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"Jurnal ini membahas tentang Festival Internasional Baalbeck di Lebanon (Sebuah Kajian Sosio-Kultural). Metode penulisan yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah metode kualitatif. Penulisan jurnal ini secara ringkas membahas mengenai sejarah, lokasi, rangkaian acara dan program Festival Internasional Baalbeck 2015. Jurnal ini mengkaji perkembangan Festival Internasional Baalbeck dari sejarah hingga saat ini dan menyangkut sosial dan kultural. Festival Internasional Baalbeck diselenggarakan di Lebanon saat musim panas pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus di wilayah Lembah Bekaa. Lebanon merupakan negara kecil yang mempunyai beragam budaya. Budaya di Lebanon disajikan melalui berbagai pertunjukan seni, teater, pameran dan konser yang dikemas dalam bentuk festival yang sangat hidup. Festival di Lebanon mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri, salah satunya adalah Festival Internasional Baalbeck yang merupakan festival yang cukup terkenal. Festival Internasional Baalbeck merupakan festival internasional yang dihadiri oleh berbagai pengunjung dari segala penjuru dunia. Festival Internasional Baalbeck menjadi festival tahunan yang memadukan kebudayaan Timur Tengah sebagai kebudayaan lokal dengan kebudayaan asing.

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This journal discusses about Baalbek International Festival in Lebanon (A Socio-Cultural Study). Writing method which used in this journal is qualitative. This journal briefly discusses about history, location, events and programs of Baalbeck International Festival 2015. This journal presented development of Baalbeck International Festival of history until festival in 2015 and relates to the socio-cultural. Baalbeck International Festival held in Lebanon during summer on July until August in Bekaa Valley area. Lebanon is a small country which has various cultures. Lebanon’s culture presented with arts performances, theater, exhibition and concert which covered by a marvelous festival. Festival in Lebanon has its own way to attract tourists, one of that is a famous Baalbeck International Festival. Baalbeck International Festival is an international festival which attended by tourists around the world. Baalbeck International Festival became an annual festival that blends Middle Eastern cultures as a local culture with foreign cultures."

"Penegakana hukum internasional melalui pembentukan berbagai pengadilan internasional yang bertujuan untuk mengadili para pelaku kejahatan internasioal. Pengadilan internasional memiliki lingkup kejahatan internasional, walaupun saat ini berkembang pula variasi pengadilan internasional yaitu pengadilan campuran yang mempunyai kewenangan kejahatan nasional dan internasional. Namun, dengan adanya Pengadilan Khusus untuk Lebanon Special Tribunal for Lebanon/ STL, persepsi bahwa pengadilan internasional selalu bertujuan untuk mengadili kejahatan internasional berubah karena STL merupakan pengadilan pertama yang bertujuan sepenuhnya untuk kejahatan nasional tanpa ada unsur kejahatan internasional sama sekali. Kejahatan nasional di sini adalah mengadili pelaku terorisme dalam kasus pembunuhan perdana menteri Lebanon, Rafik Hariri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap hukum positif tertulis, termasuk meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tujuan pembentukan STL yang dirasa janggal karena menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah kejahatan nasional STL mempunyai alasan yang kuat bagi DK PBB untuk menggunakan kewenangannya berdasarkan Bab VII Piagam PBB mengenai perdamaian dan keamanan dunia. Penelitian ini juga membahas karakteristik-karakteristik khusus STL yang membedakan dengan pengadilan-pengadilan internasional sebelumnya. Pada hasilnya, disamping adanya beberapa unsur politik, STL dibentuk karena adanya keinginan pemerintah Lebanon untuk mengadili pelaku pembunuhan perdana menteri Rafik Hariri melalui pengadilan yang berkarakter internasional dan independen.

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The purpose of enforcement of international law through the establishment of international courts is to try the criminals of international crimes. The international courts have the jurisdiction of international crimes, despite today rsquo s development of various international tribunals such as the hybrid courts that have the jurisdiction both international and national crimes.

