Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang masih mengalami masalah dengan infeksi virus dengue (DENV). Hingga kini, belum ditemukan antiviral spesifik untuk DENV. Ada beberapa potensi antiviral, salah satunya adalah intervensi pada sekuens untranslated region (UTR) menggunakan small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Penelitian mengenai UTR ini masih relatif terbatas. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis filogenetik dan homologi pada sekuens UTR DENV-2 dengan data dari Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia dan GenBank. Analisis filogenetik dengan Genetyx 5.1 menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan persebaran genotipe berbasis envelope dan UTR. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa area yang sangat highly conserved pada 5’UTR maupun 3’UTR yang berpotensi menjadi target intervensi.

---

Infection of dengue is a major problem in Indonesia as there are no specific antiviral has been successfully developed. There are several promising candidates such as intervention of the untranslated region (UTR) sequence through small-interfering RNA (siRNA). The research for this field is still limited. In this research, the DENV-2’s UTR sequence data from Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia and GenBank are analyzed using Genetyx 5.1 It is found through phylogenetic analysis that there are differences in genotype dissemination based on envelope and UTR. Moreover, there are several highly conserved ar"

"Latar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menganalisis pelacak oligonukleotida apakah dapat diterapkan dalam hibridisasi dot blot menggunakan radioisotop 32P untuk mendeteksi virus hepatitis C.Metode: Sampel yang digunakan adalah 46 plasma darah. Plasma diekstraksi untuk mendapatkan RNA genom virus sebagai cetakan reaksi RT-PCR dan amplikon digunakan untuk nested PCR. Genom HCV berjumlah 24 diunduh dari GeneBank dan penderetan sekuen DNA dilakukan dengan Software Bio Edit versi 7.0.9.0. Pelacak oligonuklueotida dirancang berdasarkan daerah lestari genom HCV yang terletak pada sekuen internal di antara 2 primer yang digunakan pada nested PCR. Homologi oligonukleotida HCV dianalisis menggunakan teknik Blast di GeneBank. Radioisotop 32P digunakan untuk melabel oligonukleotida. Oligonukleotida berlabel diaplikasikan untuk produk nested PCR menggunakan metode hibridisasi dot blot. Konfirmasi hasil amplifikasi dan hibridisasi dot blot dilakukan menggunakan metode sekuensing DNA.Hasil: Hasil analisis Blast menunjukkan homologi yang tinggi untuk HCV (100%). Hasil nested PCR menunjukkan tiga pola fragmen DNA. Tiga pola tersebut masing-masing adalah genotip HCV 1, 2, dan 3. Primer yang digunakan dalam nested PCR tidak spesifik dinyatakan dengan adanya tiga fragmen DNA sehingga sulit diinterpretasikan. Hasil hibridisasi dot blot menggunakan oligonukleotida yang didesain dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan intensitas dot yang tebal. Semua pola fragmen hasil nested PCR menunjukkan hasil positif dot blot. Hasil hibridisasi dot blot sesuai dengan hasil sekuensing DNA.Kesimpulan: Pelacak oligonukleotida menunjukkan kriteria yang sangat memuaskan secara bioinformatika. Hasil hibridisasi dot blot menggunakan 32P menunjukkan intensitas dot yang tebal dan lebih mudah diinterpretasi dibandingkan dengan hasil nested PCR.

---

AbstractBackground: This study aimed to design and analyze the applicability of an oligonucleotide probe in radioisotope 32P-based dot blot hybridization for detection of hepatitis C virus.Methods: Forty-six of plasma samples were used. The plasma was extracted to obtain viral RNA genome as template for RT-PCR and the amplicon was used for nested PCR. Twenty-four HCV genomes were retrieved from GeneBank DNA sequence and alignment was performed by Bio Edit Software version 7.0.9.0. An oligonucleotide probe was designed based on a highly conserved region that is located on internal sequence between two primers used for nested PCR. Blast analysis on GeneBank was performed to obtain homology of the oligonucleotide for HCV. The oligonucleotide was then labeled with 32P and dot blot hybridization was applied for nested PCR products. DNA Sequencing was performed to confirm the amplicon and dot blot hybridization results.Results: Blast analysis showed high homology (100%) for HCV. Nested PCR resulted in three patterns of DNA fragments representing HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The primers used in nested PCR were not specific and resulted in DNA fragments difficult to be interpreted. Dot blot hybridization using the designed oligonucleotide showed high intensity dots. All nested PCR fragments showed the dot blot positive. The dot blot results were in accordance with DNA sequencing that confirmed three patterns of DNA fragments as different HCV genotypes.Conclusion: The oligonucleotide showed excellent bioinformatically criteria. 32P-based dot blot hybridization yielded high intensity dots and was easier to be interpreted than nested PCR assay."

