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"This new volume fills the gap in the literature as it will guide urologists and pathologists in the proper utilization of a variety of laboratory methods that are currently available to determine the presence, persistence or progression of tumors of the lower urinary tract. The volume emphasizes cytology of the urinary tract which is preferred over other methods (i.e. biochemical, immunological and cytogenetic) for its accuracy, especially for the important high grade tumors. This volume will appeal to urologists as well as pathologists, cytopathologists and related professions. The illustrations, nearly all in color, stress the key points of the text and enhance basic understanding of urothelial and other tumors of the urinary tract."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Selama beberapa hari setelah persalinan, retensio urin dengan distensi kandung kemih adalah fenomena yang umum terjadi. Jika pasien tidak dapat berkemih spontan dalam waktu 4 jam setelah bersalin, besar kemungkinan bahwa dia mengalami Retensio Urin Post Partum RUPP . Di beberapa tempat pengukuran residu urin dilakukan 4 jam post partum, sementara di tempat lain dilakukan 6 jam post partum. Ketidakseragaman waktu pengukuran ini akan mempengaruhi diagnosis, tata laksana, serta prognosis. Waktu pengukuran yang lebih lama akan menyebabkan kandung kemih akan terisi lebih banyak urin, sehingga akan terdistensi dalam waktu yang lebih lama, sehingga waktu pemulihan akan lebih lama.Objektif: Diketahuinya lama pemulihan dan volume residu urin pada kelompok pasien dengan retensio urin pasca persalinan dengan beda waktu pengukuran,Desain penelitian dan metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desai uji klinis acak di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSUD Karawang bulan Maret-Desember 2017. Perermpuan pasca salin dengan risiko retensio urin pasca persalinan, bersedia mengikuti penelitian, dan terdiagnosis retensio urin dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama diukur residu urinnya dalam 4 jam, kelompok kedua dalam 6 jam. Pasien lalu diberikan tatalaksana retensio urin sesuai protokol RSUPNCM dan dicatat waktu pulihnya.Hasil: Karakteristik pasien pada kedua kelompok dianggap setara. Median lama pemulihan pasien retensio urin yang diukur residu urin 4 jam adalah 30 jam, berbeda 21 jam dengan pasien yang diukur resiudnya 6 jam, yaitu 51 jam p

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ABSTRACTIntroduction Few days after delivery, urinary retention with bladder distention commonly happens. If patient unable to void spontaneously 4 hours after delivery, most likely she will develops post partum urinary retention PPUR . In some hospitals, the urinary residual volume was measured at 4th hour, other measures at 6th hour post delivery. This will affects the diagnosis, management, and prognosis. The longer the measurement will make the bladder filled with much more urine volume, thus the bladde will be distended in longer period, so the recovery time will be prolonged.Objective To know the differrence of recovery time and the urinary residual volume between group of patient with different time of urinary residual collecting.Study design and methode A randomized controlled trial was held at Cipto Mangunkusumo central general hospital and central Karawang hospital between March and Desember 2017. Post partum women with urinary retention risks, willing to contribute to the trial, and diagnosed as post partum urinary retention were divided into 2 groups. Urinary residual volume was meassured in 4th hour and 6th hour in each group. Patient then treated according to RSCM guideline, and the time of recovery was documented.Result Both group have similar characteristic. The median length of recovery in the group which the urinary residual was measured in 4th hour was 30 hours, 21 hours shorter than 6th hour group, 51 hours p 0.001 . The median of urinary residual volume of the 4th hour group was 600 ml, 400 ml lesser than the 6th hour group, 1000 ml p 0.001 Conclussion time of recovery are shorter in the 4th hour group and the urinary residual volume are less in the 4th hour group compared to the 6th hour group.Keywords post partum urinary retention, urine residual, urinary residual collecting time"

