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"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that effects oral mucous membranes with a variety of clinical presentations including reticular, atrophic, plaque and ulcerative lesions. Corticosteroid is one of the effective therapy for OLP in reducing the sign and symptoms of this disease, but this therapy have a serious side effect, therefore to administering one must consider the patient?s systemic condition. We reported a case of OLP in 52 years old female patient who has no history of diabetes mellitus and unknown glucose level. Management of this patient included application of corticosteroid swish, topical 0.05% clobetasol propionate and 0,1% triamcinolone acetonide, antimycotics, improvement the oral hygiene status and referral to internal medicine specialist. The next treatments plan challenging because unstable blood glucose level which in turn effects the drug choice and teeth extraction plan. We concluded that the treatment of OLP requires a complete assessment of medical status and lab studies specially on the first visit so the drug selection with corticosteroid therapy and the treatment planning of predisposing factor are effective in reducing the sign and symptoms of OLP with minimum systemic side effect."

"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the oral mucous membranes with a variety of clinical presentations, including reticular, atrophic (desquamative gingivitis) and ulcrative lesions. Treatment aims primarily to reduce the length and severity of symptomatic outbreaks. We report a case of OLP in 53 years old female patient with hypertension as underlying disease. The patient had been treated with nifedipine and reserpine for twelve years. Management of the patient included the application of 0.05% clobetasol propionate in a custom tray for erosive gingival lesions, nutritional supplementation, oral hygiene promotion and consultation to internal medicine specialist. The improvement of OLP requires a complete assessment of the medical status and elimination of local exacerbating factors. Systemic drug therapy is needed if OLP is suspected as the cause of oral lichenoid lesion. Changing to other drug regimes may also become necessary for improved immune status."

"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a rather common oral disease, mainly affecting adults, occurring more often in women than in men. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear. The diagnosis may be cumbersome, even in the presence of a biopsy. In addition, there are several lesions that may resemble lichen planus (lichenoid lesions) both clinicallyand histopathologically. Treatment of OLP can only be symptomatic and usually consists of topical application of corticosteroids. The disease is characterized by remissions and exacerbations and may persist in some patients lifelong. There is an ongoing debate in the literature as whether OLP is a potentially malignant disease. Because of this uncertainty, annual follow-up is advised."

"Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that effects the skin and mucous membrane of squamous cell origin. Oral Lichen Planus can occur without the skin lesion and there are six types of the oral lesion, erosive, atrophic, bulla, papular, plaque like and retiqular. This disease can be caused by several factor, among them are antihypertensive drugs and emotional stress. In this case report we present a 43 years old female patient who suffered from several types of oral lichen planus that induced by ramipril, an antihypertensive drug, and emotional stress. There were some progressions after the drug was discontinued but the disease was worsening when emotional stress occured. The severity of the disease can be controlled by the use of topical corticosteroid and multivitamins."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 22-24Lichen planus is relatively common inflamatory disorder which may have cutaneous and/or mucosal manifestation. The maglinant potential of oral lichen planus is still debatable. Some authors are sceptical about the premaglinant nature of the disease, while other investigators have reporterd that maglinant transformation occur in 1-10% of the cases. The aim of this study is to report a case of erosive oral lichen planus which shows maglinant transformation on histopatologic examination. A man of 39 years old visited the Dental Departement of Kariadi's Hospital with pain symptom of palatum, buccal and gingival mucosa both side for 6 months. On the physical examination shows the white lesions with striae configuration and pain, red erosive area inside on the palatum extends to the buccal mucosa and the gingival. The suspect dignose is erosive lichen planus, but the histopathologic examination shows epidermoid carcinoma. lt is concluded that erosive oral lichen planus has the potential to transform into epidermoid carcinoma."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 353-357Oral squamous cell carcinoma represents more than 90% of all oral cancers. Ten percent of the cases are found on the buccal mucosa and the gingiva. The World Health Organization defines a premalignant or precancerous lesion as a morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely occur and includes oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, and possibly oral lichen planus (OLP). The purpose of this study was to discuss the possibility of malignant transformation of OLP. The potency of OLP as a premalignant lesion is still an ongoing controversial discussion in the literature. The report a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma located on the left buccal mucosa accompanied by oral lichenoid lesions on the right buccal mucosa, lower labial mucosa, and left buccal mucosa. These findings led to a possibility of malignant transformation of the oral lichenoid lesions. Unfortunately, biopsy on the lichenoid lesions was not performed. Therefore, a definitive diagnosis of OLP could be established and the possibility of the lesions being dysplastic remained unclear. This study concluded that biopsy is mandatory to establish a definitive diagnosis of OLP and to investigate the possibility of dysplasia. It is necessary to perform examination of genetic alterations in dysplastic OLP in order to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH), which may help to consider the risk of malignant transformation."