"Background: HIV infection in HCV-infected patients accelerates disease progression and reduces the success rate of Peg-IFN/RBV treatment. HCV mutation in NS5A-ISDR/PKR-BD region improved the outcome in HCV monoinfection treated with Peg-IFN/RBV. SNP-IL28B polymorphism is predicted to have an effect on HCV quasispecies evolution. However, the role of NS5A mutation and SNP IL-28B in HIV-HCV coinfection is still unclear. The aim of the study is to determine the role of HCV NS5A-ISDR/PKR-BD mutation and SNP IL-28 polymorphism on the successfulness of Peg-IFN/RBV therapy in HCV-HIV coinfection.Methods: prospective cohort was performed in this study. Plasma sample were obtained from 30 and 8 patients with HCV-HIV coinfection and HCV monoinfection, respectively. PCR nucleotide sequencing was performed after RNA virus extraction and cDNA synthesis. Protein secondary structure and prediction of mutation function were analyzed using PredictProtein (PP) program.Results: sixteen HCV-HIV coinfected patients and none from eight HCV patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR). ≥1 non-neutral mutation was found in 24/30 HCV-HIV coinfection and more frequent in SVR group (14 patients). ≥1 non-neutral mutation were found statistically significant for overall SVR achievement (p<0.05) in all patients regardless of coinfection or monoinfection status. Of the 27 HCV-HIV coinfected patients with CC-gene, 21 subjects had non-neutral mutation. The structure which was expected as NS5A binding site structure was different from consensus (wild type) in SVR group, while the structure was similar to consensus in non-SVR group.Conclusion: having ≥1 non-neutral mutation was associated with SVR achievement in Peg-IFN/RBV therapy, regardless of monoinfection and coinfection status."

"Kegiatan manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sangat tergantung sekali kepada sumber daya dan kondisi lingkungan yang mereka miliki.Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok yang harus dipenuhi untuk berbagai keperluan sehari-hari, namun karena kurangnya air bersih didukung oleh kebiasaan dan lingkungan yang tidak sehat, tidak jarang masyarakat menggunakan air apa saja yang ada disekitarnya untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan. Akibatnya tidak jarang masyarakat mengalami gangguan kesehatan seperti Hepatitis E Virus (HEV).HEV merupakan penyakit yang sering mewabah di daerah yang sulit sumber air bersih sehingga masyarakat menggunakan satu sumber air secara bersama-sama untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. HEV menular melalui jalur penularan fecal-oral maka penggunaan air sungai yang dipakai bersama-sama untuk berbagai penggunaan akan memicu terjadinya penularan. Diperparah oleh lingkungan dan kebiasaan yang buruk sehingga tidak jarang mengakibatkan epidemic bahkan endemis. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian yang mencoba mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan air sungai untuk keperluan sehari-hari terhadap kejadian HEV.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain Kasus-Kontrol yang dilakukan di daerah endemis HEV di Bondowoso pada tahun 2000-2001 yang melibatkan 398 responden. Kelompok kasus merupakan masyarakat yang pernah mengalami HEV pada satu tahun terakhir sementara kontrol adalah masyarakat setempat yang tidak pernah menderita HEV.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variable penggunaan sungai merupakan variable yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian HEV (p value~,036 dan cOR=1,59). Selain penggunaan air sungai variable yang menunjukan kebermaknaan adalah variable kebersihan lingkungan (p-value=0,000 dan cOR 2,94) yang sekaligus merupakan variable perancu bagi variable penggunaan sungai. Hasil analisa multivariate menunjukan model matematis sebagai berikut :Kejadian HEV = -0.755 + 0.216 Penggunaan Air Sungai + 1.025 Kebersihan Lingkungan RumahPeran faktor risiko lain diluar yang telah diteliti masih perlu untuk diteliti. Sedangkan untuk penanggulangan dan pencegahan usaha pendidikan dan penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat mengenai PUBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) merupakan cara yang dapat dilakukan selain intervensi secara teknis.Daftar Bacaan : 28 (1985-1999)

