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"Latar belakang: Edukasi nutrisi dalam bentuk konseling merupakan bagian penting dalam manajemen obesitas anak. Asam Lemak Omega-3 (AL omega-3) merupakan salah satu nutrien esensial yang bermanfaat dalam penanganan obesitas terkait dengan kerjanya yang meningkatkan oksidasi lemak, menurunkan proses adipogenesis, dan memodulasi rasa lapar-kenyang. Sampai saat ini beluan ada rekomendasi nutrisi yang mengikutsertakan optimalisasi AL omega-3 dalam diet pada anak dengan berat badan berlebih dan obesitas. Linear programming merupakan metode untuk membuat rekomendasi makanan yang mempertimbangkan pula ketersediaan makanan, pola makan, dan juga harga makanan dalam proses pembuatannya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling diet optimalisasi AL omega-3 menggunakan linear programming terhadap kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma dibandingkan dengan konseling standar.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 39 anak berisiko overweight, overweight, dan obes usia 12-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur dengan disain uji klinis acak terkontrol.Hasil: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menyebabkan peningkatan asupan asam linolenat yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (278,011  435,56 vs -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). Tidak terdapat perbedaan perubahan bermakna pada kadar AL omega-3 plasma di antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menggunakan linear programming tidak menimbulkan perubahan bermakna pada kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma, meskipun berhasil meningkatkan variasi bahan makanan sumber asam lemak omega-3.

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Background: Education in the form of counseling is an indespensable part of pediatric obesity management. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are beneficial essential nutrients in obesity management, given their effects on lipid homeostasis, specifically by increasing lipid catabolism, decreasing adipogenesis, and modulating appetite. Until now, there is no nutritional recommendation focusing on omega-3 PUFA for overweight and obese children. Linear programming is one method to generate specific nutritional recommendation that also considering the food affordability, availability, and food consumption pattern.

Objective: To investigate the differences of plasma omega-3 PUFA changes between group that received omega-3 PUFA optimized using linear programming dietary counseling and control group with standard counseling.

Method: This study is an open clinical trial with parallel design, 39 children aged 12-24 months with BMI Z score > +1 based on WHO growth curve were randomly assigned by block randomization with stratification into enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming or general counseling group. Both counseling were conducted once weekly for 10 weeks. At baseline and endline, the following parameters were measured: fat intake, omega-3 intake, ratio of omega-6/omega-3 intake, eating behaviour, plasma concentration of omega-3, and plasma omega-6/omega-3 ratio.

Results: After the intervention, α-linolenic acid intake was significantly increased compared to control group (278,011  435,56 vs. -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). There were no significant differences in changes of plasma omega-3 FA between the intervention and control group.

Conclusion: Omega-3 FA optimized dietary counseling using linear programming was partially successful in improving thee variation of omega-3 FA food sources, however there were no significant changes in plasma omega-3 FA."

"Latar Belakang. Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Obesitas ditandai dengan akumulasi sel adiposa yang mencetuskan terbentuknya reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS menginduksi peroksidasi lemak, yang dapat dideteksi dengan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) plasma. Edukasi nutrisi dengan konseling dan kunjungan rumah pada pengasuh dengan anak berisiko obesitas usia < 2 tahun dapat mempengaruhi perilaku ibu, sehingga merubah asupan nutrisi anak. Belum ada rekomendasi nutrisi untuk anak obesitas usia < 2 tahun yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan menggunakan bahan makanan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konseling optimisasi diet tinggi omega-3 menggunakan linear programming terhadap kadar MDA plasma.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis terbuka, desain paralel, alokasi acak selama 10 minggu pada anak usia 12-24 bulan dengan BMI>+1 Z-score berdasarkan kurva WHO. Subjek diambil secara konsekutif dan dibagi menjadi kelompok dengan konseling optimisasi diet tinggi omega-3 menggunakan linear programming dan kelompok dengan konseling standar. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi wawancara, pengukuran antropometri, kuesioner perilaku makan, data asupan makanan menggunakan food recall 2x24 jam dan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semi kuantitatif. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar malondialdehid plasma menggunakan metode sfektofotometri pada periode sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil. Sebanyak total 32 subjek yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dialokasikan menjadi 18 subjek pada kelompok intervensi dan 14 subjek pada kelompok control. Rerata usia subjek adalah 18.4±3.7 pada kelompok intervensi dan 18.7±2.8 pada kelompok kontrol. Perbandingan karakteristik demografis anak dan keluarga pada kedua kelompok setara. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada perubahan perilaku makan dan asupan PUFA, Asam arakidonat (AA) dan omega-3 antara kedua kelompok. Besarnya rerata penurunan kadar MDA plasma pada kelompok intervensi -0.16 dan pada kelompok control -0.007 dengan p=0.023.Kesimpulan. Pemberian konseling optimalisasi diet tinggi omega-3 menggunakan linear programming dibandingkan dengan konseling standar kepada pengasuh selama 10 minggu dapat menurunkan kadar MDA plasma pada anak dengan risiko overweight, overweight, dan obesitas usia 12-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur.