"Kepatuhan dalam menjalani terapi antidiabetes oral dibutuhkan untuk keberhasilan pengobatan Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi kepada pasien adalah dasar untuk mewujudkan kepatuhan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang terapi antidiabetes oral dengan kepatuhan dalam menjalani terapi pada pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional/potong lintang dengan mewawancarai responden berdasarkan kuisioner yang disusun. Responden adalah 96 pasien DM tipe 2 di Poliklinik Interna RSU PMI Bogor yang berusia 40 tahun ke atas dan telah menjalani terapi antidiabetes oral sedikitnya selama enam bulan. Informasi yang diperoleh yaitu tentang karakteristik, tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2 dalam menjalani terapi antidiabetes oral. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode statistik Kai-kuadrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang terapi antidiabetes oral dengan kepatuhan dalam menjalani terapi pada pasien DM tipe 2.Adherence to antidiabetic oral therapy to be required for successful treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Studies have shown that education is a cornerstone for establishing adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to carry out the correlation between level of knowledge about antidiabetic oral therapy and level of adherence to antidiabetic oral therapy in pasients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This research used cross-sectional study design with interview respondents based on questionaire. Respondents were ninety-six type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the interna clinic of RSU PMI Bogor at age more than 40 years and have been carrying out antidiabetic oral therapy at last six months. Informations which were gotten characteristic, level of knowledge about antidiabetic oral therapy and level of adherence. Data was analyzed by using Chi-Square statistic method. The result showed that there was significant correlation between level of knowledge about antidiabetic oral therapy and level of adherence to antidiabetic oral therapy."

"Pengetahuan dan pemahaman dari pasien-pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 tentang penyakit dan pengobatannya adalah faktor penting untuk mempengaruhi kepatuhan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi kepada pasien adalah dasar untuk mewujudkan kepatuhan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang terapi antidiabetes oral dengan kepatuhan dalam menjalani terapi pada pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain crosssectional/ potong lintang dengan mewawancarai responden berdasarkan kuisioner yang disusun. Responden adalah 96 pasien DM tipe 2 di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSCM Jakarta yang berusia 40 tahun ke atas dan telah menjalani terapi antidiabetes oral sedikitnya selama tiga bulan. Informasi yang diperoleh yaitu tentang karakteristik, tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2 dalam menjalani terapi antidiabetes oral. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode statistik Kai-kuadrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang terapi antidiabetes oral dengan kepatuhan dalam menjalani terapi pada pasien DM tipe 2.Knowledge and comprehension of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus about their disease and treatment are important factor to influence adherence. Whereas, adherence to antidiabetic oral therapy to be required for successful treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Studies have shown that education is a cornerstone for establishing adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to carry out the correlation between level of knowledge about antidiabetic oral therapy and level of adherence to antidiabetic oral therapy in pasients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This research used cross-sectional study design with interview respondents based on questionaire. Respondents were ninety-six type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the interna clinic of RSCM Jakarta at age more than 40 years and have been carrying out antidiabetic oral therapy at last three months. Informations which were gotten characteristic, level of knowledge about antidiabetic oral therapy and level of adherence. Data was analyzed by using Chi-Square statistic method. The result showed that there was significant correlation between level of knowledge about antidiabetic oral therapy and level of adherence to antidiabetic oral therapy."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pencapaian target glikemik pada pasien DM tipe2 yang masih rendah khususnya di Indonesia mengakibatkan berbagai komplikasi termasuk gangguan fungsi kognitif.. Padahal untuk menerapkan manajemen mandiri pada pasien DM, dibutuhkan fungsi kognitif yang kompleks. Pada berbagai penyakit kronis, fungsi kognitif khususnya domain memori yang buruk telah dihubungkan dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat. Meskipun demikian, belum ada studi yang mencari hubungan keduanya pada pasien DM tipe 2.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien DM tipe 2Metodologi: Desain studi ini adalah potong lintang terhadap 96 subjek penelitian dengan DM tipe 2 berusia >18 tahun di unit rawat jalan RSUD Tebet. Karakteristik demografi, parameter klinis, penilaian fungsi kognitif, dan kepatuhan penggunaan obat didokumentasikan secara lengkap. Penilaian fungsi kognitif menggunakan Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Penilaian kepatuhan penggunaan obat dinilai menggunakan penghitungan pil. Studi ini menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi dan proporsi, analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square.Hasil: Terdapat 69,8% subjek penelitian dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan faktor tingkat pendidikan sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi. Analisa mendapatkan kejadian penurunan fungsi domain memori 96,9%;, eksekutif 78%, visuospasial 78%; atensi 30%; bahasa 26%; dan orientasi 4,2%. Ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat didapatkan pada 26% subjek penelitian. Analisa bivariat tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat (OR 0,757 95% CI [0,280-2,051] p=0,58).Kesimpulan: Gangguan fungsi kognitif didapatkan pada 69,8% pasien DM tipe 2, dan ketidakpatuhan ditemukan pada 26% pasien. Tidak ada hubungan yang didapatkan antara gangguan fungsi kognitif dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien DM tipe 2

