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"Smile is a non-verbal communication to express spontaneous feelings and emotions. Most patients that come to have orthodontic treatments want to have an attractive smile, but before the treatment smile has not yet been studied. There are eight components to make ideal frontal smile: lip line, smile arc, upper lip curve, buccal corridor, symmetry of smile, occlusal plane, dental and gingival components. This study was descriptive in design, in order to obtain frontal smile description beforeorthodontic treatment of RSGMP FKG UI patients that were grouped according to facial form, age, and gender. The results of the study show that patient smile before orthodontic treatment frequently exhibits medium lip line and the mean of incisor display at 75% of clinical crown. Most subjects show gingival display of 2 mm or less. On the smile arc, the most common features are straight smile and consonant smile. Equally common smile arc positions are those touching and not touching lower lip. The average buccal corridor is in medium smile, and thus most subjects have straight upper lip curves and symmetric smiles."

"Facial esthetics, makes profound contribution to a person's decision to seek orthodontic treatment. Smile is one of the facial esthetics important part, because it can express someone's emotion and very useful in their social life. In contemporary orthodontic paradigm, the soft tissue and skeletal structures are considered in diagnosis and treatment planning. This new paradigm has shifted the diagnostics focused in occlusion and profile as the only esthetic consideration. Smile evaluation also gives the operator more information in orthodontic treatment planning. In the previous studies after orthodontic treatment the patients smile were less esthetics than the before treatment's smile. But the other study said that patients smile has more esthetics after orthodontic treatments. This descriptive study was conducted to evaluate post orthodontic patient's smiles. 44 patients close-up smile photographs were taken frontally and analyzed using Ackerman Smile Mesh. Most of the patients had class I malocclusion and treated orthodontically with permanent teeth extractions. This study showed that post-orthodontic patient's smile esthetics we're good. After orthodontic treatment, 79.5% patient had upper incisor edges curve parallel with lower lips curve, or consonant smile arc. Their smile also showed more than three quarter upper incisor crown or the incisor displays were more than 75%. No patients showed gummy smile. The dark area at the corner of the lips or the buccal corridor showed average smile were medium smile, not broad nor narrow smile. This study enable to give more information about smile as one important part in treatment consideration."

"ABSTRAKWajah yang asimetri mempengaruhi daya tarik seseorang. Oleh karena itu, gambaran asimetri wajah berdasarkan komponen skeletal dan dental penting untuk diketahui terkait diagnosis dan rencana perawatan ortodonti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran asimetri wajah berdasarkan komponen skeletal dan dental pada pasien di klinik ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan 46 hasil penapakan sefalometri postero-anterior pasien pria berumur > 14 tahun 4,2 bulan dan pasien wanita berumur > 11 tahun 6,24 bulan dengan menggunakan analisis Grummon. Diperoleh proporsi arah asimetri berdasarkan deviasi menton, garis tengah gigi rahang bawah dan atas yang terdiri dari 27 sampel 58,7 dengan arah asimetri lebih condong ke sisi kiri sedangkan 19 sampel 41,3 dengan asimetri lebih condong ke sisi kanan. Komponen skeletal yang ditemukan dalam arah vertikal memiliki nilai selisih rerata yang lebih besar dibandingkan dalam arah transversal. Garis tengah gigi rahang bawah memiliki nilai selisih rerata lebih besar dibandingkan atas. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan gambaran arah asimetri wajah pada pasien klinik ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI memiliki proporsi lebih besar ke kiri dibandingkan ke kanan dengan komponen skeletal dalam arah vertikal lebih besar dibandingkan arah tranversal. Sedangkan pada arah transversal diperoleh wajah sisi kiri lebih besar dibandingkan sisi kanan. Selain itu, asimetri dental lebih sering terjadi pada garis tengah gigi rahang bawah dibandingkan atas.Kata Kunci: Asimetri wajah, skeletal, dental, sefalometri postero-anterior, Analisis Grummon

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ABSTRACTFacial asymmetry affects people rsquo s attractiveness. Therefore, it is important to know facial asymmetry based on the skeletal and dental components regarding the diagnosis and treatment plan. This study is to describe facial asymmetry based on skeletal and dental components in patients at orthodontic specialist clinic of RSKGM FKG UI. It is descriptive using secondary data from the tracing of postero anterior cephalograms of patients aged 14 years 4.2 months for male and 11 years 6.24 months for female with Grummon rsquo s Analysis. This study showed the proportion of asymmetric direction based on menton, maxillary midline, and mandibular midline deviation consist of 27 samples 58.7 tend to the left side while 19 samples 41.3 tend to the right side. The skeletal component found in vertical direction has a larger mean value difference than in transverse direction. The mean value difference is greater in the midline of mandibular teeth than the maxillary teeth. In conclusion, the proportion of facial asymmetry direction in patient at orthodontic specialist clinic of RSKGM FKG UI is greater to the left side than to the right side with skeletal component in greater vertical direction than transverse direction. While in transverse direction, it is obtained that left side of the face is greater than the right side. In addition, dental asymmetry is more common in the midline of mandibular teeth than maxillary teeth.Keywords facial asymmetry, skeletal, dental, postero anterior cephalometric, Grummon rsquo s Analysis"