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Background. Pediatric obesity is a major health concern in the world. Obesity is characterized by accumulation of adipose, triggers formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS will induce lipid peroxidation, which can be detected by plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). Nutrition education with counseling and home-visits to main caregivers with obese-prone children aged under-two-years can affect child-feeding behavior to revise children intake. There are no convenient nutritional recommendations for these children which suited children requirement and matched with available local food. This study aimed to investigate effect of enhancedcounseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming compare with general counseling on plasma MDA.

Method. This study is an open clinical trial with parallel design and randomized allocation for 10 weeks in children aged 12-24 months with a BMI > +1 WHO Z-score. Subject was taken consecutively and randomly allocated by block randomization with stratification into group enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming compare with general counseling. Data were collected from interviews, anthropometric measurements, eating behavior questionnaires, food recall 2x24 hours and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semiquantitative. Laboratory tests are conducted to determine plasma malondialdehyde levels using spectrophotometry methods before and after treatment.

Result. A total of 32 subjects participated in this study, 18 subjects were allocated into intervention group and 14 subjects into control group. The mean age of subjects was 18.4 ± 3.7 for the intervention group and 18.7 ± 2.8 for the control group. The demographic characteristics of the children and families in both groups were similar. There were no significant changes in child-feeding behavior and PUFA?s intake, arachidonic acid (AA) and omega-3 between the two groups. The result of reduction of MDA levels in the intervention group is -0.16 and the control group -0.007 with p = 0.023.

Conclusion. Enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming, compare with general counseling to main caregivers for 10 weeks, can reduce plasma MDA levels among obese-prone 1-2 years old children in East Jakarta"

"Latar belakang: Obesitas pada anak dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko berbagai masalah kesehatan. Rekomendasi kebutuhan anak yang digunakan saat ini adalah berdasarkan pedoman gizi seimbang Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Konseling dan optimasi diet menggunakan linear programming (LP) merupakan salah satu cara yang baik untuk pengaturan kebutuhan anak karena dapat memperhitungkan ketersediaan makanan lokal dan kebutuhan nutrisi anak. Omega-3 memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya sebagai antiinflamasi, akan tetapi strukturnya membuatnya rentan terhadap terjadinya peroksidasi. Vitamin e merupakan antioksidan penting dalam menangkal oksidasi asam lemak.Objektif : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling optimasi asam lemak omega-3 dibandingkan dengan konseling standar sesuai rekomendasi DepkesRI terhadap kadar vitamin E serum pada anak prone obes.Metode : merupakan penelitian uji klinis dengan intervensi berupa edukasi nutrisi diet optimasi omega-3 pada anak usia 12-24bulan di kecamatan Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia. Kelompok intervensi (n=14) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (n=18). Edukasi nutrisi dengan bantuan flipchart dan menu optimasi disusun dengan LP, diberikan sekali seminggu dengan durasi 10 minggu.Hasil : Mayoritas asupan omega-3 dan vitamin E anak masih cukup, meskipun peranan susu pertumbuhan cukup tinggi. Terdapat peningkatan asupan omega-3 dan vitamin E serta penurunan konsumsi susu formula dengan pemberian LP, meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dalam perubahan asupan nutrisi dan kadar vitamin E serum sebelum dan sesudah intervensi antar kedua kelompok (p = 0,52). Tidak terdapat perubahan perilaku pemberian makan antar dua kelompok (p>0,05), akan tetapi perilaku pemberian makan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna.Kesimpulan : Konseling diet optimasi omega-3 dapat memenuhi dan mempertahankan kebutuhan anak, akan tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan konseling standar.

