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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini tentang gerakan politik masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan daerah baru di Indonesia. Peran elit dalam pemekaran menentukan, sebaliknya gerakan massa dari bawah dianggap sebatas massa dalam pembentukan daerah. Kenyataannya pada setiap proses pembentukan daerah di Indonesia, masyarakat berpartisipasi untuk pembiayaan maupun aksi gerakan.Pembentukan Kabupaten ParigiMoutong menarik terkait mengapa kelompok-kelompok gerakan pemekaran muncul dan bagaimana strategi kelompok-kelompok tersebut, serta bagaimana bentuk persaingan dan konsensusnya.Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori struktur kesempatan politik dari Dough McAdam, Jhon McCharty dan Mayerd N.Zald.Teori inimenekankan bahwa gerakan sosial dimungkinkanjika terdapat kesempatan politik, mobilisasi, dan proses pembingkaian. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kualitatif dengan kasus gerakan politik pada proses pembentukan Kabupaten Parigi Moutong Tahun 1999-2002. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui tahapan:, studi data sekunder, pra wawancara, wawancara mendalam, segmentasi makna data dan analisis data.Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kelompok gerakan pemekaran menentukan pembentukan Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Keberhasilan gerakan kelompok dengan aksi beragam dengan memanfaatkan kesempatan reformasi, perubahan aturan, bangkitnya gerakan mahasiswa serta lahirnya kompetisi kepartaian. Gerakan dengan menggunakan instrumen budaya tersebut dapat mendorong mobilisasi sumber daya kelembagaan formal dan nonformal dalam mendukung pembentukan daerah melalui inisiatif DPR-RI. Melalui proses pembingkaian issu dengan media alternatif, serta pemanfaatan instrumen kearifan lokal melalui silaturrahmi dan musyawarah serta penggunaan bantaya ruang pertemuan adat ,melahirkan motivasi, ikatan dan konsensus kuat dalam gerakan ini. Temuan tersebut mengkonfirmasi teori struktur kesempatan politik dan menambahkan elemen baruuntuk faktor proses pembingkaian pada elemen budaya yang spesifik dalam konteks gerakan politik di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong.a

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ABSTRACTThis research expounds the position of the public rsquo s political movement during the formation process of a new district in Indonesia. Because the realization of forming a new district is determined by the elites, the birth of a new district is often equated with elite domination. While the mass movement is not visible and is seen as unrelated to the formation process, the mass movement can become potential funders and can become an asset in the formation process itself.The formation process brings into light the questions on the emergence of various expansion group movements and their strategies, as well as the disputes and consensus caused by these movements.The main theoryused in this dissertation is the theory of political opportunity structure by Dough McAdam, Jhon McCharty and Mayerd N. Zald. This theory accentuates that social movements may emerge if a political opportunity, a resource mobilization structure, and a framing process is present. The qualitative method with a case study on the Parigi Moutong District in order to understand the political movement in the formation process of the Parigi Moutong District in 1999 2002. The data are collected through secondary data study, pre interviews, in depth interviews, data segmentation, and data analysis.This research shows that political movements are vital to the formation process of the Parigi Moutong District. The political process such as the development of opinions, the mass action in Parigi Moutong, the urgent action the Donggala District and Province, the lobbying and negotiation with the central government, to the utilization of the initiative mechanism of DPR RI is executed by the expansion group movement until the parliamentary session and the definitive formation of the ParigiMoutong District.Confirming the theory of political opportunity structure, the political movement groups rsquo influence are made possible by the presence of a political opportunity. This opportunity enables the mobilization structure of resources and the framing process with the alternative media, as well as optimization with local wisdom. The discussions in the bantaya traditional meeting room , and an act of hospitality as the instrument of local culture has given birth to a political bond and consensus in the district expansion movement. This finding is a new element that complements the theory of political opportunity structure for cultural framing in the local context of Parigi Moutong District rsquo s formation process."