However, the existence of Special Tribunal for Lebanon gives the perception that international courts have always aimed to try the international crimes criminals has changed because STL is the first international court that aims fully to try the national crimes without any international crimes element. The national crimes under STLs jurisdiction is to prosecute and investigate the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri.

This paper uses juridical normative method which uses written applicable laws and literatures, with the aim to get to know the aim of STL establishment as to be assumed peculiar as it incurs the question whether the national crimes under STL jurisdiction have the strong reasons for the UN Security Council to use its authority under Part VII of UN Charter regarding international peace and security.

This paper also explains the STL rsquo s special characteristics that distinguish with the previous international courts. The results shows that despite the political instruments, STL was established as the request of the Lebanese government to prosecute the criminals of the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri by establishing a tribunal that has impartial and international characters."

"Minoritas Druze Lebanon telah menempati Pegunungan Lebanon sejak abad 11 M. Meskipun dari segi jumlah Druze merupakan minoritas, mereka mampu mempertahankan eksistensinya sejak kedatangannya hingga saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kondisi dan kebertahanan minoritas Druze Lebanon. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan data sekunder dari studi pustaka. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori kebertahanan dari Gunnestad (2006). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Druze datang ke Pegunungan Lebanon pada abad 11 M untuk melindungi diri dan kemudian membentuk komunitas di sana. Pada masa Ottoman, Druze memiliki kekuasaan sebagai emirat di Pegunungan Lebanon di bawah wali Ottoman. Pada masa Mandat Perancis, kedudukan Druze sebagai pemimpin berubah menjadi minoritas karena pembentukan Lebanon Raya. Pasca kemerdekaan, Druze hanya memiliki partisipasi terbatas dalam politik dan pemerintahan karena sistem konfesional Lebanon. Temuan selanjutnya, kebertahanan minoritas Druze Lebanon didukung oleh tiga faktor: internal, eksternal, dan eksistensial. Faktor internal dengan memilih tempat bermukim di wilayah pegunungan dan menyatukan komunitas mereka di bawah kepemimpinan zaim. Faktor eksternal yakni konstitusi Lebanon mengakui Druze sebagai salah satu agama resmi dan aliansi politik yang mereka bangun dengan komunitas lain. Faktor eksistensial adalah adanya konsep taqiyya, reinkarnasi, dan kepercayaan akan datangnya Mahdi yang terdapat dalam ajaran mereka.

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Lebanese Druze minority has resided in Mount Lebanon since the 11th century. Besides being numerically a minority, they manage to preserve their existence from their first arrival until the present. This research aimed to describe the condition and resilience of the Lebanese Druze minority. By using a descriptive qualitative method, this research relied on secondary data acquired from library research and implemented the resilience theory approach by Gunnestad (2006). The research found that the Druzes came to Mount Lebanon in the 11th century to protect themselves and build a community in that area. During the Ottoman period, the Druze ruled as an emirate in Mount Lebanon under the Ottoman wali. During the France Mandate, the position of the Druze as a ruling class changed into a minority due to the establishment of Grand Lebanon. After Lebanon’s independence, the Druze had only limited political and governmental participation because of Lebanon’s confessional system. The next finding is that the resilience of the Lebanese Druze minority is supported by three factors: internal, external, and existential. First, the internal factor is their decision to reside in the mountainous area and organize their community under the leadership of zaim. Second, the external factor is besides Lebanon’s constitution recognizing Druze as one of the official religions, they establish political alliances with other communities. Third, the existential factor that supports the resilience of the Druzes is the principle of taqiyya (concealment), reincarnation, and belief in the arrival of a Savior.