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Background: Children obesity is associated with the increased risk of various health problems. Recommendations for children which are used today are based on balanced nutrition guidelines Indonesian Ministry of Health. Counseling and diet optimization using linear programming (LP) is a good way of managing a child's dietary needs due to its ability to calculate the availability of local food and the nutritional needs of each child. Omega-3 has many benefits, for example as anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, however its structure makes it vulnerable to peroxidation. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant in counteracting the oxidation of fatty acids.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary counseling on omega-3 fatty acids optimization towards the vitamin E serum level compared to standard counseling based on recommendations of Indonesian Ministry of Health on children who are prone to obese.

Design: A clinical trial which involves a series of nutrition education sessions targeted to optimize omega-3 diet on children aged 12-24 months in the Pulogadung district, East Jakarta, Indonesia. The intervention group (n = 14) is compared to controls (n = 18). A set of optimized menu, prepared using the LP, was administered and flipcharts were used as demonstration tools during the weekly session, within the period of 10 weeks.

Results: The majority of children show sufficient level of omega-3 and vitamin E intake despite the relatively high contribution of formula milk. There is an increased of omega-3 and vitamin E intakes, in addition to slight decrease in formula milk consumption as the result of the LP program. There were no significant differences in the change of nutrient intakes and the level of vitamin E in blood serum between the two groups, both before and after the intervention (p = 0.52). There is no change in child feeding behavior between the two groups (p> 0.05), whereas the behavior before and after the intervention had a significant difference.

Conclusion: Optimized omega-3 diet counseling could maintain and fulfill children?s needs of nutrient, but there is no significant difference if compared to standard counseling."

"Obesitas di usia dini dapat merugikan kesehatan anak sepanjang hidupnya secara permanen. Dewasa ini, asam lemak omega-3 diperkenalkan sebagai alternatif solusi obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh dari konseling asam lemak omega-3 selama 10 minggu terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, asupan, dan IMT/U. Penelitian ini membagi acak subjek; grup yang mendapat konseling dengan optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 disertai rekomendasi menu harian yang spesifik (Grup intervensi, n=18); dan yang mendapat konseling dan menu standar (Grup kontrol, n=20). Hasil menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pada grup intervensi meningkat signifikan (p<.001). Dibutuhkan investigasi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi ini terhadap keluaran lain yang diharapkan.

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Obesity in early life could result in permanent heath consequences. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are beneficial in obesity management, but food-based nutrition education enhancing omega-3 FAs especially in children was lacking. We investigated the effect of 10-week enhanced counseling on caregivers knowledge, attitude, as well as children's intakes and body mass index-for-age (BAZ). Children were randomly assigned to receive; enhanced counseling with specific daily menu (intervention group, n=18), or standard counseling with general menu (control group, n=20). Intervention group significantly improved knowledge (p<.001). However, its effect on other outcomes may need further investigation."