"Tesis ini membahas permasalahan-permasalahan dalam penyelenggaraan ketenteraman, ketertiban umum, dan pelindungan masyarakat yang mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. Partisipasi masyarakat yang diharapkan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif dalam penyelenggaraannya, pada kenyataannya tidak dapat diimplementasikan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan partisipasi masyarakat tidak dapat diimplementasikan secara optimal. Kemudian penelitian ini juga menawarkan solusinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menekankan pada strategi pembangunan sistem penyelenggaraan ketenteraman, ketertiban umum, dan pelindungan masyarakat yang partisipatif. Optimalisasi partisipasi masyarakat sebagaimana dimaksud, dapat dimulai dengan membangun sistem yang berorientasi pada perwujudan good governance.

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This thesis discusses problems in the administration of peace, public order and community protection that affect the quality of services provided to the community. Community participation, which is expected to have a positive effect in its implementation, in fact cannot be implemented optimally. This study aims to determine what factors cause community participation cannot be implemented optimally. Then this research also offers a solution. This research is a normative juridical study using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of this study emphasize a participatory strategy for the development of a system for implementing peace, public order and community protection. Optimizing community participation as intended, can be started by building a system oriented towards the realization of good governance.

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"ABSTRAKAgenda desentralisasi di Indonesia mengalami kemajuan yang cukup pesat pasca Reformasi 1998. Berbagai aturan diterapkan untuk memperkuat agenda-agenda desentralisasi itu sendiri secara institusional. Namun, meskipun penguatan terus dilakukan, masalah dalam pengelolaan daerah otonom tetap muncul, dengan salah satu kasus terbaru adalah konflik dalam penunjukan figur Sekda di Kota Bandung. Dengan berlatar belakang kasus tersebut, penelitian ini mencoba menyelidiki kekurangan dari berbagai program institusionalisasi desentralisasi yang telah diberlakukan selama ini dengan meneliti baik aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam kasus tersebut hingga ragam aturan perundangan yang telah ditetapkan.Pertanyaan penelitian yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian tesis ini adalah: Mengapa konflik antara Ridwan Kamil dan Oded Danial dalam memperebutkan posisi Sekda Kota Bandung ini terjadi, dan apa yang sebenarnya mereka perebutkan?Teori utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah birokrasi dan politik Smith dan Hill, dan teori konflik Simon Fisher dan Maurice Duverger. Dalam menemukan jawabannya, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam kasus penunjukan Sekda Kota Bandung, telah terjadi politisasi birokrasi yang dilakukan oleh aktor-aktor politik lokal yang bekerjasama dengan aktor-aktor politik pusat, kepada birokrat-birokrat senior baik di tingkat lokal maupun pusat. Politisasi tersebut terjadi dikarenakan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah motif politik elit politik lokal Bandung dan Jawa Barat untuk mengamankan posisi Sekda Bandung sebagai sumberdaya politik dan politik balas jasa. Adapun faktor kedua adalah masih ditemukannya celah dalam sistem perundangan yang mengatur keberjalanan pemerintahan di daerah, baik dalam UU 23/2014, UU 5/2014, PP 11/2017, dan UU 10/2016. Celah tersebut terlihat di dalam bab yang mengatur tata kelola pemerintahan daerah terkhusus di masa transisi kekuasaan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peraturan perundangan yang mengatur tata kelola administrasi pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia masih membutuhkan banyak perbaikan, terkhususnya perbaikan dalam bab yang mengatur aturan main kekuasaan di masa transisi pemerintahan. Tidak hanya itu, peraturan perundangan yang mengatur ata kelola birokrasi di negara ini juga masih menyimpan celah politisasi yang bisa dimanfaatkan para elit politiknya. Implikasi teoritis dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa laju agenda desentralisasi di Indonesia terbukti masih sangat bergantung pada kemauan dan motif politik aktor-aktor elit politiknya, terutama di level pusat.

