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"Background The prevalence of allergic disease to be increasing across the world. More than 20 of the population worldwide suffer from diseases which mediated by immunoglobulin E, such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema. There is no data about allergen sensitization of allergic disease in Manado.Objective The purpose of this study is to know the allergen sensitization in children with allergic diseases atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma . Children were divided into group less than and more than or equal to 3 years old, which was evidenced by skin prick test or IgE Atopy test in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Methods This study was a descriptive cross sectional study, conducted from June until August 2016.Results A total of 95 children were included in the study, of which 77 children were ge 3 years old and 18 children were 3 years old. Seventy five children underwent skin prick test and 20 children underwent IgEAtopy test. In 3 years old children, there were 14 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 4 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and asthma. In ge 3 years old children, the most common diagnosis was allergic rhinitis, as many as 21 children. Allergen sensitization found in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis asthma was cow rsquo s milk, house dust mites and egg white. Sensitization to house dust mites most commonly found in patients with atopic dermatitis. The most common allergen sensitization in ge 3 years old children was house dust mites, egg white, potatoes, dog fur, cow 39 s milk, wheat flour and soya formula.Conclusion The most common allergen sensitization in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis is cow 39 s milk, while in children with asthma and atopic dermatitis is house dust mites, whereas in ge 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, or combination of the disease is house dust mites."

"Latar belakang: Penyakit alergi didasari reaksi hipersensitivitas yang diinisiasi mekanisme imunologi spesifik diperantarai oleh IgE. Warga kota Denpasar memiliki karakteristik spesifik, yaitu tingkat memelihara hewan berbulu anjing dan konsumsi daging babi yang tinggi. Data sensitisasi alergen pada anak di kota Denpasar belum ada. Penelitian sensitisasi alergen dapat memberikan gambaran sensitisasi spesifik untuk anak di kota Denpasar sehingga upaya pencegahan penyakit alergi dapat dilakukan dengan lebih efektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui sensitisasi alergen pada anak dengan penyakit alergi dermatitis atopi, asma, rinitis alergi yang dibuktikan melalui uji tusuk kulit di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang di Poliklinik Rawat Jalan Alergi Imunologi Bagian/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar, periode Januari 2017-Maret 2017. Anak usia 3-18 tahun dengan dermatitis atopi, asma, rinitis alergi dan orang tua setuju mengikuti penelitian akan diinklusi. Sensitisasi alergen dibuktikan melalui uji tusuk kulit terhadap alergen spesifik inhalan dan/atau ingestan, hasil positif bila diameter urtika 3 mm. Data dinyatakan sebagai proporsi, dilakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan jenis penyakit alergi dan umur. Hasil: Proporsi anak dengan penyakit alergi, yaitu dermatitis atopi 30,5, asma 57,9, dan rinitis alergi 56,8. Proporsi berdasarkan multimorbiditas penyakit adalah dermatitis atopi dengan asma 8,5, dermatitis atopi dengan rinitis alergi 4,2, asma dengan rinitis alergi 24,2, dermatitis atopi dengan asma dan rinitis alergi 4,2, dermatitis atopi 13,7, asma 21, rinitis alergi 24,2. Sensitisasi pada kelompok dermatitis atopi usia 3-6 tahun tersering terhadap alergen ingestan, usia sekolah baik pada dermatitis atopi, asma, maupun rinitis alergi sensitisasi terutama terhadap alergen inhalan D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, kecoa. Simpulan: Proporsi penyakit alergi tertinggi pada anak di kota Denpasar adalah asma dengan rinitis alergi. Sensitisasi terutama terhadap alergen inhalan pada anak usia sekolah.

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Background: Allergic disease in children is based on hypersensitivity reactions initiated by specific immunologic mechanism mediated by IgE. Residents of Denpasar city have their own characteristics in terms of the level of having furry animals dogs and the level of consumption of pork is high. While allergen sensitization data for the children of Denpasar is still not available. Allergen sensitization research in Denpasar will give a picture of the sensitization type specifically for children in Denpasar in order for having more effective prevention programs.