"Tujuan penelitian cross sectional ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan kadar hs-CRP pada pasien Psoriasis vulgaris. Penelitian dilakukan di Yayasan Peduli Psoriasis Indonesia, mulai November 2014 sampai April 2015. Sejumlah 52 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dipilih menjadi subjek penelitian. Subjek diwawancara, menjalani pemeriksaan antropometri dan kadar hs-CRP. Data asupan asam lemak omega-3, EPA dan DHA diperoleh dengan metode food frequency questionnaire, dan food recall 3 x 24 jam. Nilai rerata usia subjek adalah 41,9 ± 9,21 tahun. Jumlah subjek laki-laki 57,7% dan wanita, 42,3%. Sebanyak 38,5% subjek status gizinya normal dan 61,5% berat badan lebih. Asupan energi cukup terdapat pada 82,7% subjek, sedangkan 17,3% subjek asupan energinya kurang. Subjek dengan asupan asam lemak omega-3 cukup ada 65,4%, sedangkan 34,6% subjek asupannya kurang. Sebanyak 86,5% subjek asupan EPA dan DHAnya cukup dan 13,5% kurang. Hasil kadar hs-CRP serum yaitu 9,6% subjek kadarnya >10 mg/L, 57,7% subjek kadarnya 1-10 mg/L dan 32,7% subjek kadarnya <1 mg/L. Hasil uji korelasi rank Spearman antara asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan kadar hs-CRP memperlihatkan korelasi negatif lemah bermakna (r = - 0,394 dan p = 0,004). Korelasi asupan EPA dan DHA dengan kadar hs-CRP adalah negatif sedang bermakna (r = - 0,499 dan p = 0,000). Asupan asam lemak omega-3 terutama dalam bentuk EPA dan DHA dapat menurunkan kadar hs-CRP pada pasien Psoriasis.

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The aim of this cross sectional study is to find out the relationship between dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and hs-CRP level in patient with Psoriasis vulgaris. This study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015, at Yayasan Peduli Psoriasis Indonesia. As all the criterias were succeeded, 52 patients were recruited. Data were collected by interview, anthropometric's measurement, and laboratory examination. Dietary intake data of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA were determined by using food frequencies questionnaire, and food recall 3 x 24 hours method.

Mean value of subjects' age was 41.9 ± 9.21 years. The subjects consisted of 57.7% men and of 42.3% women. Nutritional status of 38.5% subjects was normal and of 61.5% was overweight. An adequate amount of energy intake was found in 82.7% subjects whereas 17.3% was inadequate. Dietary intake of omega- 3 fatty acids was adequate in 65.4% subjects whereas in 34.6% was inadequate. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA in 86.5% subjects was adequate, while in 13.5% subjects, inadequate.

The result of hs-CRP >10 mg/L was found in 9.6% subjects, 1-10 mg/L in 57.7% and <1 mg/L in 32.7% subjects. Rank Spearman correlation test of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and hs-CRP level showed weak negative significant result (r = - 0.394 and p = 0.004). The result of EPA and DHA with hs-CRP level was fair negative significant (r = - 0.499 and p = 0.000). Thus, it can be concluded that dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the form of EPA and DHA might lessen hs-CRP level in Psoriasis patient."

"Asam lemak omega-3 merupakan komponen penting pada pembentukan sel saraf, retina dan membran sel. Penelitian terakhir menunjukkan bahwa asam lemak omega-3 berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan janin. Ibu hamil dengan asupan asam lemak omega-3 yang tidak tercukupi memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Di Indonesia, angka BBLR masih tergolong tinggi. Oleh karena itu, kecukupan asam lemak omega-3 sangat penting untuk diperhatikan pada ibu hamil sejak awal kandungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecukupan asam lemak omega-3 ibu hamil di Indonesia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Subjek penelitian merupakan ibu hamil sehat dengan usia gestasi hingga 20 minggu. Kecukupan dinilai melalui pendataan asupan asam lemak omega-3, omega-6 beserta rasionya dan pemeriksaan kadar asam lemak omega-3 membran eritrosit. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan asam lemak omega-3 total subjek penelitian masih kurang akibat rendahnya rerata asupan ALA subjek, meskipun rerata asupan EPA dan DHAnya telah terpenuhi. Asupan asam lemak omega-6 total subjek telah terpenuhi, begitu pula dengan asupan LAnya, tetapi asupan AA subjek masih belum terpenuhi. Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 sebagian besar subjek masih kurang baik. Dari uji korelasi ditemukan adanya korelasi positif bermakna antara asupan EPA dengan kadar DHA (r=0,34) dan kadar EPA+DHA (r=0,38), asupan DHA dengan kadar DHA (r=0,31), asupan EPA+DHA dengan kadar DHA (r=0,34) dan kadar EPA+DHA (r=0,35). Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 ditemukan memiliki korelasi negatif bermakna dengan kadar EPA (r= ?0,34). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam lemak omega-3 ibu hamil belum tercukupi sehingga diperlukan edukasi dan screening kecukupan asupan asam lemak omega-3 bagi ibu hamil sejak awal kandungan.