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Sejalan dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya penampilan yang baik, semakin banyak orang yang membutuhkan jasa dokter gigi untuk memperbaiki kondisi estetika gigi geliginya yang menunjang estetika penampilan secara umum. Terdapat beberapa konsep dalam estetika kedokteran gigi seperti golden proportion & golden percentage. Konsep golden proportion merupakan panduan yang pertama dikenal dalam estetika kedokteran gigi khususnya penentuan proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior atas tampilan frontal. Namun golden proportion memiliki beberapa kelemahan, sehingga dikembangkan konsep alternatif, salah satunya adalah konsep golden percentage yang menyatakan bahwa proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior atas yang estetis adalah 10%, 15%, 25%, 25%, 15%, 10%. Konsep golden percentage dianggap lebih mudah diterapkan di masyarakat. Belum diketahui apakah proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior atas kelompok Deutro Melayu di Indonesia sesuai dengan konsep golden percentage. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior mahasiswa FKG UI ras Deutro Melayu sekaligus untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat kesesuaian konsep golden percentage dengan proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior yang diperoleh. Bahan dan metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang melibatkan 100 mahasiswa (10 pria, 90 wanita) FKG UI ras Deutro Melayu. Subjek mengisi lembar Orofacial Esthetic Scale dan dilakukan pencetakan rahang atas. Lebar mesiodistal gigi geligi anterior atas tampilan frontal pada model studi diproyeksikan pada kertas milimeter dan hasil proyeksinya diukur. Analisis data menggunakan piranti lunak SPSS 18. Hasil: Proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior yang diperoleh adalah 12%, 16%, 22%, 22%, 16%, 12%. Berdasarkan data persepsi estetika menggunakan Orofacial Esthetic Scale, proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior dianggap memuaskan oleh 99% subjek. Kesimpulan: Proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior mahasiswa FKG UI ras Deutro Melayu memiliki nilai tertentu yang tidak sesuai dengan konsep golden percentage. Walaupun demikian, secara umum proporsi lebar gigi geligi anterior subjek dianggap memuaskan.

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Background and objectives: An increased need of beautiful smile and teeth which support appearance that will be more esthetically pleasing is found. Many concepts have been proposed as a guideline in esthetic dentistry, such as golden proportion and golden percentage. Golden proportion is the first concept accepted as a guideline in esthetic dentistry, especially in the proportion of the frontal widths of maxillary anterior teeth. But, golden proportion has weaknesses, therefore alternative concepts have been formulated, one of which is golden percentage. According to golden percentage, the proportion of the frontal widths of maxillary anterior tooth should be 10%, 15%, 25%, 25%, 15%, 10%. Golden percentage is more applicable to the population. It is not known whether the proportion of the widths of maxillary anterior teeth among Deutro Melayu population in Indonesia is the same as golden percentage. The aim of this study was to know the proportion of the widths of maxillary anterior teeth among FKG UI students of Deutro Melayu origin and to find out whether the proportion of the widths of maxillary anterior teeth of the subjects is the same as golden percentage.

Materials and methods: Descriptive study involving 100 FKG UI students (10 males, 90 females) of Deutro Melayu origin was made. Subjects filled questionnaire of Orofacial Esthetic Scale and study models from maxillary impression of the subjects were made. The frontal widths of maxillary anterior teeth were projected on milimeter block and measured. Data was tabulated and analized using SPSS 18.0.

Results: The proportion of the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth of the subjects were 12%, 16%, 22%, 22%, 16%, 12%. Based on Orofacial Esthetic Scale scores, this proportion was accepted esthetically by 99% of the subjects.

Conclusion: The widths of the maxillary anterior teeth among FKG UI students of Deutro Melayu origin showed a specific proportion which is not the same as golden percentage. However, this proportion was generally accepted esthetically by subjects."

"Latar Belakang: Kooperasi pasien merupakan faktor yang penting dalam perawatan ortodonti. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran tingkat kooperasi pasien ortodonti cekat di klinik spesialis ortodonti RSGMP FKG UI.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada 94 pasien ortodonti cekat di klinik spesialis ortodonti RSGMP FKG UI yang sudah dirawat selama paling sedikit 12 bulan. Pasien diminta mengisi kuesioner tentang tingkat kooperasi yang digambarkan melalui frekuensi kontrol rutin.Hasil: 43,6% pasien tergolong kooperatif, 43,6% pasien tergolong cukup kooperatif, 7,4% pasien tergolong tidak kooperatif, dan 5,3% pasien tergolong sangat tidak kooperatif.Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pasien ortodonti cekat di RSGMP FKG UI tergolong kooperatif dan cukup kooperatif.