"Latar belakang Sisplatin merupakan pengobatan utama untuk karsinoma nasofaring KNF , tetapi berpotensi menimbulkan nefrotoksisitas. Selain kadar BUN dan kreatinin serum, KIM-1 dan NGAL diduga cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi nefrotoksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kadar KIM-1 dan NGAL dalam urin untuk mendeteksi gangguan fungsi ginjal pada pasien KNF stadium lanjut yang mendapatkan kemoterapi berbasis sisplatin.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort prospektif. Subyek penelitian dibagi dalam 3 kelompok: pasien yang belum pernah terpapar dan yang sudah pernah mendapatkan kemoterapi berbasis sisplatin 75-100 mg/m serta pasien yang belum pernah mendapatkan kemoterapi sisplatin dan kemudian diberi sisplatin 40 mg/m 2 . Kadar KIM-1, NGAL dalam urin serta kadar BUN dan kreatinin dalam serum diukur pada saat sebelum dan sesudah mendapatkan sisplatin pada ketiga kelompok. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji ANOVA, uji Pearson, Spearman, Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan SPSS versi 22,0.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan selisih kadar BUN yang bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah diterapi pada ketiga kelompok p=0.0001 . Perbedaan selisih kadar NGAL dalam urin pada penelitian ini juga berbeda bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah diterapi terhadap ketiga kelompok p=0,025 , tetapi ada perbedaan rerata pada sepasang kelompok yang bermakna hanya didapatkan pada kelompok yang belum pernah dikemoterapi 40 mg/m 2 dan kelompok yang sudah pernah diberi kemoterapi 75-100 mg/m 2 p=0,02. Perbedaan selisih kadar KIM-1 tidak bermakna pada ketiga kelompok p=0,275.Kesimpulan: Sisplatin menunjukkan akumulasi nefrotoksisitas yang tergantung pada dosis dose-dependent manner . Pengukuran kadar NGAL dalam urin dapat mendeteksi nefrotoksisitas tahap dini, tetapi belum bisa menggantikan peran BUN. Pengukuran kadar KIM-1 dalam urin tidak dapat mendeteksi gangguan fungsi ginjal.

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Background: Cisplatin is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC with a potency of causing nephrotoxicity. In addition to serum BUN and creatinine levels, KIM 1 and NGAL levels is assumed to be quite sensitive in detecting nephrotoxicity. The study was aimed to evaluate urinary KIM 1 and NGAL level to detect kidney dysfunction in patients with advanced stage NPC who received cisplatin based chemotherapy.

Method: The study was a cohort prospective study. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups, i.e. patients who had never received and who had received 75 100 mg m2 cisplatin based chemotherapy as well as those who had never received any cisplatin based chemotherapy and were subsequently received 40 mg m cisplatin. The levels of urinary KIM 1, NGAL and serum level of BUN and creatinine were measured before and after receiving cisplatin in the three groups. Statistical analysis used in our study were ANOVA, Pearson, Spearman, KolmogorovSmirnov test and SPSS version 22.0.

Results: There was a significant difference of delta BUN level before and after treatment in all three groups p 0.0001 . Delta urinary NGAL level was also significantly different between before and after treatment in all groups p 0.025 however, a significant mean difference of a pair group was only found between those who never had 40 mg m 2 chemotherapy and those who had received 75 100 mg m 2 chemotherapy p 0.02 while delta KIM 1 level showed no significant difference in all three groups p 0.275.

Conclusion: Cisplatin may cause accumulated nephrotoxicity, which has dosedependent manner. Measuring urinary NGAL level can detect an early stage of kidney dysfunction however, it still cannot replace the role of BUN. Measurement of urinary KIM 1 level cannot detect kidney dysfunction."