Objectives: To study the sensitization of allergens in children with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis that proven through skin prick test at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done in the Outpatient Immunology Allergy Polyclinic, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar in the period of January to March 2017. Children 3 18 years who are diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, and the parents signed a letter of approval, will be included. Allergen sensitization proven by skin prick test against specific allergens inhalants and or ingestants, and it classified positive results when indicating wheal diameter ge 3 mm. The data is calculated as a proportion number and is grouped based on the type of allergy and age.

Results: The proportion of children with allergy was atopic dermatitis 30.5, asthma 57.9, and allergic rhinitis 56.8. While the proportion based on the multimorbidity of the disease is atopic dermatitis with asthma 8.5, atopy dermatitis with allergic rhinitis 4.2, asthma with allergic rhinitis 24.2, atopy dermatitis with asthma and allergic rhinitis 4.2, atopic dermatitis 13, 7, asthma 21, and allergic rhinitis 24.2. Sensitization in the atopy dermatitis at age 3 6 years group frequently to ingestant allergen, but at school age in both atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis sensitization especially to inhalants allergen D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and cockroaches.

Conclusions: Children in Denpasar showed the highest proportion of allergies for asthma and allergic rhinitis, with the majority of allergen are inhaled at school age."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Rinitis alergi RA merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi tinggi pada anak. Akhir-akhir ini, kekurangan vitamin D pada anak dipercaya berhubungan dengan disregulasi sistem imun, yang berujung pada makin beratnya RA. Analisis hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dan keparahan RA diperlukan untuk mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Tujuan: 1 Mengetahui rerata kadar vitamin D pada anak dengan rinitis alergi; 2 Membandingkan rerata kadar vitamin D pada anak dengan rinitis alergi dan anak pada populasi normal; 3 Mengetahui rerata kadar 25 OH D serum sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan rinitis alergiMetode: Penelitian potong lintang pada 60 anak usia 6-18 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan berkunjung ke RSCM dan RSI Pondok Kopi. Seluruh subyek dibagi menjadi kelompok rinitis alergi n=30 dan kontrol n=30 . Kemudian, dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar 25 OH D serum dengan cara CLIA chemiluminescence immunoassay . Kadar 25 OH D serum normal, insufisiensi, dan defisiensi lalu dihubungkan dengan RA berdasarkan lama gejala yaitu intermiten dan persisten. Hasil: Rerata kadar vitamin D pada anak dengan rinitis alergi didapatkan 17,75 SB 5,60 ng/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata kadar vitamin D di kelompok RA 17,75 5,60 ng/mL dengan kelompok kontrol 19,22 6,11 ng/mL , p=0,336. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara rerata kadar vitamin D pada rinitis intermiten 22,82 4,59 ng/mL dengan rinitis persisten 15,22 4,19 ng/mL , p