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Background: Patient's cooperation is important in determining the result of orthodontic treatment.Objective: To understand the cooperation level of patients with fixed orthodontic treatment in Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic at RSGM-P FKG UI.Methods: A descriptive study of 94 patients with fixed orthodontic treatment treated for at least 12 months. They're asked to fill a questionnaire about cooperation predicted by frequency of miss-appointment.Results: 43.6% patients are cooperative, 43.6% patients are cooperative-enough, 7.4% patients are non-cooperative, and 5.3% patients are very non-cooperative.Conclusion: Majority of patients with fixed orthodontic treatment in Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic at RSGM-P FKG UI are cooperative and cooperative-enough."

"At the end of treatment with extraction, it is often found root paralleling problem on upper second insicive, lower premolar and adjacent teeth of extraction. This caused by failure of angulation correction on finishing stage. Objective : To describe whether any differences in angulation of teeth after treatment with extraction and without extraction of patients treated in Orthodontic Clinic, RSGM FKGUI. Material and methods : The angulation measurement is doneby using Ursi methode on panoramic radigraphic. Result : Based on independent t test analysis, there were a significant differences (p<0.05) between tooth angulation after orthodontic treatmentwith extraction and without extraction on upper right second premolar and upper left canine, also on lower right canine and lower left second premolar, whereas there are no difference. Conclusion : It appeared that, tooth angulation after orthodontic treatment has a significant differences between extraction case and non extraction case (adjacent teeth of extraction). Panoramic radiograph required before finishing stage to evaluate tooth angulation and root parallelism for increasestability after orthodontic treatment."

"Latar Belakang: Dental Aesthetic Index DAI merupakan indeks untuk melihat kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti dengan menilai komponen klinis dan estetik. Indeks ini memberikan penjelasan secara objektif mengenai kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti melalui 10 komponen penilaian. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan DAI pada pasien di Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2010 ndash; 2014. Bahan dan Metode: Digunakan 52 pasang model studi awal pasien ortodonti. Dilakukan penilaian DAI dengan melibatkan 10 komponen. Hasil penilaian berupa skor dibagi menjadi 4 kategori. Kategori 1 yaitu tidak/sedikit dibutuhkan perawatan, kategori 2 yaitu dapat dilakukan perawatan sesuai pilihan pasien, kategori 3 yaitu sangat membutuhkan perawatan, dan kategori 4 yaitu harus dilakukan perawatan. Hasil: Diperoleh gambaran kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti yaitu kategori 3 36,5 , kategori 4 32,7 , kategori 2 25 , dan dan kategori 1 5,8 . Gambaran permasalahan yang banyak ditemukan yaitu ketidakteraturan gigi anterior RB 96,2 dan RA 94,2 , overjet tidak normal 81 , dan hubungan molar tidak normal 76,9. Kesimpulan: Gambaran kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan DAI pada pasien di Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2010-2014 sebagian besar sangat membutuhkan perawatan 36,5 . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang datang sebagian besar adalah membutuhkan perawatan dan sesuai dengan hasil penilaian DAI pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Dental Aesthetic Index is an index to see the orthodontic treatment need by assessing clinical and aesthetic component. This index objectively explains the orthodontic treatment needs based on 10 components of assessment.

Purpose: To identify the description of orthodontic treatment need based on DAI on patients from orthodontic specialist clinic of RSKGM FKG UI in 2010 2014.

Materials and Method: 52 pairs of pre treatment orthodontic study models were used. The assessment was based on DAI by involving 10 components. Assessment results in scores and categorized into 4 category. Category 1 is no slight treatment need, category 2 is elective treatment need, category 3 is highly desirable of treatment need, and category 4 is mandatory treatment need.

Result: The description of orthodontic treatment need are, category 3 36,5 , category 4 32,7 , category 2 25 , and category 1 5,8 . The description of problems that were found are mandibular anterior irregularity 96,2 , maxillary anterior irregularity 94,2 , abnormal anterior overjet 81 , and abnormal molar relationship 76,9.

Conclusion: The orthodontic treatment need based on DAI on patients from orthodontic specialist clinic of RSKGM FKG UI are mostly patients who need treatment as highly desirable 36,5 . This result shows that the patients who came were mostly patients who need the treatment, and in accordance with the result of DAI assessment in this study."