"ABSTRACTLatar belakang. Anak berusia 2 bulan - 2 tahun yang menderita infeksi salurankemih (ISK) dengan gejala demam perlu mendapat perhatian karena memilikirisiko kerusakan ginjal, gejala klinis yang tidak spesifik pada traktus urinarius,serta pengambilan sampel urin yang sulit. Urinalisis merupakan pemeriksaanpenunjang utama pada ISK karena cepat dan tersedia secara luas.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai dugapositif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), pretest odds, rasio kemungkinan positif(RKP), rasio kemungkinan negatif (RKN), post-test odds, dan post-testprobability dari masing-masing komponen urinalisis, yaitu nitrit, esterase leukosit(EL), leukosituria, bakteriuria beserta gabungannya untuk memprediksi ISK padaanak berusia 2 bulan hingga 2 tahun dengan gejala demam.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di RSCM, RSUDTangerang, RSUP Fatmawati, dan RSUD Budhi Asih pada anak berusia 2 bulan -2 tahun. Kriteria inklusi meliputi pasien dengan kecurigaan ISK, yaitu demamdengan suhu lebih dari, atau sama dengan 390C, demam lebih dari 2 hari, dantidak ditemukan penyebab lain (infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, otitis media akut,infeksi sistem saraf pusat, dan campak), serta belum mendapat antibiotik dalam 1minggu terakhir. Kriteria eksklusi meliputi pasien immunocompromise dankelainan anatomis pada traktus urinarius. Pengumpulan sampel urin untukpemeriksaan urinalisis dan kultur urin menggunakan urine collector.Hasil. Tujuh puluh lima anak ISK dengan gejala demam memenuhi kriteriapenelitian. Prevalens ISK pada penelitian ini adalah 33%. Hasil positif pada nitrit,EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya memiliki nilai sensitivitas berturutturut24%, 68%, 56%, 52%, dan 54%. Nilai spesifisitas nitrit, EL, leukosituria,bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 94%, 80%, 86%, 90%, dan 95%. NilaiNDP nitrit, EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 66%, 63%,66%, 72%, dan 75%. Nilai NDN nitrit, EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dangabungannya berturut-turut 71%, 83%, 79%, 79%, dan 88%. Nilai RKP nitrit, EL,leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 4; 3,4; 4; 5,2; dan 10,3.Nilai RKN nitrit, EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 0,8;0,4; 0,5; 0,5; 0,5; dan 0,5.Simpulan. Hasil gabungan komponen urinalisis (nitrit, EL, leukosituria, danbakteriuria) dapat digunakan untuk menyingkirkan ISK karena mempunyaispesifisitas dan NDN tinggi, sehingga tidak diperlukan pemeriksaan kultur urin.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Children aged 2 months to 2 years old with febrile urinary tractinfection (UTI) need special attention considering kidney complications,unspecified symptoms, and difficult urine sample collection. Urinalysis was themain supportive examination for UTI because of its immediate result andwidespread availability.Objective. To estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV), pretest odds, positive likelihood ratio (LR+),negative likelihood ratio (LR-), post-test odds, and post-test probability on eachurinalysis component, which are nitrite, leukocyte esterase (LE), leukocyturia, andbacteriuria, and also combination of all four components in predicting UTI amongchildren aged 2 months to 2 years old with febrile as the main manifestations.Methods. This is a diagnostic study held in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Tangerang Hospital, Fatmawati Hospital, and Budhi Asih Hospital, involvingchildren aged 2 months to 2 years old. Inclusion criteria are fever with unknownsource (more than or 39⁰C), fever more than 2 days (without acute respiratoryinfection, acute otitis media, central nervous system infection, or measles), and nohistory of antimicrobial consumption in the past week. Exclusion criteria areimmunocompromised state and urinary tract abnormalities. Urine samples forurinalysis and urine culture were collected using urine collector for all subjects.Results. Seventy five children were participating in this study. We found 33%prevalence of febrile UTI in this study. Sensitivity of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria,leucocyturia, and all four components were 24%, 68%, 56%, 52%, and 54%. Thespecificity of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia, and all four components were94%, 80%, 86%, 90%, and 95%. The PPV of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia,and all four components were 66%, 63%, 66%, 72%, and 75%. The NPV ofnitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia, and all four components were 71%, 83%,79%, 79%, and 88%. The LR+ of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia, and allfour components were 4; 3,4; 4; 5,2; and 10,3. The LR- of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria,leucocyturia, and all four components were 0,8; 0,4; 0,5; 0,5; and 0,5.Summary. All four components of urinalysis (nitrite, LE, leucocyturia, andbacteriuria) can be used to exclude UTI because of their high specificity and NPV,so urinary culture is not needed."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Drainase temporer saluran kemih bagian atas dapat dilakukan dengan pemasangan stent ureter. Pemasangan DJ stent dapat memberikan keluhan rasa tidak nyaman pada pasien yang bervariasi dari seseorang ke orang yang lain dan bersifat idiosinkrasi Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang berpengaruh terhadap gejalagejala berkemih dan nyeri pada pasien-pasien yang terpasang DJ stent di RSUP Dr. Sardjito dan RSPAU Dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian prospektif ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret - Agustus. Semua pasien yang dipasang DJ stent diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien yang dipasang DJ stent dengan kasus keganasan, pasien yang menjalani pemasangan DJ stent,dan pasien dengan DJ stent bilateral.Sebelum dan 1 bulan setelah dipasang DJ stent, yakni ketika pasien dijadwalkan lepas DJ stent, pasien kembali mengisi kuesioner IPSS, USSQ dan VAS. Data IPSS, komponen berkemih USSQ dan VAS dicatat dan dianalisis dengan Chi Square/ Fisher exact test, Pearson/Spearman dan Mann Whitney Hasil: Dari 40 pasien, laki-laki 23 orang (57,5%) dan perempuan 17 orang(42,5%), rerata usia 44,92 tahun dan lama pemasangan DJ stent 38,22 hari.Berdasarkan hasil IPSS, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara IPSS total sebelum dan setelah pemasangan DJ stent (p <0,001; r = 0,628). Distribusi gejala berkemih yang sering muncul pada kuesioner USSQ adalah disuria (62,5%), frekuensi (55%), nokturia (52,5%), buang air kecil tidak lampias (47,5%), hematuria (35%), dan urgensi (15%). Pada analisis bivariate, posisi DJ stent berhubungan dengan timbulnya frekuensi (p <0,001), nokturia (<0,001), urgensi (p=0,002), buang air kecil tidak lampias (p=0,049), dysuria (p=0,030), hematuria (p=0,026) dan nyeri (p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Gejala berkemih sebelum dipasang DJ stent dan posisi DJ stentmerupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi timbulnya gejala berkemih dan nyeri pada pemasangan DJ stent.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Temporary drainage of upper urinary tract can be performed by ureteral stents. Stent discomfort can vary from one patient to another in an idiosyncratic manner. Purpose: To study factors that influence urinary symptoms and pain related to stented ureter Methode: This is prospectif study, from March 2014 to August 2014, to known factors that influence urinary symptoms and pain of patients with ureteral stent.All patients were inserted ureteral stent participated in this study. Exclusioncriteria were patients with malignancy, patients who had history of DJ stentplacement previously, and patients with bilateral DJ stents. All patients completed IPSS questionnaire before inserted stents. After 1 month, when removal DJ stents performed, all patients completed IPSS,USSQ and VAS. All data was analized with Chi square/fisher exact test, pearson/spearman correlation and Mann Whitney. Results: Fourty patients consist of 23 man (57.5%) and 17 women (42.5%)completed this study. The mean age was 44.92 years old and length of stentedureter was 38.22 days. There was significance correlation between IPSS of DJstent preinsertion and post insertion ( p<0.001; r = 0.628). Of the patients reporteddysuria (62.5%), frekuensi (55%), nocturia (52.5%), incomplete emptying(47.5%), hematuria (35%) and ugency (15%). On bivariate analysis, there wassignificance correlation between DJ stent position and frequency (p <0.001),nocturia (<0.001), urgency (p=0.002), incomplete emptying (p=0.049), dysuria(p=0.030), hematuria (p=0.026) and pain (p<0.001). Conclusion: Previous urinary symptoms and DJ stent position were factors that influence urinary symptoms and pain related ureteral stent insertion."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: untuk mengetahui prevalensi inkontinensia urin, sebaran tipe inkontinensia urin dan faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan pada wanita yang berusia diatas 50 tahun.Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 278 wanita berusia diatas 50 tahun yang tinggal di panti werdha, telah dilakukan wawancara secara terpimpin menggunakan kuesioner Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) yang telah diterjemahkan dan divalidasi. Hasil prevalensi inkontinensia urin disajikan dalam bentuk proporsi/persentase, sedangkan hubungan antara faktor risiko dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin dianalisa dengan uji chi square atau uji Fisher bila syarat uji chi square tidak terpenuhi, dan juga dilakukan uji multivariat.Hasil: dari 278 subyek penelitian, didapatkan sebanyak 95 orang (34,2%) menderita inkontinensia urin. Dengan sebaran tipenya adalah sebagai berikut: inkontinensia urin tipe campuran 67 orang (70,5%), inkontinensia urin tipe tekanan 17 orang (17,9%) dan inkontinensia urin tipe desakan 11 orang (11,6%). Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) berlebih dan obesitas tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p> 0,05), mungkin pada penelitian ini jumlah subyek dengan IMT berlebih dan obesitas jumlahnya terlalu kecil. Sedangkan faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan inkontinensia urin adalah: usia diatas 60 tahun (OR 7,79, p= 0,021), menopause >10 tahun (OR 5,08, p=0,004), dan multipara (OR 1,82, p=0,019). Pada saat dilakukan uji multivariat, faktor risiko usia diatas 60 tahun didapatkan menjadi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p> 0,05). Hal ini disimpulkan bahwa faktor usia diatas 60 tahun bukan merupakan faktor tunggal akan terjadinya inkontinensia urin melainkan multifaktor.Kesimpulan: penelitian ini mendapatkan angka prevalensi inkontinensia urin pada wanita yang tinggal di panti werdha adalah sebesar 34,2%. Sedangkan sebaran tipe inkontinensia urin adalah: inkontinensia urin tipe campuran 67 orang (70,5%), inkontinensia urin tipe tekanan 17 orang (17,9%) dan inkontinensia urin tipe desakan 11 orang (11,6%). Faktor-faktor risiko inkontinensia urin adalah: menopause >10 tahun dan multipara.