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ABSTRACT

Background. Allergic rhinitis AR was a global health problem with high prevalence in children. Recently, vitamin D deficiency in children was found to have a correlation with immune system dysregulation, which leads to more severe symptoms of AR. Association between vitamin D serum level and AR incidence is needed to prevent further complications.Aim. 1 to recognize mean vitamin D serum level in children with AR 2 to compare mean vitamin D serum level in children with AR and normal children population 3 to find out mean vitamin D serum level according to severity level of AR.Methods. A cross sectional study was performed in 60 children aged 6 18 years old, who meet the inclusion criteria and visit CM hospital and Islamic Pondok Kopi hospital. All subjects were divided into 2 groups AR group n 30 and control group n 30 . Blood were taken for 25 OH D serum level examination with CLIA method. Association between 25 OH D serum level normal, insufficiency, deficiency and severity level of AR intermittent and persistent was then being analyzed.Results. Mean vitamin D serum level in children with AR was 17,75 SD 5,60 ng mL. There was no significant difference between mean vitamin D serum level in AR group 17,75 5,60 ng mL and control group 19,22 6,11 ng mL , p 0,336. Association was found between mean vitamin D serum level in intermittent rhinitis 22,82 4,59 ng mL and persistent rhinitis 15,22 4,19 ng mL , p"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Atopi yang ditandai dengan sensitisasi (produksi IgE) terhadap alergen merupakan faktor risiko untuk terjadinya penyakit alergi. Karena komposisi genetik cenderung stabil, peningkatan prevalensi penyakit alergi diduga disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan yang berubah.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi sensitisasi terhadap alergen hirup dan munculnya manifestasi penyakit alergi pada populasi dewasa muda di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun 2019. Mahasiswa diminta mengisi kuesioner berisi data demografi, kuesioner International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), menjalani pemeriksaan fisik dan uji cukil kulit terhadap lima alergen hirup (kecoa, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, bulu kucing, epitel anjing). Sensitisasi ditandai dengan terdapat setidaknya satu hasil positif pada uji cukil kulit. Jika terdapat hasil positif pada dua atau lebih alergen, subyek disebut mengalami polisensitisasi. Manifestasi alergi yang dinilai berupa asma, rinitis alergi, dan dermatitis atopi.Hasil: Proporsi sensitisasi adalah 44,8% (128 dari 286 subyek), sedangkan proporsi manifestasi penyakit alergi adalah 57,7% (165 dari 258 subyek). Manifestasi penyakit alergi didapatkan pada 84 (65,6%) subyek dari subkelompok yang tersensitisasi. Sensitisasi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (OR 2,25; IK95% 1,38-3,71; p=0,001) dan subyek yang lahir secara caesar (OR 2,46; IK95% 1,22-5,06; p=0,013), sebaliknya lebih sedikit pada subyek yang berasal dari urban (OR 0,54; IK95% 0,32-0,90; p=0,019). Subyek yang tersensitisasi cenderung untuk memiliki manifestasi penyakit alergi (OR 1,79; IK95% 1,10-2,95; p=0,020). Pada subkelompok yang tersensitisasi, manifestasi penyakit alergi ditemukan lebih banyak pada subyek yang tinggal di urban (OR 2,58; IK95% 1,15-6,01; p=0,024), obese (OR 5,25; IK95% 1,35-34,92; p=0,036), dan mengalami polisensitisasi (OR 2,26; IK95% 1,01-5,10; p=0,046).Simpulan: Sensitisasi terhadap alergen hirup dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin lakilaki, status urban, dan riwayat persalinan caesar. Munculnya manifestasi penyakit alergi dipengaruhi oleh adanya sensitisasi. Pada subkelompok yang tersensitisasi, munculnya manifestasi penyakit alergi dipengaruhi oleh status urban, obesitas, dan polisensitisasi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Atopy marked by allergen sensitization (IgE production) is a risk factor for allergic diseases. Since genetic composition tends to be stable, the increase of allergic diseases prevalence is suspected due to changing environment factors.Purpose: To identify the factors affecting sensitization to inhalant allergen and allergic diseases manifestation in Indonesian young adults.Methods: Cross-sectional study done on Universitas Indonesia 2019 new students. Students were asked to fill in a demographic questionnaire, an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, undergo physical examination and skin prick tests for five inhalant allergens (cockroach, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat hair, dog epithelium). Sensitization was marked by at least one positive result on the skin prick test. If there were two or more positive allergen results, subject was deemed as being polysensitized. Evaluated allergic manifestations were asthma, allergic rhinitis, dan atopic dermatitis.Result: Sensitization was found in 44.8% (128 out of 286 subjects), while allergic diseases clinical manifestation was found in 57.7% (165 out of 258 subjects). The manifestation was found in 84 (65.6%) subjects from the sensitized subgroup. Sensitization was found more on male (OR 2.25; 95%CI 1.38-3.71; p=0.001) and subjects born by caesarean section (OR 2.46; 95%CI 1.22-5.06; p=0.013), whereas fewer on subjects from urban (OR 0.54; 95%CI 0.32-0.90; p=0.019). Sensitized subjects tended to demonstrate allergic diseases manifestation (OR 1.79; 95%CI 1.10-2.95; p=0.020). In the sensitized subgroup, allergic diseases manifestation was found more on subjects living in urban (OR 2.58; 95%CI 1.15-6.01; p=0.024), are obese (OR 5.25; 95%CI 1.35-34.92; p=0.036), and are polysensitized (OR 2.26;95%CI 1.01-5.10; p=0.046).Conclusion: Sensitization to inhalant allergens was affected by male sex, urbanstatus, and caesarean section birth. Allergic diseases manifestation was affected by presence of sensitization. In the sensitized subgroup, allergic diseases manifestation was affected by urban status, obesity, and polysensitization."