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ABSTRACTThe decentralization agenda in Indonesia has progressed quite rapidly after the Reformation in 1998. Various rules were implemented to strengthen the decentralization agenda itself institutionally. However, despite continued reinforcement, problems in the management of autonomous regions continue to emerge, with one of the most recent cases being conflict is the appointment of local primary secretary figures in the city of Bandung. With this background, this study tries to investigate the shortcomings of various decentralization institutionalization programs that have been implemented so far by examining both the actors involved in the case and the various rules that have been established.The research question to be answered in this research is: Why did the conflict between Ridwan Kamil and Oded Danial over the position of Local Primary Secretary of the Bandung City occur, and what were they actually fighting for?The main theories used in this study were Smith and Hill's bureaucracy and politics, and conflict theory by Simon Fisher and Maurice Duverger. In finding the answer, this study uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach.This study found that in the case of the appointment of the Secretary of the City of Bandung, there had been a politicization of bureaucracy carried out by local political actors who collaborated with central political actors, to senior bureaucrats both at the local and national levels. The politicization occurred due to two factors. The first factor was the political motives of the local political elite of Bandung and West Java to secure the position of the Bandung Regional Secretary as a political resource in return. The second factor is the fact that there are still gaps in the regulatory system that regulate the running for local government, both in Law 23/2014, Law 5/2014, PP 11/2017, and Law 10/2016. The gap is seen in the chapter that regulates regional governance especially in the transition period of power.This study concludes that the legislation which governing the governance of local government administration in Indonesia still requires a lot of improvement, especially the improvement in the chapter that regulates the rules of play of power in the transition period. Not only that, the laws and regulations governing the management of bureaucracy in this country also still hold a gap in the politicization that can be utilized by the political elite. The theoretical implication of this research is that the pace of the decentralization agenda in Indonesia is proven to still depend heavily on the political will and motives of the actors of the political elite, especially at the central level."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pencalonan tunggal dalam kasus mundurnya calon penantang di kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi kualitatif dan teori arena dari Neil Fligstein dan McAdam. Studi ini menyatakan bahwa pencalonan tunggal di pilkada TTU 2015 diakibatkan oleh struktur arena dan tindakan strategis aktor. Mundurnya penantang potensial didorong oleh adanya perbedaan sumber daya dan keterampilan politik yang relevan dan efektif untuk mobilisasi elektoral. Tidak hanya itu, penantang menarik diri karena merasakan kompetisi yang sangat rentan memicu konflik dan kekerasan. Hal itu karena menguatnya politisasi identitas yang sangat sensitif dan berpotensi memicu kekerasan antar pendukung. Penjelasan ini berbeda dari sejumlah kasus serupa seperti di Blitar (Sobari, 2017), Pati dan Jayapura (Lay et al. 2017). Perbedaan utamanya ada pada konteks arena kontestasi, jenis sumber daya yang penting bagi aktor, dan jalur menuju pencalonan tunggal. Perspektif ekonomi politik (oligarki lokal) dan politik kartel seperti di Pati dan konsep kepemimpinan ideal yang populer di Blitar, bukan penjelasan yang tepat untuk kasus ini. Penantang potensial tidak mengalami kendala dalam hal pendanaan, rekam jejak dan popularitas. Penantang bahkan mendapatkan dukungan mayoritas dari partai-partai politik yang ada. Namun mereka tidak siap melanjutkan kompetisi yang berat dan berpotensi konflik. Penantang meragukan kredibilitas institusi pemilihan dan keamanan. Mereka meyakini kompetisi tidak dapat berjalan secara bebas, adil dan damai setelah melihat petahana menggunakan cara-cara yang tidak demokratis untuk memobilisasi pemilih secara luas. Kondisi itu mendorong mereka untuk mundur agar pemilihan itu di tunda sehingga peluang mereka bisa menjadi lebih baik.