---

Effect of River Water Usage toward Hepatitis E Virus Infection (Study at S Endemic Villages in Bondowodo District, East Java 2000-2001) To gain their need people has strong dependency to natural resources surround them. Fresh water is primary need that has to be fulfilling for their survival. But one or more reason caused lack of fresh water resource and induced by unhealthy attitude and environment, people used available water in their surrounding although worse in quality. The results of this condition are people frequently get health disorder such as Hepatitis E Virus.HEV is one of the most frequent endemic diseases in a lack of fresh water area. HEV spread trough fecal-oral transmission, so, daily usage of river water for whole community cause the spreading of disease. Induced by unhealthy attitude and environment the spreading becomes epidemic, event in most cases become endemic. To solve the-problem, a research which Their objectives are to find the effect of river usage toward HEV and others factor that may have association must be conduct.This research is a case-control design that implemented at endemic area in Bondowoso 2000-2001 which involve 398 people as samples. Case groups selected from community who get HEV during last year and the control groups are their neighbors who never shown have HEV symptoms.The results state that river usage has a significant effect toward HEV (p-value=0.036 and crude OR--l.59). Beside, unhealthy environment shown the same result in causing REV infection (p-value=0.000 and crude OR=2.94) respectively. Further more, the multivariate analysis detect that unhealthy environment is a confounding factor to river water usage in causing HEV_ Mathematical model of interaction between HEV Infection, River Water Usage and Unhealthy Environment are shown below, respectively:HEV Infection = -0.755 + 0.216 River Water Usage+ 1.025 Unhealthy Environment Other factor that their effect seem never been investigate toward HEV infection probably a subject for further research activities. Yet, the planning to control and prevent future infection by community empowerment trough health education and health promotion are applicable solution beside technical interventions.Reading: 28 (1985-1999)"

"Background: Narcotics and psychoactive substances abuse, particularly by intravenous route, currently is a major health problem affecting young Indonesian people. Consequently, there is an increasing incidence of blood-borne viral diseases, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HCV and HIV co-infection among narcotics abusers in Pondok Indah Hospital, Jakarta.Method: This was a cross-sectional study in Pondok Indah Hospital, Jakarta using patients' medical records. Data from patients with the diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders due to various psychoactive substances and HIV-related diseases were retrieved to obtain demographic characteristics, history of drug abuse and sewlogical testing. Patients were excluded if there were another organic mental disorders found or a history of blood transfusion prior to infection.Results: There were 157 cases of drug abuse collected between January 2000 and May 2005, 85.4% were men and their median age was 24 years old. The peak age group was 21-25 years old. Injection drug users (IDUs) were found in 72% of cases. Anti-HCV total antibody was found in 45.2% cases, including 2 non-IDUs, while anti-HIV antibody and combined anti-HCV/anti HIV antibodies were found in 13.4% and 7.6% cases, respectively. Anti-HCV positive patient are significantly younger than anti-HCV negative patients (27.9 ± 8.2 vs. 23.7 ± 4.4 years, p < 0.001), while the duration of use was not significantly correlated with HCV infection. Neither age nor duration of use was statistically significant with the presence of anti-HIV antibody. However, there is a significant correlation between the duration of drug abuse with HCV and HIV co-infection (6.0 ± 3.0 vs. 4.1 ± 2.8 years, p = 0.027).Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV and HIV co-infection among narcotics abusers in Pondok Indah Hospital was 7.6%. The emerging cases of hepatitis C and HIV infections during the last several years was significantly related to the increasing numbers of narcotics abusers."

"Chronic hepatitis C virus : lessons from the past, promise for the future documents the monumental advances that have been made in our understanding of chronic HCV during the past decade. The first section reviews the natural history of chronic HCV, how this virus can affect other organs in addition to the liver, and whether treating chronic HCV alters the natural history of this disease. Section 2 reviews the advances that have been made in the treatment of chronic HCV during the past decade with interferon based therapy. Separate chapters on response guided therapy and how to manage the adverse events associated with these medications provide the physician with the concepts required to more effectively treat chronic HCV now and in the future. As the genetics of virologic response have recently been elucidated, a chapter is devoted to helping the clinician understand how genes that modulate disease processes and their treatment are identified and utilized in clinical care. Section 3 deals with the future of HCV treatment and specific inhibitors of HCV. Specific chapters explain how targets for drugs are identified and how drugs are then developed and tested; how mutations of HCV develop and how anti-viral agents will affect this process; the most up to date data regarding the treatment of chronic HCV with peginterferon, ribavirin and anti-viral agents; and the potential to treat chronic HCV with just oral anti-viral agents and without peginterferon and ribavirin in the future. The final section of this book covers issues related to liver transplantation in patients with chronic HCV. Separate chapters review the natural history of chronic HCV in liver transplant recipients and the impact of utilizing HCV positive donors. The volume concludes with chapters that cover the treatment of chronic HCV both prior to and after liver transplantation with potent anti-viral agents. Chronic hepatitis C virus : lessons from the past, promise for the future is a valuable resource for all physicians caring for patients with chronic HCV."