"Kompleksitas maloklusi seperti ketidakteraturan gigi anterior menjadi salah satu hal penting dalam menentukan hasil perawatan dengan alat ortodonti lepas. Indeks iregularitas Little merupakan indeks yang digunakan untuk menilai perubahan susunan gigi anterior. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui gambaran kompleksitas maloklusi terutama ketidakteraturan gigi anterior dan hasil perawatan dengan alat ortodonti lepas di Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI menggunakan indeks iregularitas Little. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan sampel berupa 47 cetakan model gigi pasien sebelum dan setelah perawatan dengan alat ortodonti lepas di Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI yang dirawat dalam periode 2013-2017 diukur menggunakan indeks iregularitas Little. Hasil: Pasien yang paling banyak datang untuk melakukan perawatan dengan alat ortodonti lepas memiliki kondisi ketidakteraturan gigi anterior berupa ketidakteraturan minimal dan ketidakteraturan sedang, setelah dilakukan perawatan terdapat perubahan kondisi gigi anterior pasien menjadi tidak ada ketidakteraturan dan ketidakteraturan minimal serta tidak ditemukan lagi pasien dengan kondisi ketidakteraturan berat. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbaikan kondisi gigi anterior pasien pada rahang atas dan rahang bawah setelah dilakukan perawatan dengan alat ortodonti lepas yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa profesi di Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2013-2017, sehingga perawatan dapat dinyatakan baik dan sesuai dengan indikasi perawatan serta fungsi alat ortodonti lepas.

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The complexity of malocclusion such as anterior teeth irregularity had become one of the important things to determine the outcome of removable orthodontic appliance treatment. Little's irregularity index is an index used to assess the change of anterior teeth alignment.

Aim: To determine the complexity of malocclusion especially the irregularity of anterior teeth and the outcome of removable orthodontic appliance treatment at RSKGM FKG UI Integration Clinic patients using the Little's irregularity index.

Method: This study is a descriptive study with a sample of 47 pretreatment and post treatment patient's study model at RSKGM FKG UI Integration Clinic patients which are treated within the period 2013 2017 measured using Little's Irregularity Index.

Result: Most patients who came to seek treatment using a removable orthodontic appliance had an anterior teeth irregularity of minimal and moderate irregularity, and there were changes in anterior teeth region after treatment to no irregularity and minimal irregularity and none of the patients with severe irregularity.

Conclusion: There's improvement of the anterior teeth condition of the patient on the maxilla and mandible jaw after treatment with removable orthodontic appliance performed by clinical students at RSKGM FKG UI Integration Clinic in 2013 2017, so that the treatment can be stated good and in accordance with the indication of treatment and the function of removable orthodontic appliance."

"Pengetahuan masyarakat yang semakin meningkat membuat masyarakat memberikan perhatian lebih dalam hal estetika gigi. Konsep proporsi terbaru yang digunakan sebagai panduan estetika di Negara Barat adalah Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion oleh Daniel Ward. Untuk mengetahui apakah konsep Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion dapat diterapkan pada ras Deutro Melayu, dilakukan pencetakan rahang atas, pengukuran lebar mesio distal dan tinggi gigi anterior rahang atas tampak frontal, kemudian penghitungan proporsi lebar gigi anterior rahang atas pada mahasiswa FKG UI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion tidak dapat diterapkan pada ras Deutro Melayu karena proporsi RED yang ditemukan berbeda.

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The increasing of public knowledge makes people give more attention to dental esthetics. The new concept that used as esthetics guide in Western countries is Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion by Daniel Ward. To determine whether this concept can be applied to Deutro Melayu Race, maxillary impression was taken, mesio distal width and height of the anterior teeth looked frontal were measured, then width proportions of the anterior teeth were calculated among dental students at University of Indonesia. The result showed that the concept of RED proportion can’t be applied to Deutro Melayu race because RED proportions found were different."

"ABSTRAKPencabutan gigi untuk keperluan perawatan ortodonti telah menjadi perdebatan selama bertahun-tahun. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka telah dilakukan studi pendahuluan untuk melihat "Kecenderungan perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan gigi ditinjau dari faktor usia, jenis kelamin dan maloklusi " pada pasien ortodonti di Jakarta periode tahun 1993 - 1995.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan cenderung meningkat pada periode tersebut, meskipun prosentasenya masih dalam rentangan 25 % - 85 % . Pasien perempuan jumlahnya lebih banyak daripada laki-laki. Pada penelitian ini terlihat bahwa kelompok umur 13-17 tahun adalah yang terbanyak mendapat perawatan ortodonti dan maloklusi yang terbanyak dijumpai adalah maloklusi klas I .Angka prevalensi dan data-data yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa pencabutan cukup sering menjadi pilihan dalam melakukan perawatan ortodonti, meskipun pasien masih berusia muda dan maloklusi bersifat dental."