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"Artikel ini merupakan hasil investigasi dan kumpulan tesis penulis dari mahasiswa pasca sarjana yang dibimbing oleh penulis sendiri. Artikel ini dimaksudkan sebagai masukan bagi para ahli pertambangan untukmelakukan yang terbaik dalam aktivitas pertambangannya sebagai insinyur profesional, para teknisi, inspektur tambang, tim audit, dsb dari sudut pandang lingkungan-ekonomi-teknologi-sosial-geopolitik. Isi artikel ini menyertakan materi arus aktivitas siklus pertambangan, di antara ekonomi makro lainnya yang terdiri dari beberapa model ekonomi makro yang cukup baik termasuk model input-output dan penggandaan ekonomi dan link, analisis keuntungan biaya, analisis sistem bagi, pendapatan sosial jaringan, dll, selain beberapa modelekonomi mikro dan implementasinya pada perusahaan tambang dan perkembangan wilayah di Indonesia."

"The success of Indonesian mining industry cannot be separated from the effort to improve mining policies which has attracted considerable number of foreign investment. Further improvement is required to accommodate future exploration and mining to be able to meet both national and investor interest. In the future, mineral exploration in Indonesia will be influenced by tighter space arrangement regulation. It is therefore recommended that people from mining industry could intensify exploration as well as mining development without damaging the environment. Besides that, they should be able to maintain important mineralized areas as mining areas."

"[ABSTRAKPertambangan mineral dan batuan merupakan salah satu sektor strategis dalam perekonomian dunia. Nilai guna yang tinggi serta diharuskannya suatu perusahaan tambang untuk menetap dalan jangka waktu yang lama di dalam wilayah suatu negara menjadikan sektor ini menjadi sangat strategis baik secara ekonomi maupun politik. Sektor pertambangan mineral dan batuan seperti layaknya pertambangan migas, umumnya masih dikuasai oleh MNCs dan perusahaan pertambangan dari negara maju, sementara sumber daya mineral dan batuan mayoritas berada pada negara berkembang yang miskin teknologi. Hal ini menciptakan suatu kondisi dimana negara berkembang sering merasa dirugikan dengan kondisi dimana mereka hanya dapat memproduksi barang tambang mentah dan diharuskan membeli kembali hasil olahan dari barang tambang mentah yang berasal dari negara mereka. Hal ini pula yang membuat banyak negara berkembang mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bercorak resource nationalism guna mengejar kepentingan ekonomi maupun kepentingan politik.Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil komoditas tambang mineral dan batuan yang cukup besar. Sedikitnya dua puluh komoditas tambang mineral dan batuan diproduksi oleh Indonesia. Namun sebagaimana negara berkembang lain, sektor pertambangan mineral dan Batuan Indonesia masih didominasi oleh MNCs dan perusahaan pertambangan Asing. Hal yang mengejutkan kemudian dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dimana pada periode tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2014, pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bercorak resource nationalism. Pergeseran kebijakan ini menjadi suatu hal yang menarik dimana sebelumnya kebijakan di sektor tersebut cenderung bercorak liberalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dilakukannya pergeseran kebijakan di sektor pertambangan mineral dan batuan Indonesia menuju penerapan prinsip-prinsip resource nationalism pada periode tersebut.

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ABSTARCTMineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period;Mineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period, Mineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period]"

"Dalam penelitian ini, modifikasi nanostruktur titanium dioksida (TiO₂) dengan menggunakan mineral ilmenit (FeTiO₃) sebagai prekursor alam melalui proses ekstraksi hidrometalurgi, hidrolisis, hidrotermal dan pasca-hidrotermal dikaji. Studi ini mencakup perbandingan modifikasi nanostruktur titanium dioksida dari sintesis (residu ilmenit), komersial (P-25 Degussa) dan hasil ekstraksi ilmenit (titanium oxosulfat) dengan proses perlakuan yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengolahan mineral ilmenit berupa residu dan filtrat (titanium oxosulfat) dapat digunakan sebagai prekusor alternatif untuk memodifikasi nanostruktur titanium dioksida. Analisis struktur mikro berupa morfologi menunjukkan bahwa precursor dari residu ilmenit hanya dapat membentuk nanostruktur berupa nanosheet TiO₂ sedangkan prekursor dari titanium oxosulfat dapat membentuk nanotube TiO₂ dengan struktur tube dapat terjaga sama seperti struktur tube yang dibentuk dari prekursor komersial. Hasil analisis struktur kristal bahwa ketika residu dan titanium oxosulfat tersebut dilakukan melalui proses hidrotermal dan pasca-hidrotermal maka fase yang diperoleh anatase TiO₂, natrium titanat dan fase Fe₂O₃. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa masih adanya pengotor (Fe) dalam nanostruktur TiO₂. Lebih lanjut, peningkatan temperatur proses hidrotermal hingga 150°C mendorong peningkatan kristalinitas TiO₂ dari 19,19 menjadi 25,75 nm, seiring dengan peningkatan kristalinitas TiO₂ menyebabkan energi celah pita menurun dari 3,11 menjadi 3,02 eV mendekati energi ruah TiO₂. Hasil perubahan mulai dari morfologi nanopartikel menjadi nanotube TiO₂ dengan struktur tube yang terjaga, kristalinitas yang tinggi dan sifat optik yaitu energi celah pita yang rendah mampu meningkatkan efisiensi degradasi sekitar 96,50%, sedangkan uji fotokatalitik dengan menggunakan cahaya tampak pada nanostruktur TiO₂ yang terbaik pada sampel nanotube TiO₂ prekursor alam dan nanosheet TiO₂ dengan efisiensi degradasi sebesar 97,96 dan 98,34%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengolahan mineral ilmenit mampu membentuk nanostruktur TiO₂ yang memiliki karakteristik morfologi, sifat struktur kristal dan sifat optik serta perfoma fotokatalitik yang mendekati karakteristik nanostuktur TiO₂ komersial.