"ABSTRAKDiarrhea is one of the most common gastro intestinal problem in Indonesia. One of the causes of diarrhea in children might be adverse reactions to food. Cow rsquo s milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy as a result of an abnormal immunologic reaction to cow rsquo s milk protein. The gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea occur in 50 60 children with cow rsquo s milk allergy. The aim of this research is to identify the prevalence of cow rsquo s milk allergy in pediatric patients who suffer from diarrhea and its association to nutritional status and age of patients who were treated in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from the year 2012 to 2016. The research design used for this study is a case control study using a secondary data. The data was obtained from stool analysis profile and medical record from pediatric patients in Gastrohepatology Division, Department of Pediatric Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There were 13 patients suffer from cow rsquo s milk allergy and 78 patients without allergy compared in this study. The prevalence of cow rsquo s milk allergy and malnutrition in pediatric patients with diarrhea were 14.3 and 38.4 . There is no association between cow rsquo s milk allergy and weight for age, height length for age, and weight for length height p 0.05 . In conclusion, cow rsquo s milk allergy is not associated with malnutrition in pediatric patients under three years old who suffered from diarrhea.

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ABSTRACTDiare adalah salah satu masalah gastro usus yang paling umum di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab diare pada anak-anak mungkin reaksi negatif terhadap makanan. Alergi susu sapi adalah alergi makanan yang paling umum sebagai akibat dari reaksi imunologi abnormal terhadap protein susu sapi rsquo. Gejala gastrointestinal, termasuk diare terjadi pada 50 60 anak-anak dengan alergi susu sapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi alergi susu sapi pada pasien anak yang menderita diare dan hubungannya dengan status gizi dan usia pasien yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari tahun 2012 hingga 2016. Desain penelitian digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol menggunakan data sekunder. Data diperoleh dari profil analisis tinja dan rekam medis dari pasien anak di Divisi Gastrohepatologi, Departemen Kesehatan Anak, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Ada 13 pasien menderita alergi susu sapi dan 78 pasien tanpa alergi dibandingkan dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi alergi susu sapi dan gizi buruk pada pasien anak dengan diare adalah 14,3 dan 38,4. Tidak ada hubungan antara alergi susu sapi dengan berat badan untuk usia, tinggi badan untuk usia, dan berat badan untuk tinggi badan p 0,05. Kesimpulannya, alergi susu sapi tidak dikaitkan dengan kekurangan gizi pada pasien anak di bawah tiga tahun yang menderita diare."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Rinitis Alergi adalah penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh reaksi alergi pada pasien atopi. Tungau debu rumah TDR merupakan aeroalergen tersering yang mensensitisasi reaksi alergi. Pada tahun 1988 reseptor vitamin D VDR , berhasil di klon. Reseptor vitamin D berlokasi di beberapa jaringan dan sel tubuh manusia, termasuk di peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs dan limfosit T yang telah teraktivasi. Riset yang lebih jauh memperlihatkan bahwa vitamin D mempunyai beberapa efek dari pengaturan sitokin terhadap beberapa sel yang berbeda dari sistem imun. Vitamin D dapat menekan respon Th1 dan Th2. Sel Th1 dan Th2 menghambat perkembangan satu sama lain.Tujuan. Melihat pengaruh pemberian Vitamin D terhadap kadar IL-10, IFN-? dan histamin pada kultur PBMC pasien rinitis alergiMetode. Sampel merupakan darah segar whole blood penderita rinitis alergi yang telah dilekukan prick test, serta diiisolasi dengan metode Ficoll. Bahan biologis tersimpan yang berupa supernatan kultur. Kultur sel limfosit sebelum perlakuan, diberi pendedahan tanpa atau dengan 1,25 OH 2D3 100 nM, waktu inkubasi 7 hari, dengan penambahan PHA dan alergen tungau pada hari ke-4. Kultur sel-sel PBMC dari pasien RA setelah perlakuan, dilakukan harvest pada hari ke-7, kemudian supernatanannya dialikuot untuk diukur kadar sitokin IFN-? dan IL-10, dan diuji secara statistik untuk melihat pola dari tiap parameter.Hasil: Pemberian alergen tungau tanpa vitamin D menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar histamin serta menurunkan kadar IL-10 dan IFN-?. Pemberian vitamin D pada kultur sel PBMC yang telah diberi alergen tungau menyebabkan peningkatan kadar IL-10 dan penurunan kadar IFN-? dan histamin.Simpulan: Menurunnya kadar histamin dan IFN-? terhadap stimulasi alergen tungau pasien rinitis alergi yang diberi vitamin D cenderung berhubungan dengan meningkatnya kiadar IL-10.