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"Browning Problems in Tissue Culture. Sri Hutami. Several tropical plant species contain high concentrations of phe- nolic compounds, which become oxidised when their cells are wounded or when the plant parts become senescences. In tissue culture, the phenolic compounds usually leach into the medium from the cut surfaces of explants. The phenolic compounds caused the culture medium turns to dark brown in colour due to oxidation. This is detrimental to the culture, because it causes the isolated tissue fails to grow. The browning of tissue culture and the medium can often be prevented by one of the several different approaches, such as by removing the phenolic compounds produced, modi- fying the redox potential, inactivating phenolase enzymes, reducing phenolase activity and substrate availability, as well as pre-treatments by soaking and preconditioning on a basal medium."

"Memasuki era globalisasi ekonomi dan informasi serta persaingan bebas dunia khususnya di bidang teknologi telekomunikasi yang saat ini sedang memasuki teknologi jaringan pita lebar atau yang biasa dikenal dengan nama Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN), maka PT. Telkom sebagai penyelenggara telekomunikasi di Indonesia juga merencanakan penerapan jaringan B-ISDN tersebut dimana pada tahap awal akan dibangun pada jaringan backbone antara kota Jakarta - Surabaya dengan menggunakan transmisi serat optik berteknologi SDH (STM-16).Penerapan jaringan B-ISDN ini tentu akan terkait dengan beberapa aspek baik aspek teknik maupun non teknik. Untuk itu penulis dalam tesis ini mencoba menganalisa aspek-aspek yang terkait tersebut. Analisa non teknik disini mencakup aspek ekonomi, aspek pemasaran dan aspek regulasi. Sedangkan analisa teknik antara lain membahas aspek sinkronisasi ATM dan SDH, interoperabilitas perangkat yang multi vendor.

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Enfacing a global era in economic and information fields as well as a worldwide free competition, particularly in the telecommunication technology, that is now facilitating a network wideband technology or more well known by the name of Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN), therefore PT. Telkom as an organisator or holdkeeper telecommunication in Indonesia has also planned the application of that network B-ISDN where is at first going to be built a network backbone between Jakarta - Surabaya by using a fibre optic transmission with a SDH (STM-16) technology.

The application of this network B-ISDN surely will deal with several aspects, either technique or non technique aspects. For this purpose, the writer in this thesis try to analyze those related aspects. In this paper, the non technique analysis Involves some aspects such as economics, marketing and regulation. Meanwhile, the technique analysis tells us about such as a synchronization between ATM and SDH , as an interoperability of multivendor facilities."

"ABSTRAKManajemen jaringan menjadi isu yang sangat penting pada lingkungan yang heterogen dan terdiri dari bermacam-macam vendor jaringan komputer. Client/server dengan jumlah komputer yang sangat banyak membutuhkan manajemen jaringan untuk mengelola dan mengontrol jaringan dan komponen jaringan komputer.Tesis ini merupakan studi kasus jaringan pada sebuah perusahaan energi. Perusahaan mempunyai sebuah kantor pusat dan beberapa kantor pendukung di Jakarta dan beberapa kantor di lapangan. Semua perkantoran mempunyai jaringan komputer lokal dan semuanya tersambung melalui Wide Area Network (WAN). Pertumbuhan jaringan dan penggunaan jaringan menimbulkan masalah yaitu dengan menurunnya kinerja jaringan terutama WAN. Studi dimulai dengan melihat permasalahan yang ada dan melakukan studi literatur yang berhubungan dengan masalah. Tahap selanjutnya adalah menjalankan platform manajemen jaringan yang telah dipunyai oleh perusahaan yaitu Openview. Data diambil dengan tujuan mendukung analisis dan selanjutnya untuk memberikan alernatif solusi. Parameter yang dipakai adalah parameter kinerja jaringan yaitu utilisasi dan traffic. Data diambil pada router utama yang menghubungkan antara kantor utama Jakarta dan site lain di lapangan dan Headquarter di USA. Masing-masing link yang terletak pada port serial diamati secara real time dan ditampilkan dalam grafik dengan selang waktu tertentu pada jam kerja maupun jam istirahat kemudian diperbandingkan. Beberapa referensi membuat kriteria untuk menentukan kinerja jaringan berdasarkan utilisasi sehingga berdasarkan pengamatan tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan.