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Omega-3 fatty acids are important components of neural, retinal and cell membranes. Latest findings show that omega-3 fatty acids play a role in fetal growth. Pregnant women with low intakes of omega-3 fatty acids were found to have higher risk of low birth weight (LBW). In Indonesia, LBW prevalence is still high. Thus omega-3 fatty acids sufficiency is of great importance starting early in pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine omega-3 fatty acids status of pregnant women in Indonesia. The design of the study is cross-sectional. Subjects are healthy pregnant women with gestational age up to 20 weeks pregnancy. Omega-3 fatty acids status obtained from interview on intakes of omega-3 fatty acids and level of omega-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane. The data?s then analyzed using Spearman correlation test. The study results show that total omega-3 fatty acids intakes are insufficient, due to low ALA intake, even though EPA and DHA intakes are sufficient. Intakes of total omega-6 fatty acids and LA are sufficient but AA intake is very low. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids intake is found to be higher than expected. Spearman correlation test shows significant positive correlations between intake of EPA and DHA level (r=0.34), intake of EPA and EPA+DHA level (r=0.38), intake of DHA and its level (r=0.31), intake of EPA+DHA and DHA level (r=0.35), intake of EPA+DHA and its level (r=0.34). Ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids intake is found to be significantly correlated with EPA level (r=?0.34). In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acids intake of pregnant women in Indonesia is still insufficient. Therefore, education to increase omega-3 fatty acids intake during pregnancy and screening of omega-3 fatty acids intake need to be perform early in pregnancy."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Radioterapi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar asam lemak omega-3 terhadap massa otot dan kekuatan genggam pada subjek kanker kepala leher yang mendapatkan radioterapi. Kaheksia kanker sering terjadi pada kanker kepala leher akibat peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi yang menyebabkan hipermetabolisme, peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi, anoreksia, penurunan massa otot dan berat badan. Asam lemak omega-3 berperan dalam menurunkan inflamasi, meningkatkan massa otot, dan kekuatan genggam. Dari 52 subjek yang sudah mendapatkan radioterapi ge;25 kali, 57 adalah laki-laki dengan rerata usia di atas 50 tahun. Lokasi kanker paling banyak di area nasofaring, sebagian besar sudah berada pada stadium IV dan mendapatkan kombinasi radioterapi dan kemoterapi. Sebesar 38,5 dan 32,7 subjek berada pada kategori indeks massa tubuh normal dan kurang. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran kurangnya asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan asam lemak omega-3, serta massa otot sebagian besar subjek yang tergolong kecil 28,4 4,7 , dengan kekuatan genggam sebagian besar subjek tergolong normal, dan kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma seluruh subjek yang tergolong rendah 2,5 0,8 . Data tersebut menunjukkan adanya masalah nutrisi pada pasien kanker kepala leher. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma terhadap massa otot r =0,6, p 50?60 Gy dan 50 Gy.