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ABSTRACTAim: to identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence, the distribution of the type of urinary incontinence and and related risk factors in women older than 50 years.Method: this is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. Two hundred and seventy eight women older than 50 years old living in nursing house were interviewed using the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) that has been translated and validated previously. The prevalence result will be presented in the form of percentage; while the relationship between risk factors and the incidence or urinary incontinence will be analyzed using chi square test or Fisher’s exact test if the requirement for chi square test is not met, and multivariate analysis.Result: Of 278 research subjects, we obtain 95 subjects (34,2%) suffering from urinary incontinence. And the distribution of the type is as follow: 67 subjects (70,5%) with mixed urinary incontinence, 17 (17,9%) with stress urinary incontinence and 11 subjects (11,6%) with urge incontinence. Overweight and obesity body mass index (BMI) are not related with the prevalence of urinary incontinence (p> 0,05), probably in this research the number of subjects with overweight and obesity is too small. While factors related to urinary incontinence are age older than 60 years (OR 7,79, p = 0,021), menopause ≥10 years (OR 5,08, p=0,004) and multiparity (OR 1,82, p = 0,019). When multivariate analysis was done, the risk factor age older than 60 years becomes not related to urinary incontinence (p>0,05). Thus it can be inferred that age older than 60 years is not a singular factor of urinary incontinence but rather a multifactor.Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women living in nursing home is 34,2%; while the distribution of the urinary incontinence is: 67 subjects (70,5%) with mixed urinary incontinence, 17 subjects with stress urinary incontinence (17,9%) and 11 subjects (11,6%) with urge urinary incontinence. Risk factors for urinary incontinence are: menopause ≥10 years and multiparity."