"

"ABSTRAKJurnal ini membahas Festival Budaya Negara Qatar. Berbagai macam festival yang terdapat di negara Qatar, di antaranya Festival Garangaou, Festival Qatar Comedy, Festival Halal Qatar, Festival Qatar Masters dan Festival Budaya Doha. Festival ini telah menjadi icon dan tradisi tahunan rutin yang selalu dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat Qatar. Festival-festival ini berjalan dengan sangat meriah. Wisatawan yang berkunjung ke negara Qatar diwajibkan menonton setiap perayaan dari festival ini karena sayang sekali jika dilewatkan begitu saja. Begitu juga dengan para masyarakat Qatar yang sangat antusias dalam menyambut dan mempersiapkan perayaan festival ini. Festival ini menjadi ciri khas tersendiri bagi masyarakat Qatar khususnya anak-anak dan para remaja. Kebudayaan Qatar sangat terpengaruh oleh budaya Arab karena Qatar memang berasal dari Arab. Masyarakat Qatar sangat bangga untuk menunjukkan kekayaan budaya mereka. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan adanya berbagai macam acara pertunjukkan budaya yang biasanya diadakan oleh beberapa organisasi. Pertunjukan budaya ini menampilkan berbagai macam aspek budaya tradisi dan kebiasaan yang khas dari negara tersebut. Budaya Qatar sendiri merupakan hasil kombinasi beberapa warisan budaya. Hal ini dikarenakan ada banyak orang dari berbagai bangsa dan negara yang datang dan menetap di Qatar dengan membawa serta budaya mereka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah agar masyarakat asing dapat mengetahui keberagaman festival unik yang diselenggarakan pada setiap tahun di negara Qatar.

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ABSTRACTThis journal discusses Qatar State Cultural Festival. A variety of festivals are found in the country of Qatar, including the Garangaou Festival, Qatar Comedy Festival, Qatar Halal Festival, Qatar Masters Festival and the Doha Cultural Festival. This festival has become a regular icon and annual tradition that is always implemented by the people of Qatar. The festivals run very lively. Tourists who visit Qatar are required to watch every celebration of this festival because it is too bad to pass up. So also with the people of Qatar who are very enthusiastic in welcoming and preparing for this festival celebration. This festival is a distinctive feature for the people of Qatar, especially children and teenagers. Qatar culture is deeply influenced by Arab culture because Qatar is originally from Arabia. The people of Qatar are very proud to show their cultural treasures. This can be proved by the existence of various cultural performances that are usually held by several organizations. This cultural show displays various aspects of traditional culture and customs of the country. Qatar 39 s culture itself is the result of a combination of several cultural heritages. This is because there are many people from different nations and countries who come and settle in Qatar by bringing with them their culture. The result of this research is that foreign people can know the diversity of unique festivals held every year in the country of Qatar."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari faktor hubungan festival musik dengan pengunjungnya yakni program quality, information quality, facility quality, souvenir quality, dan environment quality terhadap satisfaction pengunjung terhadap festival musik tersebut dan pengaruh dari satisfaction, perceived value, motivation, group norm, dan social identity terhadap revisit intentions pada festival musik tersebut serta penelitian ini dilakukan pada festival musik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PLS-SEM dengan data primer yang dikumpulkan peneliti melalui kuesioner yang disebar di internet. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa program quality, information quality, facility quality, souvenir quality, dan environment quality memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap satisfaction. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa motivation tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap revisit intentions. Selanjutnya, satisfaction, perceived value, group norm, dan social identity memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap revisit intentions

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.This study aims to determine the effect of relationship between music festival and visitors which are program quality, information quality, facility quality, souvenir quality, and environment quality toward satisfaction of visitors and effect of satisfaction, perceived value, motivation, group norm, and social identity toward revisit intentions of music festival in Indonesia. This study useing PLS-SEM by collecting data with online administered questionnaire. The results of this study show that program quality, information quality, facility quality, souvenir quality, and environment quality have a positive influence on satisfaction. The results of this study also show that motivation has no effect on revisit intentions. In the other hand, satisfaction, perceived value, group norm, and social identity have a positive influence on revisit intentions."