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This cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, aimed to investigate the correlation between omega 3 fatty acids plasma levels with muscle mass and hand grip muscle strength in subjects with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Cancer cachexia is common in head and neck cancer as a result of the increasing of proinflammatory cytokines that cause hipermetabolisme, increased nutritional needs, anorexia, decreased muscle mass and body weight. Omega 3 fatty acids play a role in reducing inflammation, as well as improving muscle mass and hand grip. There were 52 subjects who had received radiotherapy ge 25 times, 57 were male with a mean age of 50 years. Most cancer sites were at nasopharynx area, mostly in stage IV and received a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There were 38,5 of the subjects in the normal body mass index and 32,7 were in low body mass index. The data from this study showed inadequate intake of energy, protein, fat, and omega 3 fatty acids, as well as muscle mass majority was small 28,4 4,7 , with most of the hand grip classified as normal, and the plasma levels of omega 3 fatty acids all of the subjects were low 2,5 0,8 . The data showed that there were nutritional problems in patients with head and neck cancer. There was strong correlation of plasma levels of omega 3 fatty acids with muscle mass r 0,8, p 50 60 Gy and 50 Gy. "

"Seiring dengan meningkatnya prevalensi penyakit degeneratif, khususnya Penyakit Kardiovaskuler ( PKV) di Indonesia, berkembang pula pemasaran global bermacam - macam suplemen makanan. Hal yang penting diperhatikan konsumen suplemen makanan adalah memahami cara penggunaannya yang benar. Mereka perlu memperoleh petunjuk dari ahli tentang manfaat suplemen, bagaimana pengaturannya dalam makanan sehari - hari, serta perilaku sehat yang menunjang agar manfaat suplemen lebih efektif. Salah satu suplemen yang beredar di Kotamadya Bandung 1998 adalah suplemen dengan komposisi utama omega -3. Berdasarkan pengamatan, pemasaran multi level marketing (MLM) berhasil menjaring konsumen yang leas. Pada pemasaran ini konsumen memperoleh bimbingan dan konsultasi pemahaman penggunaan suplemen, dengan demikian diasumsikan bahwa konsumen memiliki pengetahuan gizi yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi pengaruh pengetahuan gizi terhadap penggunaan suplemen omega - 3, setelah dikontrol oleh faktor -pendapatan, tingkat konsumsi lemak, kebiasaan olahraga dan merokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kasus kontrol marching umur dan jenis kelamin, dengan sampel 91 pasang responden. Pengolahan data menggunakan program Epi Info 6 dan Stata 4. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan stratifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan pengetahuan gizi baik mempunyai kemungkinan 5,18 kali menggunakan suplemen omega-3 dibandingkan dengan responden dengan pengetahuan gizi kurang. Pengaruh pengetahuan ini menurun menjadi 4,24 kali setelah dikontrol oleh tingkat pendidikan . Demikian pula pengaruh pengetahuan gizi menurun dari 5,18 kali menjadi 4,71 kali setelah dikontrol oleh kebiasaan olahraga . Nampaknya cars pemasararan MLM pads lokasi penelitian, menjadi faktor penentu baiknya pengetahuan gizi responden. Pemasaran dengan MLM sebaiknya melibatkan tenaga ahli dalam operasional sehari ? hari. Hal ini merupakan salah satu perlindungan kepada konsumen, dan meningkatkan efektifitas suplemen omega - 3, serta menghindari kesan bahwa pemasaran ini hanya bersifat bisnis semata. Penyuluhan yang terns - menerus dan berkesinambungan perlu menjadi program utama pada perusahan distributor suplemen omega - 3. Efektifitas manfaat suplemen omega -3 serta studi kualitatif pads penggunaan suplemen omega-3 dapat menjadi lanjutan penelitian yang telah dilakukan.

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Effect of Nutrition Knowledge on Health Food Supplement of Omega-3 in Dislipidemia cases in the Municipality of Bandung Year 1998The Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) as one of the masnifestation of degenerative diseases tends to increase in prevalence year by year. Accordingly, there is also an improved market share of health foods. Considering that the consumers should be able to understand how to use appropriately those health foods, they should obtain accurate and adequate instructions about health foods including their advantages and disadvantages, purposes on daily consumption and healthy behavior toward effective treatment from health and nutrition specialist. One of the health foods, that has already been in the Bandung market in 1998 consisted omega-3. Based on a survey, a multi Ievel marketing ( MLM ) has been able to coup wider consumer. Through this marketing channel consumers obtained effective guidance and counseling to consume and its assumed that they obtained proper nutrition knowledge.