"Karsinoma hepatoseluler (KHS) adalah salah satu kanker dengan laju mortalitas tertinggi di dunia. Kadar serum alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker untuk menegakkan diagnosis dini. Tetapi, perbandingan antara kadar serum AFP dan KHS dengan etiologi infeksi virus dan etiologi non infeksi virus belum diketahui. Mengetahui perbandingan antara kadar serum AFP dan KHS dengan etiologi infeksi virus dan etiologi non infeksi virus. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta pada Januari-Oktober 2018 dengan melihat data rekam medis dari 287 pasien yang terdiagnosis KHS dalam periode 2013-2017. Nilai median (minimum-maksimum) dari kadar AFP pada pasien KHS dengan etiologi infeksi VHB atau VHC adalah 419 (0.8-400.000). Nilai median (minimum-maksimum) kadar AFP pada pasien KHS dengan etiologi non infeksi VHB-VHC adalah 7.18 (0.6-90.944). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar AFP dengan KHS dengan etiologi infeksi VHB atau VHC dan etiologi non infeksi VHB-VHC.

---

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the highest rates of mortality in the world. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis. However, the comparison between serum AFP and HCC with viral infections etiology and non-viral etiology is unknown. This research aims to determine the comparison between serum AFP and HCC with viral infections etiology and non-viral aetiology. A cross-sectional study conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta in January to October 2018 by reviewing 287 medical records of patients diagnosed with HCC from 2013-2017 period of time. The median (minimum-maximum) value of AFP levels in HCC patients with the etiology of HBV or HCV infection is 419 (0.8-400,000). The median value (minimum-maximum) of AFP levels in HCC patients with the etiology of non HBV-HCV infection was 7.18 (0.6-90,944). There were significant differences between AFP levels and KHS with the etiology of HBV or HCV infections and the etiology of non HBV-HCV infections."

"ABSTRAK<

Karsinoma hepatoseluler (KHS) merupakan karsinoma primer tersering pada sel hati. Sebagian besar KHS disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis B (VHB) dan virus hepatitis C (VHC) yang memiliki patogenesis yang berbeda dalam menyebabkan KHS. Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) sebagai penanda tumor pada KHS dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya status infeksi. Berbagai penelitian sudah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengaruh jenis virus penyebab KHS dengan kadar AFP namun hasilnya sangat beragam. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dan ditambah dengan belum adanya penelitian serupa yang menggunakan data pasien di Indonesia maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar AFP pada pasien KHS terkait infeksi VHB terhadap VHC. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi potong lintang menggunakan 199 data AFP pasien KHS yang terdiri dari 129 kasus KHS terkait VHB dan 70 kasus KHS terkait VHC. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 97% dan 87.3% pasien KHS terkait VHC dan VHB mengalami peningkatan kadar AFP secara berurutan. Nilai median kadar AFP pada pasien KHS terkait VHB adalah 419 IU/mL sedangkan pada pasien KHS terkait VHC sebesar 400 IU/mL. Perbedaan nilai tersebut memiliki nilai p = 0.97 dalam uji Mann-Whitney U sehingga disimpulan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada rerata kadar AFP antara pasien KHS terkait VHB dibanding dengan VHC.

---

ABSTRACT

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most primary common carcinoma in liver cells. Most HCC are caused by the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C that have different pathogenesis in causing carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein as tumor marker in HCC is influenced by various factors, one of which is infection status. Various studies have been carried out to determine the influence of the types of viruses causing HCC with AFP levels but the results are very diverse. Based on this and coupled with the absence of similar studies using patient data in Indonesia, this study aims to compare AFP levels in HCC patients related to HBV and HCV. Using cross-sectional design, this study included 199 data of AFP in patient with HCC comprises of 129 cases of HCC related to HBV and 70 cases of HCC related to HCV. From this study, it was found that 97% and 87.3% of HCC patients related to HCV and HBV experienced an increase in AFP levels consecutively. The median value of AFP levels in HBV-related HCC patients was 419 IU / mL while in HCV-related HCC patients was 400 IU / mL. The difference in value has a p value = 0.97 in the Mann-Whitney U test thus it is concluded that there is no significant difference in AFP levels between HBV-related HCC patients compared with HCV-related HCC.

"