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to explain the sole candidacy in the case of the withdrawal of the prospective opponent in North Central Timor district (TTU). It focuses on answering the main question of why this case could happen. The research, which uses a qualitative exploratory method and the arena theory of Neil Fligstein and McAdam, states that the sole candidacy in North Central Timor district (TTU) election was caused by the arena stucture and the actors strategic action.The withdrawal of the potential opponent was caused by the the differences in political skill and in effective and relevant resources to mobilize voters. Besides, the opponent felt that the competition was likely to trigger conflict and violence as the most sentitive identity politization got stronger and could trigger violence between supporters. The explanation differs from a number of similar cases in Blitar (Sobari, 2017), Pati and Jayapura (Lay et al. 2017). The main differences are on the context of competition arena, the type of important resources for the actor and the path or procedure leading to the sole candidacy. The political economy perspective (local oligarchy) in Pati and the concept of ideal leadership in Blitar are not at all the appropriate explanation for this. The opponent did not have any problem in terms of fund, track record, and populariy. They even got support from most political parties in that district but they were not ready to continue the competition which was heavy and that could cause conflict. They doubted the credibility of security and election institutions. Having seen the opponent using non-democratic ways in mobilizing voters massively, they were sure that the competition would not be freely, fairly and peacefully done. This condition made them withdraw in order that the election could be delayed and would in turn give them a better opportunity."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggambarkan upaya- upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah Desa Hanura dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat pada kegiatan perencanaan Dana Desa dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala yang terjadi dalam peningkatan partisipasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menjabarkan bahwa memang terdapat upaya- upaya penting yang dilakukan Pemerintah Desa Hanura untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam tahapan kegiatan perencanaan Dana Desa mulai dari persiapan petugas, penjangkauan masyarakat, kegiatan pengkajian masalah kebutuhan atau masalah, dan perencanaan sebagai penformulasian solusi itu sendiri. Upaya- upaya peningkatan partisipasi tersebut juga dapat berbeda- beda di setiap desa tergantung tahapan yang dilewati serta peran dan keterampilan dari pemerintah desa untuk melakukan perubahan yang dilakukan. Peran dan keterampilan tersebut mulai dari fasilitatif, edukasional, representasional dan teknis, untuk memberikan peluang dan memampukan masyarakat dalam berpartisipasi. Selain itu, kendala- kendala yang dihadapi oleh Pemerintah Desa Hanura, baik dari sisi aparat desa maupun masyarakat, telah dikelola dengan peran kepala desa dan manajemen konflik agar partisipasi masyarakat dapat berjalan efektif. Penelitian ini kemudian menyarankan agar pemerintah desa mengembangkan komunikasi secara kultural kepada masyarakat serta pengkaderan desa agar tujuan dari peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat tersebut dapat tercapai.

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ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis describes the efforts of Hanura local apparatus in strengthening community participation in Village Fund planning activities and the efforts to overcome the barriers in the ongoing process. This research used the qualitative research with descriptive approach. The result explains that Hanura local apparatus have encouraged the community participation in every single Village Fund planning process from team preparation, community engagement, community assessment, and planning as the solution formulation. The efforts could be different to other villages depend on the the planning process faced also the roles and skills applied. Those roles and skills by local apparatus, such as facilitative, educational, representational and technical, to widen the chances and enable the community to participate. Besides, the barriers both from the apparatus and community have been managed by the roles of local leader and conflict management to get the community participation run effective. This research gives recommendation for the local apparatus to develop the cultural communication to community also form local cadres to grab the goal of community participation strengthening. "