This research has a main purpose to obtain effect of nutrition knowledge to use health food omega-3 controlled by several confounding factors such as occupation, education, salary, level of fat consumption, exercise and smoke behavior. It used a case - control design by mathing in age and sex of 91 pair of respondents. Data were analysed through Epi-Info 6 and Stata 4. It is conducted through univariate, bivariate and stratification analyse.

Finding showed respondents who have better nutrition knowledge have 5.18 times to use omega-3 supplement compare to the low one. This effect decreased to 4.24 times after controlled by education. Furthermore, when association controlled by exercise behavior, the use of omega-3 decrease from 5.18 times to 4.71 times. As a result, sems that multi level marketing could be also a factor influencing respondents to have better nutrition knowledge.

Finally, MLM encourages people to include health and nutrition specialist in daily operational. It has also purposes of directly providing assistance and protecting consumers, increasing effective omega-3 consumption and avoiding an image profit oriented. Sustainable nutrition education, also could be a priority program in the company distributoring omega-3. Studies in efficaly of omega-3 supplement in individual and exploring the rationale on using the supplement might be done in the future."

"Latar Belakang: Omega-3 sebagai salah satu jenis asam lemak takjenuh dapat membentuk: ikatan fosfogliserida membran sekaligus menentukan fluiditasnya. Peningkatan fluiditas membran diduga dapat meningkatkan laju difusi oksigen melewati membran sehingga kecepatan akumulasi lak1at akan menurun dan respon kelelahan dapat ditunda. Hal ini ditandai dengan meningkatnya daya tahan konstraksi otot rangka selama melakukan kerja fisik. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh omega-3 suplementasi omega-3 1400mg/hari selama 8 minggu terhadap daya tahan konstraksi otot rangka selama kerja fisik intensitas sedang durasi panjang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-post intervention kontrol diri sendiri pada 10 omng pria dewasa sehat berusia 20-24 tahun. Subyek penelitian diberikan suplemen omega-3 dosis 1400 mg/hari selama 8 minggu. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar laklat datrah dan durasi kerja selama melakukan kerja fisik intensitas sedang durasi panjang pada treadmil sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Hasil: Kadar laklat darah menurun secara bermakna dari minggu 0 keminggu 8. Penurunan ini terjadi pada saat pre-exercise (p=003), pada 10 menit exercise (p=OOI),. dan saat lelah (p=003). Didapati pula adanya peningkatan nilai rerata durasi kerja fisik secara bermakna (p=0.005) dari 24.44=11.74 menit di minggu 0 menjadi 27.99±12.41 menit di minggu 8. Selain itu, terdapat respon penurunan danyut jantung yang bermakna pada saat exercise (p=003), pada 10 menit exercise (p=0.014). dan saat lelah (p=025) disertai perubaban tekanan darah yang tidalk bermakna. Kesimpulan: Penurunan kadar laktat darah secara bermakna setelah suplementasi omega-3 dengan dosis 1400 mg/hari selama 8 minggu mencerminkan perbaikan suplai oksigen di sel otot rangka. Peningkatan durasi kerja fisik yang bermakna pada penelitian ini mencerminkan peningkatan daya tahan konstraksi otot rangka yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya kemampuan sel otot rangka untuk menyediakan energi melalui metabolisme aerobik.

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Background: Omega-3 as one of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), bind to membrane glycerophospholipid and determine its fluidity. The increase of membrane fluidity is thought to improve oxygen diffusion rate through membrane and causing reduction of lactate accumulation This condition characterized by the improvement of skeletal muscle endurance during moderate activity.

Objective: Knowing the effects of 1400 mg/day omega-3 suplementation in 8 weeks on skeletal muscle endurance, during moderate physical work intensity fur non-athlete adults.