"ABSTRAKNama : Imam Ahmadi FaridNPM : 1406667463Program Studi/Divisi : Obstetri ndash; Ginekologi / Uroginekologi Rekonstruksi Judul: Prevalensi, karakteristik dan Faktor Risiko Terkait Pada Pasien Inkontinensia Urin Dalam Poliklinik Ginekologi Menggunakan Kuesioner Untuk Diagnosis Inkontinensia Urin QUID Versi Bahasa Indonesia Latar belakang: Inkontinensia urin tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan utama wanita karena dampaknya yang menghancurkan terhadap kualitas hidup. Namun, studi epidemiologi tentang inkontinensia urin UI di Indonesia sangat terbatas. Bisa jadi karena keluhan pasien yang kurang dilaporkan. Kami bertujuan untuk menentukan prevalensi, karakteristik dan faktor risiko UI di antara pasien ginekologi. Metode: Pasien mengunjungi klinik rawat jalan ginekologi di Cipto Mangunkusumo, Rumah Sakit Umum, Jakarta, Indonesia yang ditawarkan untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subyek yang memenuhi syarat melakukan wawancara untuk mengisi kuesioner QUID versi Bahasa Indonesia. Faktor terkait untuk stres inkontinensia urin SUI , mendesak inkontinensia urin UUI , dan kontinum urin campuran MUI diidentifikasi setelah analisis bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Prevalensi SUI, UUI, dan MUI masing-masing 4,3 , 3,0 , dan 2,7 di antara 400 subjek yang memenuhi syarat. Usia di atas 61 tahun, usia antara 51 hingga 60 tahun, tingkat pendidikan rendah, kelebihan berat badan, multiparitas, persalinan pervaginam dan keadaan menopause meningkatkan risiko untuk semua jenis UI. Pada analisis multivariat, usia yang lebih tua adalah faktor risiko paling signifikan untuk memiliki UI p = 0,000, OR 5,4 95 CI: 2,13-13,87 . Kesimpulan: Usia di atas 61 tahun, usia antara 51 hingga 60 tahun, tingkat pendidikan rendah, kelebihan berat badan, multiparitas, persalinan pervaginam dan menopause adalah faktor risiko untuk SUI, UUI, dan MUI. Umur adalah faktor terkait yang paling signifikan. Kata kunci: QUID Questionnaire, faktor risiko, inkontinensia urin.