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In this study, nanostructure modification of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) by using mineral ilmenite (FeTiO₃) as a natural precursor through hydrometallurgical extraction, hydrolysis, hydrothermal, and post-hydrothermal extraction processes were studied. This study includes a comparison of the modified titanium dioxide nanostructure from synthetic (ilmenite residue), commercial (P-25 Degussa), and extracted ilmenite (titanium oxosulphate) with the same treatment process. The results showed that the ilmenite mineral processing results in residue and filtrate (titanium oxosulphate) could be used as alternative precursors to modify titanium dioxide nanostructures. Microstructure analysis in the form of morphology showed that the precursor of ilmenite residu could only form nanostructures in the form of TiO₂ nanosheets. In contrast, precursors of titanium oxosulphate can form TiO₂ nanotubes, with the tube structure being maintained the same as the tube structure formed from commercial precursors. The results of the crystal structure analysis showed that when the residue and titanium oxosulphate were carried out by hydrothermal and post-hydrothermal processes, the phases obtained were TiO₂ anatase, sodium titanate, and Fe₂O₃ phases. These results indicate that there are still impurities (Fe) in the TiO₂ nanostructure. Furthermore, an increase in the hydrothermal process temperature up to 150°C led to an increase in the crystallinity of TiO₂ from 19.19 to 25.75 nm, along with an increase in the crystallinity of TiO₂ causing the bandgap energi to decrease from 3.11 to 3.02 eV approaching the bulk energi of TiO₂. The results of changes  ranging  from nanoparticle morphology to TiO₂ nanotubes with a well-maintained tube structure, high crystallinity, and optical properties, namely low bandgap energi, can increase the degradation efficiency by about 96.50%. while the photocatalytic test using visible light on TiO₂ nanostructures was the best on samples of natural precursor TiO₂ nanotubes and TiO₂ nanosheets with degradation efficiency of 97.96 and 98.34%. This shows that the processing of ilmenite minerals can form TiO₂ nanostructures with morphological characteristics, crystal structure properties, optical properties, and photocatalytic performance that are close to the characteristics of commercial TiO₂ nanostructures."

"Karya Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat, tahapan dan kendala yang dihadapi pada saat implementasi Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) pada sektor publik dengan studi kasus Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Energi Sumber Daya Mineral. Dengan adanya penerapan ERP diharapkan sektor publik menjadi lebih efisien dan efektif dalam menjalankan proses bisnisnya. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi manfaat dan kendala penerapan ERP pada sektor publik dan mengetahui langkah-langkah serta prasyarat penerapan ERP pada sektor publik. Penerapan ERP menggunakan perangkat lunak opensource yaitu Open ERP, dalam kajian ini dapat dilihat batasan kemampuan Open ERP dalam penerapan ERP pada Inspektorat Jenderal KESDM. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan menjadi bahan pertimbangan kepada para pengambil keputusan dalam menerapkan ERP pada sektor publik dalam rangka mengefektifkan dan mengefisienkan proses bisnis di instansinya.

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This thesis aims to determine the benefits, phases and obstacles encountered during the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation in the public sector with the case in the Inspectorate General of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. With the implementation of ERP, public sector is expected become more efficient and effective in running business processes.

The purpose of this study was to identify the benefits and constraints of ERP implementation in the public sector and knows the steps and prerequisites on the public sector's ERP implementation.

ERP implementation using open source software, that is Open ERP, It can be seen in this study, the Open ERP limitation of the ability in the application of the Open ERP.

The result of this study is expected to be material considerations to decision- makers in implementing ERP in the public sector in order to streamline business processes."