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease caused by an allergic reaction in atopic patients. House dust mites TDR are the most common aeroalergens that sensitize allergic reactions. In 1988 vitamin D receptor VDR , successfully in clones. Vitamin D receptors are located in several tissues and human body cells, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs and activated T lymphocytes. Further research has shown that vitamin D has some effects of cytokine regulation on several cells different from the immune system. Vitamin D can suppress Th1 and Th2 responses. Th1 and Th2 cells inhibit the development of each other. Aim.To identify the Effect of Vitamin D On IL 10 IFN and histamine levels on PBMC Cultur of Allergic Rhinitis PatientsMethod. The sample is fresh blood whole blood of allergic rhinitis patients who have been prick tested, and isolated by Ficoll method. Pre treated lymphocyte culture, treated with or without 1,25 OH 2D3 100 nM, and incubated for 7 days, with addition of PHA and allergen mites on day 4. Cultures of PBMC cells from RA patients after treatment were harvested on day 7, then the supernatant was dialyzed for measured levels of IFN and IL 10 cytokines using elisa kits and tested statistically to see patterns of each parameter.Result. Giving allergen mites without vitamin D causes increased levels of histamine and lowers levels of IL 10 and IFN . Provision of vitamin D in PBMC cell culture that has been given allergen mites causes increased levels of IL 10 and decreased levels of IFN and histamine.Conclusion. Reduced levels of histamine and IFN against allergen mite stimulation of allergic rhinitis patients given vitamin D tend to be associated with increased IL 10 levels."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum baru diperkenalkan di Indonesia, tetapi belum ada data uji diagnostik mengenai akurasinya dalam mendeteksi alergen tungau debu rumah dan kecoa pada pasien asma dan atau rinitis alergi. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan akurasi diagnosis pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Der p , Dermatophagoides farinae Der f , Blomia tropicalis Blo t dan Blatella germanica Bla g pada pasien asma dan atau rinitis alergi.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang pada pasien alergi pernapasan dan merupakan bagian dari studi epidemiologi mengenai sensitisasi IgE spesifik di Divisi Alergi-Immunologi, RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, antara September dan Desember 2016. Pengukuran sensitisasi IgE spesifik dilakukan dengan metode imunoblot Euroline , Euroimmun AG, Germany . Alergen yang diuji adalah Der p, Der f, Blo t, dan Bla g. Hasilnya dibandingkan dengan baku emas uji tusuk kulit. Uji diagnostik yang dilakukan meliputi sensitivitas, spesifisitas, positive predicitive value PPV , negative predictive value NPV , likelihood ratio positif dan negatif LR and LR- .Hasil: Serbanyak 101 pasien dilibatkan dalam studi, 77 76,2 di antaranya adalah perempuan. Rerata usia pasien adalah 38,8 tahun. Berdasarkan uji tusuk kulit, sensitisasi tertinggi yang didapatkan adalah terhadap Blo t 76,2 , disusul oleh Der p 70,3 , Der f 69,3 , dan Bla g 41,6 . Sensitisasi IgE-spesifik tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh Der f 52,9 , diikuti oleh Der p 38,2 , Blo t 33,3 dan Bla g 10,8 . Alergen Der p memiliki 50,7 sentivitas, 90 spesifisitas, 92,3 PPV, 43,5 NPV, 5,1 LR dan 0,1 LR-. Der f memperlihatkan 71,4 sensitivitas, 87,1 spesifisitas, 82,6 PPV, 57,4 NPV, 5,5 LR dan 0,3 LR-. Alergen Blo t menunjukkan 41,6 sensitivitas, 91,7 spesifisitas, 94,1 PPV, 32,8 NPV, 5,0 LR , dan 0,6 LR-. Alergen Bla g menghasilkan 23,8 sensitivitas, 98,3 spesifisitas, 90,9 PPV, 64,4 NPV, 14,5 LR dan 0,8 LR-.Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan IgE spesifik serum dalam mendiagnosis sensitisasi alergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, dan Blatella germanica pada pasien asma dan atau rinitis alergi memperlihatkan sensitivitas rendah sampai sedang, tetapi spesifisitas dan PPV yang tinggi.