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ABSTRACT

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Abstract Nama Imam Ahmadi FaridNPM 1406667463Program Studi Divisi Obstetri ndash Ginekologi Uroginekologi Rekonstruksi Title Prevalence, characteristics and Related Risk Factors In Urinary Incontinence Patients In Gynecology Polyclinics Using Questionnaire For Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis QUID Indonesian Version Background Urinary Incontinence remains a main women rsquo s health problem due to its devastating impacts to the quality of life. However, the epidemiology study of urinary incontinence UI in Indonesia is very limited. It could be due to the under reported complaints of the patients. We aim to determine the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of UI among gynecological patients. Methods Patients visited gynecological outpatient clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo, General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia were offered to be participated in this study. Eligible subjects underwent interview to fulfill Indonesian version of QUID questionnaires. The associated factors for stress urinary incontinence SUI , urge urinary incontinence UUI , and mixed urinary continence MUI were identified after bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of SUI, UUI, and MUI were respectively 4.3 , 3.0 , and 2.7 among 400 eligible subjects. Age over 61 years old, age between 51 to 60 years old, low education level, overweight, multiparity, vaginal delivery and menopausal state were increased the risk for any types of UI. On multivariate analysis, older age was the most significant risk factor for having UI p 0.000, OR 5.4 95 CI 2,13 13,87 . Conclusion Age over 61 years old, age between 51 to 60 years old, low education level, overweight, multiparity, vaginal delivery and menopausal state were the risk factor for SUI, UUI, and MUI. Age was the most significant associated factor. Keywords QUID Questionnaire, risk factors, urinary incontinence "