"[ ABSTRAK Karya tulis ini membahas hubungan Jepang dengan dunia internasional melalui International Drama Festivalin Tokyo. Penulis memilih acara ini untuk diteliti karena serangkaian acara yang termasuk di dalamnyatermasuk ke dalam bentuk diplomasi kebudayaan, yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan yang berbeda pada setiapacaranya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu bagaimana Jepang melakukan diplomasi kebudayaanmelalui beberapa rangkaian acara yang ada dalam International Drama Festival in Tokyo. Selain itu, juga untukmengetahui karakteristik diplomasi kebudayaan Jepang dan apakah International Drama Festival in Tokyomewakili karakteristik tersebut. Serta faktor apa yang menyebabkan penyebaran nilai secara tidak kentara dapatdilakukan Jepang melalui drama produksinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif,dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi dokumen, baik dari sumber primer maupun sekunder. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jepang melakukan diplomasi kebudayaan melalui serangkaian acara diInternational Drama Festival in Tokyo dengan cara kompetisi, eksibisi, dan penetrasi. International DramaFestival in Tokyo juga mewakili karakteristik diplomasi Jepang, sehingga merupakan media yang tepat untukmemasukkan nilai-nilai yang ada pada Jepang ke dunia internasional demi mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines Japan?s international relations through International Drama Festival in Tokyo. This event

had been chosen as subject of the research because Japan had been implementing cultural diplomacy in various

content in International Drama Festival in Tokyo, and it?s conducted in different approaches. This research

intend to find out how Japan implement cultural diplomacy through various events in International Drama

Festival in Tokyo. Writer also try to find out Japan?s cultural diplomacy characteristics and whether this

event represent it. Furthermore, to know what makes Japan able to spread their values through their drama

production, subtly. This research use qualitative data collection method, involve collecting some amount of

data, including primary and secondary data. Result showed that Japan implement cultural diplomacy through

various events in International Drama Festival in Tokyo in three different forms: exhibition, competition, and

penetration. International Drama Festival in Tokyo also represent Japan?s cultural diplomacy characteristics,

and expected to help Japan to spread their values through their drama production among foreign audiences,

which in turn is useful to achieve their national interests.;This paper examines Japan?s international relations through International Drama Festival in Tokyo. This event

had been chosen as subject of the research because Japan had been implementing cultural diplomacy in various

content in International Drama Festival in Tokyo, and it?s conducted in different approaches. This research

intend to find out how Japan implement cultural diplomacy through various events in International Drama

Festival in Tokyo. Writer also try to find out Japan?s cultural diplomacy characteristics and whether this

event represent it. Furthermore, to know what makes Japan able to spread their values through their drama

production, subtly. This research use qualitative data collection method, involve collecting some amount of

data, including primary and secondary data. Result showed that Japan implement cultural diplomacy through

various events in International Drama Festival in Tokyo in three different forms: exhibition, competition, and

penetration. International Drama Festival in Tokyo also represent Japan?s cultural diplomacy characteristics,

and expected to help Japan to spread their values through their drama production among foreign audiences,

which in turn is useful to achieve their national interests., This paper examines Japan’s international relations through International Drama Festival in Tokyo. This event

had been chosen as subject of the research because Japan had been implementing cultural diplomacy in various

content in International Drama Festival in Tokyo, and it’s conducted in different approaches. This research

intend to find out how Japan implement cultural diplomacy through various events in International Drama

Festival in Tokyo. Writer also try to find out Japan’s cultural diplomacy characteristics and whether this

event represent it. Furthermore, to know what makes Japan able to spread their values through their drama

production, subtly. This research use qualitative data collection method, involve collecting some amount of

data, including primary and secondary data. Result showed that Japan implement cultural diplomacy through

various events in International Drama Festival in Tokyo in three different forms: exhibition, competition, and

penetration. International Drama Festival in Tokyo also represent Japan’s cultural diplomacy characteristics,

and expected to help Japan to spread their values through their drama production among foreign audiences,

which in turn is useful to achieve their national interests.]"