based on the experience of ethnic self-ruling body in Belgium."