"Latar Belakang: Inkontinensia urin (IU) menurut ICS didefinisikan sebagai keluarnya urin yang tidak dapat dikendalikan atau dikontrol, yang secara obyektif dapat diperlihatkan dan merupakan suatu masalah sosial dan higienis. Pada perempuan, gangguan fungsi berkemih ini sering kali didapatkan pasca-operasi koreksi kelainan Prolaps Organ Panggul (POP). Inkontinensia Urin Tekanan de novo (IUT de novo) adalah IU yang terjadi pada pasien POP pasca-operasi pervaginam yang tidak didapatkan sebelum operasi.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kejadian IUT de novo dan faktor risiko yang berhubungan pada pasien POP pasca-operasi pervaginam di Divisi Uroginekologi dan Rekonstruksi Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSCM Jakarta.Metode: Studi klinis potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 75 orang pasien POP pasca-operasi pervaginam di Divisi Uroginekologi dan Rekonstruksi Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSCM Jakarta pada bulan Januari 2016 sampai Juli 2017. Penilaian kejadian IUT de novo dan faktor risiko yang berperan dilakukan berdasarkan data Rekam Medik, lembar penilaian Kuesioner QUID (Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis) versi Indonesia dan dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan Cough Stress Test secara kualitatif dan tes pembalut pad test secara kuantitatif.Hasil: Dari 75 subyek penelitian didapatkan angka kejadian IUT de novo sebesar 8% (6/75). Uji analisis statistik menunjukkan hanya 2 faktor risiko yang berperan secara bermakna (p < 0,05) terhadap kejadian IUT de novo pada pasien POP pasca-operasi pervaginam di RSCM Jakarta, yaitu derajat POP yang berat dan penyakit Diabetes Mellitus dengan nilai OR 0,13 (95% CI 0,02-1,63) dan 23,75 (95%CI 2,29-590,2).Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, angka kejadian IUT de novo pada pasien POP pasca-operasi pervagnam adalah 8% dengan faktor risiko yang berperan adalah derajat POP preoperatif yang berat dan penyakit Diabetes Mellitus.

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Background: Stress Urinary Incontinence remains a main women's health problem due to its devastating impacts to the quality of life. Some patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) may suffer from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) named de novo SUI after pelvic floor reconstruction2. The epidemiology study of de novo SUI in Indonesia is not known yet. In the world, a few studies have reported a wide range (2-43%) in incidence of de novo SUI following surgical repair of POP in previously continent patients. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of de novo SUI and determined related risk factors after vaginal surgery on POP patients in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 108 patients who underwent pelvic floor vaginal surgery due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) at the Department of Obstetry and Gynecology, Urogynecology and Recontruction Division in Indonesian University-Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 75 patients were enrolled in the study with consecutive sampling technique. The occurrence of de novo SUI was determined 6-12 months postoperatively by using Indonesian version of Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), and objectively by positive Cough Stress Test (CST) during gynecological examination after negative Preoperative Prolapse Reduction Stress Test (PPRST). The clinical characteristic of positively de novo SUI patients identified were age, parity, Body Mass Index, menopause periode before surgery, degree of Pelvic Organ Prolapse based on POP-Q system, type of vaginal surgery and clinical result of Diabetes Mellitus. Thes significant risk factors that contribute for the occurrence of de novo SUI determined by multivariate statistical analysis (95% CI and 𝛼 0.05).Results: The occurrence of de novo SUI was 8% or 6 from 75 patiens 6-7 month postoperative for pelvic floor reconstruction due to POP. Average of age, parity, BMI, menopause periode before surgery, respectively were 56.17 ± 4.67, 3.17 ± 1.07, 28.58 ± 5.18, and 12,8 ± 7,0. There were 50,0% (3/6) patients with severe degree of POP and 50% (3/6) with mild degree of POP with most of them 66,7% (4/6) had underwent non colpocleisis procedure for POP reconstruction. All of the patient but one were positively Diabetes Mellitus according to clinical hystory and laboratory finding, and most of them about 83,3% (5/6) were in menopause state. There were two significant risk facors that contribute to the occurrence of de novo SUI which are severe degree of preoperative POP (p 0.038; OR 0.13 95% CI 0,02-0,63) and Diabetes Mellitus (p 0.02; OR 23.75 95% CI 2.29-590.2).Conclusion: The occurrence of de novo SUI after vaginal surgery of Pelvic Organ Prolapse patients in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta was 8%. Most of them were average of age < 60 years old, parity < 4, non- obese women, in menopausal periode, and diabetic patient. The determinant significant risk factors contribute to the occurrenceof de novo SUI were evere degree of preoperative POP and Diabetes Mellitus."