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ABSTRACTBackground: Poor glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, especially in Indonesia, results in a variety of complications including a cognitive impairment. In fact, to implement self-management in DM patients, intact cognitive function is necessary. In a variety of chronic diseases, cognitive impairment, especially the memory domain has been associated with medication nonadherence. Nonetheless, no studies have looked for the relationship between the two in type 2 DM patientsObjective: This study aims to determine the relationship of cognitive impairment with medication nonadherence in type 2 DM patients.Methodology: The design of this study was cross-sectional with 96 study subjects with type 2 DM, > 18 years old in the outpatient unit at RSUD Tebet. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, cognitive function assessment, and medication adherence use were fully documented. Cognitive function assessed with the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina). Medication adherence was assessed using pill count. This study uses the analysis of frequency and proportions distribution, and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test.Results: There were 69.8% of the research subjects with cognitive impairment with education level as an associated factor. Analysis of the occurrence of impairment of the function of memory domain 96.9%; executive 78%, visuospatial 78%; attention 30%; language 26%; and 4.2% orientation. Oraal medication nonadherence was found in 26% of the study subjects. Bivariate analysis did not show an association between cognitive impairment and medication nonadherence (OR 0.757 95% CI [0.280-2.051] p=0.58).Conclusion: Cognitive impairment was found in 69.8% Type 2 DM patients, and medication nonadherence was found in 26% patients. Cognitive impairment was not associated with medication nonadherence in type 2 DM patients."

"Latar Belakang: Perubahan genetik pada p53 menyebabkan imortalisasi dan kecenderungan sel bertransformasi menjadi neoplasma. Imortalisasi ini berhubungan dengan pemeliharaan panjang telomer oleh telomerase. hTERT adalah komponen kunci telomerase yang aktivitasnya ditekan oleh p53.Tujuan: Menganalisis profil protein hTERT pada sel galur KSSRM HSC-3 dan HSC-4 serta jaringan mukosa mulut normal. Metode: Profil protein hTERT dianalisis menggunakan teknik SDS-PAGE dan Gel Doc, Quantity One.Hasil: Protein hTERT diekspresikan oleh sel galur KSSRM mulut tipe HSC 3 dan HSC 4 serta 2 dari 17 sampel protein jaringan mukosa mulut normal.Simpulan: Protein hTERT yang diekspresikan oleh sel galur KSSRM berhubungan dengan kondisi mutan p53. Adanya ekspresi protein hTERT pada jaringan mukosa mulut normal diperkirakan karena adanya sel keratinosit dan infiltrasi sel hematopoietik.

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Backround: Genetic alteration on p53 allows cellular immortalization and predisposes cells to neoplastic transformation. This immortalization is related to telomere length maintenance by telomerase. hTERT is a key component of telomerase, which activity is suppressed by p53.Objectives: To analyze the hTERT protein profile in HSC-3 and HSC-4 OSCC cell lines and normal human oral mucosa tissue. Methods: SDS-PAGE and Gel Doc, Quantity One were used for analyzing hTERT protein profile.Results: hTERT protein expressed in HSC-3 and HSC-4 OSCC cell lines and 2/17 protein samples of normal human oral mucosal tissues.Conclusion: hTERT protein that was expressed by OSCC cell lines is related to their status of mutant p53. The existing of hTERT protein on normal human oral mucosas tissue may be caused by keratinocyte cells and infiltrated hemapoietic cells."