Method: Pre-post intervention design with self control is applied on this reaserach to 10 healthy males in 20-24 years of age. Omega-3 suplementation is given to subjects in 1400 mg/day fur 8 weeks. Parameters being measured are blood lactate level and physical work duration before,and after treatment. during moderate physical work intensity on treadmill.

Result: Blood lactate level significantly from week to week-3. The decrease is found a1 pre-exercise (p=Q.003), Hl minutes of exercise (p=Q.OOl), and when subjects report tiredness (p=Q.003). Then is also a significant increase (p=0.005) on mean value of physical work duration from 24. l1.74 week into 27.99±12.41 minutes in week-8. Moreover, then is a significant decrease in heart rate at pre-exercise (p9).003), 10 minutes of exercise (p=0.O14), and when subjects report tiredness (p=OJl25). This condition is accompanied by unsignificant changes of blood pressure.

Conclusion: Significant decrease of blood lactate level after 8 weeks of 1400 mg/day omega-3 suplementation reflecting improvement of oxygen supplu into skeletal muscle. Whereas significant increase of physical work duration in this research reflecting improvement of skeletal muscle endurance. This condition results from the improvement of skeletal muscle ability to supply energy through aerobic metabolism. Significant decrease of heart rate which accompanied by unsignificant changes of blood pressure in this research, reflecting improvement of heart pump capacity and providing a better oxygen supply into skeletal muscle."

"Latar Belakang : Inflamasi kronik berhubungan dengan tumor dan menyebabkan prognosis yang buruk pada pasien kanker. Salah satu penanda inflamasi yang meningkat pada tumor adalah C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Kadar CRP meningkat pada lebih dari 50% pasien keganasan. Peningkatan CRP berhubungan kuat dengan keparahan penyakit pada beberapa kanker. Salah satu zat gizi dalam inflamasi adalah asam lemak omega-3. Asam lemak omega-3 dapat meningkatkan pembentukan specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) yang berfungsi meningkatkan mediator antiinflamasi, melindungi blood brain barrier, menurunkan sitokin proinflamasi, menurunkan apoptosis neuron. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan CRP pada pasien tumor sistem saraf pusat.Metode : Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada subjek berusia 18-65 tahun di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan November hingga Desember 2023. Pengukuran CRP menggunakan metode immunoturbidimetric assay. Pengambilan asupan asam lemak omega-3 menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaires semikuantitatif. Analisis bivariat digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara variabel bebas dan terikat.Hasil : Dari total 63 subjek penelitian, sebanyak 35 subjek (55,6%) pada kelompok asupan asam lemak omega-3 < 2 g/hari dan 28 subjek (44,4%) pada kelompok asupan asam lemak omega-3 ≥ 2 g/hari. Nilai median CRP 8,3 (0,6 – 71,5) mg/L. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p = 0,714) antara asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan CRP pada pasien tumor sistem saraf pusat.Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan CRP pada pasien tumor sistem saraf pusat.

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Background: Chronic inflammation is associated with tumors and causes poor prognosis in tumor patients. One of the inflammatory markers that increase in tumors is C-Reactive Protein (CRP). CRP levels are elevated in more than 50% of patients with malignancies. Elevated CRP is associated with disease severity in some cancers. One of the nutrients in inflammation is omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids can increase the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) which function to increase anti-inflammatory mediators, protect the blood brain barrier, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce neuron apoptosis. This study aims to assess the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and CRP in patients with central nervous system tumors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects aged 18-65 years at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from November to December 2023. CRP measurement using immunoturbidimetric assay method. Omega-3 fatty acid intake was collected using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Results: From the total 63 research subjects, 35 subjects (55,6%) in the omega-3 fatty acid intake group < 2 g/day and 28 subjects (44,4%) in the omega-3 fatty acid intake group ≥ 2 g/day. The median CRP value was 8.3 (0.6 - 71.5) mg/L. There was no significant relationship (p = 0,714) between omega-3 fatty acid intake and CRP in patients with central nervous system tumors.

Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and CRP in patients with central nervous system tumors."