"The birth of constitution No 22 & 25 year 1999 is the first step to repair the running of the governance that tends to be centralistic to a more decentralistic environment by giving expanded autonomy at local level. Both constitutions are expected to generate democratization by giving more space for public participation in the politics field, the handling at local level monetary, and the utilization of other local resources.History has says that during the implementation of constitution No. 5 year 1974, the nuances policy is dominantly have the nature of top down, rather than bottom up. This kind of policy have the tendency to minimize local government roles. Therefore, the concept of local development that focused on the involvement of the local interest's (participation approach) needs to be nurtured. The public participation can be representated through a good election process, so the people role's can be seen from local council strength in controlling policy execution by the executive.Public participation at the local level is interesting to study because basically the public participation on the execution of local autonomy is the form of representativeness from a policy. This is needed as a way to create good governance by developing, strengthening and public empowering with the condition that there civil society and people have capability therefore to begin initiatives, discussing, formulating recommendation, debating it, make an agreement, deciding, monitoring and evaluating the making process and executing public policy that within the authority of the government.Participation has a very important meaning for democratic government system, even means for the embodiment of power that lies in the people's hand. Participation means to ensure that every policy taken reflect .the people's aspiration. Studies on various literature shows that participation is a mayor part of good governance. The aim of this research is to analyze how is the process of formulating local regulation, where in the process of formulating it there are two factors that will be effecting the result of a local regulation draft being discussed, which is the articulation of various interest by the local council and the public participation in the process of formulating it. This research basically is trying to bring up and describing many things thats connected to public participation in the process of formulating local regulation. The method of this research used qualitative approach. This research also comes as a case study, its means so that the research are conducted more throughly and to understand the symptoms in a holistic approach. The data is gamed from studying various document that related with the formulation process of local regulation and by conducting in depth interview to the members and staff of local council that involved in formulating each local regulation, special committee for public order in Depok, the community leaders, and non government organization involved in the process of formulating local regulation.From the analization it is known that in connection with the law ground on the public participation in the process of formulating local regulation, there is no clear regulations for the citizen right to participate. This research is conducted at Depok city shows that the rules of Local Council in Depok City is not sufficiently accommodate the existence of public participation in the process of formulating local regulation.The research shows that are space to public participation formally and informally in the process of formulating local regulation, but the utilization of the space available is not maximal due to the process of formulating local regulation regarding public order in Depok City, public participation only existed at RDPU (Public Hearing). The participation happened only in the formal context, which is the involvement in the RDPU at the consultation level. In Am stein perspective this consultation level is in the "degree of Tokenism' which marked the existence of two-way dialogue between public and local council even the nature of the dialogue is cooptative."

"ABSTRAKLetak propinsi Lampung yang strategis memberikan keuntungan, karena mengakibatkan Lampung menjadi wilayah yang mengalami perkembangan, Terbukanya daerah Lampung memberikan kesempatan bagi kelompok-kelompok pendatang dari berbagai suku bangsa di Indonesia yang masuk dan berusaha di berbagai bidang kehidupan. Sejarah pemerintahan Lampung tidak dapat dipisahkan dari Sumatera Selatan mengingat pada awalnya Lampung merupakan bagian dari Sumatera Selatan. Pembahasan tesis dimulai dari latar belakang pada bab 1, bab 2 menguraikan tentang potensi yang dimiliki Lampung, bab 3 membahas pertumbuhan partai politik dan organisasi masa, bab 4 peranan partai politik dan bab 5 kesimpulan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah melihat partisipasi dan fungsi partai politik dalam proses pembentukan propinsi Lampung. Berdasarkan pembahasan, diambil kesimpulan faktor-faktor pendukung pembentukan propinsi Lampung adalah a)adanya kesulitan dalam hal birokrasi pemerintahan yang kurang efisien jika harus berhubungan dengan pemerintah pusat Jakarta. b) masalah pembagian keuangan daerah yang dianggap kurang seimbang mengingat Lampung mempunyai sumber﷓ sumber ekonomi yang menghasilkan pendapatan. c) Lampung mempunyai identitas tersendiri ditinjau dari budayanya. d) Lampung mempunyai sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan yang terpisah dari Sumatera Selatan. e) Adanya peranan dan dukungan dan segenap masyarakat yang ditindaklanjuti oleh tokoh-tokoh partai politik yang memperjuangkan keinginan untuk lepas dari Sumatera Selatan. f) Secara otonomi, Lampung sudah memenuhi persyaratan untuk menjadi propinsi."