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ABSTRACTBackground Serum specific IgE testing has recently been introduced in Indonesia, but diagnostic test has not been performed to know its performance to detect house dust mite and cockroach allergens in patients with allergic asthma and or rhinitis.Objective The objective of this study was to obtain diagnostic accuracy of serum specific IgE testing in diagnosing allergen sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, and Blatella germanica allergens in patients with allergic asthma and or rhinitis.Method This was a cross sectional study among patients with respiratory allergy and was part of a larger epidemiology study on specific IgE sensitization in the Division of Allergy Immunology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta between September and December 2016. Specific IgE sensitization was measured using immunoblot method Euroline , EuroImmun AG, Germany . Allergens tested were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Der p , Dermatophagoides farinae Der f , Blomia tropicalis Blo t , and Blatella germanica Bla g . The results was compared to the standard skin prick test . Diagnostic test were performed and include sensitivity, specificity, positive predicitive value PPV , negative predictive value NPV , positive and negative likelihood ratio LR and LR .Results A total of 101 patients were enrolled 77 76.2 were women. Patients mean age was 38.8 years old. Based on SPT, sensitization was highest for Blo t 76.2 , followed by Der p 70.3 , Der f 69.3 , and Bla g 41.6 . Specific IgE sensitization was highest for Der f 52.9 , followed by Der p 38.2 , Blo t 33.3 and Bla g 10.8 . Der p allergen had 50.7 sentivity, 90 specificity, 92.3 PPV, 43.5 NPV, 5.1 LR and 0.1LR . Der f showed 71.4 sensitivity, 87.1 specificity, 82.6 PPV, 57.4 NPV, 5.5 LR and 0.3 LR . Blo t allergen had 41.6 sensitivity, 91.7 specificity, 94.1 PPV, 32.8 NPV, 5.0 LR , and 0.6 LR . Bla g allergen had 23.8 sensitivity, 98.3 specificity, 90.9 PPV, 64.4 NPV, 14.5 LR and 0.8 LR .Conclusion Serum specific IgE testing to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, and Blatella germanica allergens in patients with allergic asthma and or rhinitis showed only low to moderate sensitivity, but high specificity and PPV."

"Pendahuluan: Alergi merupakan suatu kondisi yang sangat sering ditemukan pada anak-anak dan dapat mempengaruhi kondisi fisik serta sosial dari mereka yang terkena. Ada banyak faktor yang diduga dapat memengaruhi reaksi alergi pada anak-anak seperti, status merokok orang tua, konsumsi air susu ibu, metode melahirkan, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara berbagai faktor dari alergi dengan kejadian reaksi alergi pada anak dibawah lima tahun di Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan subjek terdiri atas ayah dan atau ibu beserta dengan anaknya. Sebanyak 120 subjek ikut dalam penelitian ini. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan secara acak di berbagai puskesmas di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang dibuat berdasarkan UK’s diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis dan pedoman dari Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington untuk menilai reaksi alergi pada anak. Pengisian kuesioner dilakukan oleh ibu atau ayah. Analisa data akan dilakukan dengan uji deskriptif chi-square dan regresi logistik multivariat menggunakan IBM SPSS versi 24.Hasil: Hubungan yang signifikan terhadap alergi menurut uji chi-square ditemukan pada beberapa faktor seperti, konsumsi ASI dan status merokok ayah (p < 0,05). Hasil dari uji regresi logistik multivariat menunjukan bahwa faktor yang paling berperan dalam mengakibatkan reaksi alergi adalah durasi dari konsumsi ASI dan metode melahirkan (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang berperan mengakibatkan reaksi alergi pada anak di bawah lima tahun adalah durasi konsumsi ASI, metode kelahiran, status merokok ayah dan konsumsi ASI. Faktor yang paling berperan mengakibatkan reaksi alergi pada anak di bawah lima tahun adalah durasi konsumsi ASI dan metode kelahiran.