"Inkontinensia urin setelah operasi BPH adalah hilangnya kontrol terhadap buang air kecil karena salah satu katup yang mengontrol urin diangkat bersamaan dengan prostat, apabila katub ini diangkat kemungkinan terjadi kerusakan sraf dan otot sehingga menyebabkan inkontinensia setelah operasi prostat. Inkontinensia urin dapat menyebabkan masalah fisik, psikologis, sosial dan ekonomi sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin setelah operasi prostat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, dengan pendekatan deskriptif korelatif, dan teknik consecutive sampling pada 90 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara Usia dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p-value 0,063, ! = 0,05), terdapat hubungan signifikan antara obesitas dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p-value 0,020, ! = 0,05), terdapat hubungan signifikan anatara jenis operasi dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p-value 0,038, ! = 0,05), terdapat hubungan signifikan antara volume prostat dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p-value 0,038, ! = 0,05), terdapat hubungan signifikan antara lama operasi dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p-value 0,036, ! = 0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara waktu operasi dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin (p-value 0,925, ! = 0,05). Pada hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jenis operasi berhubungan paling dominan dengan kejadian inkontinensia urin nilai OR yang terbesar yaitu (2,39) (95% CI: 0,955-5,988). Diharapkan tenaga keperawatan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman melalui pemberian informasi atau pendidikan kesehatan terkait dengan pencegahan inkontinensia urin umumnya generasi muda khususnya pada generasi tua di Kota Jayapura.

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The increase in the life expectancy of the Indonesian population reaching the age of 66.2 years has contributed to an increase in the number of elderly people ( Aging Structured Population ). The aging process causes health problems in the elderly, one of which is urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is a bladder sphincter defect or neurological dysfunction that causes loss of control over urination. Urinary incontinence can cause physical, psychological, social and economic problems that affect the quality of life of the elderly. This study aims to identify factors associated with urinary incontinence in patients after prostate surgery at the Urology Polyclinic, Jayapura Hospital in 2023. This study used a cross-sectional design, correlative descriptive approach, and consecutive sampling technique in 90 post-prostate post-operative patients at the polyclinic. Jayapura Hospital Urology. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between age and the incidence of urinary incontinence ( p-value 0.063,! = 0,05) , there is a significant relationship between obesity and urinary incontinence ( p-value 0.020,! = 0,05) , there is a significant relationship between the type of operation and the incidence of urinary incontinence ( p-value 0.038,! = 0,05), there is a significant relationship between Prostate Volume and the incidence of Urinary Incontinence ( p-value 0.038,! = 0,05) , there is a significant relationship between the length of operation and the incidence of urinary incontinence ( p-value 0.036,! =0,05) and there was no significant relationship between operating time and urinary incontinence ( p-value 0.925,! = 0,05). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the type of surgery was most dominantly related to the incidence of Urinary Incontinence with the largest OR value (2.39) (95% CI: 0.955-5.988). It is hoped that nursing staff can improve understanding through providing information or health education related to the prevention of Urinary Incontinence in general for the younger generation, especially the older generation in Jayapura City. "