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Introduction: Allergy is a condition that is very often found in children and could affect their physical and social condition. There are a lot of factors suspected to affect allergic reactions in children such as, parental smoking status, breastmilk consumption, mode of delivery, and etc. This research aims to see the association between several factors of allergy and the occurrence of allergic reaction in children-under five years old in Jakarta.

Methods: This research used cross-sectional design with the subject consist of father and or mother as well as their children. A group of 120 subjects participated in this research. The selection of the research subjects was done randomly in several health centers in Jakarta. This research used questionnaire that is structured based on UK’s diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis and principles from Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington to assess allergic reactions in children. The filling of the questionnaire was done by father or mother. The data analysis was done using descriptive analysis chi-square and multivariate logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 24.

Results: Significance association towards allergy based on chi-square test was found in several factors such as, breastmilk consumption and father smoking status (p<0,05). The result of multivariate logistic regression test shows that the factor that affect the most in causing allergic reactions are duration of breastmilk consumption and mode of delivery.

Conclusion: The main factors that causes allergic reactions in children under-five years old from this research are duration of breastfeeding and mode of delivery. However, other than duration of breastfeeding and mode of delivery, father’s smoking status and breastfeeding were also found as risk factors of allergic reactions."

"ABSTRAKLupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES) merupakan penyakit autoimun yangmengakibatkan peradangan di banyak organ. Prevalensi LES terus meningkat danangka mortalitasnya pun tinggi. Etiologi LES sampai saat ini belum diketahuisecara pasti. Namun, beberapa faktor risiko yang diduga dapat mempengaruhikejadian LES. Salah satunya adalah riwayat alergi obat, terutama antibiotik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat alergi antibiotikdengan kejadian LES setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat berupa riwayatkeluarga menderita LES, riwayat menderita penyakit autoimun lain, usiamenarche, dan perilaku merokok di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Kota Bandung.Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan April-Juli 2014 dengan menggunakan desain kasuskontrol. Kasus adalah pasien LES wanita yang berobat ke Poli Rematologi RSUPDr. Hasan Sadikin Kota Bandung. Kontrol merupakan pasien wanita yang berobatke Poli Penyakit Dalam dengan dilakukan individual matching dengan kasus padausia (rentang 3 tahun), dan asal daerah. Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariat,bivariat, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik conditional. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa riwayat alergi antibiotik cenderung meningkatkan risikokejadian LES sebesar 2,34 kali (OR=2,34, 95% CI 0,66-8,22) setelah dikontrololeh riwayat keluarga LES, riwayat autoimun, dan perilaku merokok. Untuk kelasantibiotik penisilin/sefalosporin, risiko meningkat menjadi 2,75 kali (OR=2,75,95% CI 0,65-11,59).

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ABSTRACTSystemic Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE ) is an autoimmune disease that results ininflammation in many organs. The prevalenceof SLE is increasing and themortality rate was high. Etiology of SLE has not known. However , several riskfactors could be expected to affect the incidence of SLE . One of them is a historyof drug allergies, especially antibiotics. This study aimed to determine therelationship between antibiotic allergy history and SLE after controlled by familyhistory,other autoimmune disease, age of menarche, and smoking behavior in Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. This study was conducted from April to July2014 using case-control design. Cases were women SLE patients who went toRheumatology Department Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Control were afemale patient who went to Internist Department with individually matched at theage ( 3 years range ), and region. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate ,and multivariate conditional logistic regression. The results showed that a historyof antibiotic allergy tends to increase the incidence of SLE for 2.34 times ( OR =2.34 , 95 % CI 0.66 to 8.22 ) after controlled by SLE family history, history ofautoimmune, and smoking behavior. For the class of penicillin/cephalosporin, therisk increased to 2.75 times ( OR = 2.75 , 95 % CI 0.65 to 11.59) ."