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ABSTRACT

Network Management has become a critical issue particularly in heterogeneous environment and multivendor computer networks. Client-servers with a large number of computers need network management to manage and control the networks and components of networks.

It is a case study at an energy company that has a large computer network with its complexity since the company employee various platform that running multiprotocols. Company has main office and support offices in Jakarta and fields. Each office (site) has Local Area Network (LAN) and all of them were connected through Wide Area Network. Network growth rapidly and consequently the network performance decreases especially for Wide Area Network. First stage of study is investigation problem and learn from the literature related to problem. Second stage was try and run Network Management Platform Openview and setup the parameter and display. Data was acquired to support the analysis and eventually giving the solution. The parameter that was chosen for data acquisiton were utilization and traffic which are belong to performance management. Data was acquired at main router that makes connections between Jakarta - Fields, Jakarta - Headquarter and Jakarta to other Jakarta sites. The links that were located at serial ports of router were captured in real time mode in the work time and rest time and then were displayed in graphics. Some references made a criterion for network performance evaluation based on utilization."

"A moving network (MONET) scenario is a particular case in which a group of nodes move to gether as a unit with respect to the ground network. Such groups are comman characteristics of the vehicular environments..."

"Hand tractor utilization in Indonesia keeps growing as a result of a more limited time available for farming and shortage of animal and human resources for soil tillage. One of the farmers' problems is that the process of innovation adoption of hand tractor remains low due to static role of farmers, communication network. Carried out in Neglasari village (Bojongpicung Sub-district, Cianjur Regency of West Java province) this study shows that in the sociometric communication network, the interaction in innovation adoption of hand tractor tend to form open-shape,star-shape or cicle -shape network. Generally, communication is a two-way connection and dominated by public figures with a star role. Farmers' communication network in relation to connectedness , diversity, integration, and openness value may be classified into middle and low category. Times needed by farmers to adopt technology innovation of hand tractor are as follows: innovators 31,4% early adopters 23,7%, early majority 11,2% and laggards 11,2%. Regression analysis indicates that farm productivity has a positive influence on diversity value (0,017) and integration value (0,213) but has a negative influence on connectedness value (-0.017) and integration value (-0.472) and openness level (-0.642). Cost of land preparation has a positive effect on diversity level (0,162) and cosmopolitanism level (0.173) and has the highest contribution on communication network at the connectedness (0.204). Farm gate price of paddy has a negative effect on connectedness level (-0.067),but a positive influence on communication network at diversity level (0.087) connectedness level (0.040) and openness level (0.080)."

"Bencana tsunami Selat Sunda pada 22 Desember 2018 telah menghantam wilayah Kabupaten Pandeglang, Serang, dan Lampung Selatan. Berdasarkan kejadian tersebut diperlukan mitigasi bencana guna mengurangi kerugian jika terjadi bencana di kemudian hari. Rencana evakuasi bencana memainkan peran yang sangat penting sebelum, selama, dan setelah bencana terjadi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merencanakan dan mengetahui lokasi bangunan evakuasi serta jangkauannya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai tempat evakuasi saat terjadi tsunami. Penentuan lokasi Tempat Evakuasi Sementara (TES) dengan memperhatikan wilayah bahaya tsunami, aksesibilitas, dan waktu tempuh. Wilayah bahaya tsunami memperhitungkan wilayah inundasi tsunami dengan tools fuzzy membership untuk mengkaji kelas bahayanya. Metode Network Analysis pada software ArcGIS digunakan untuk mengetahui wilayah jangkauan dengan waktu tempuh 30 menit. Selanjutnya dari wilayah jangkauan 30 menit dapat diketahui jumlah penduduk berdasarkan People In Pixels (PIP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 11 bangunan TES. 3 TES di Kecamatan Carita, 2 TES di Kecamatan Labuan, 5 TES di Kecamatan Panimbang, dan 1 TES di Kecamatan Sumur. Seluruh TES tersebut berada di lereng datar dan berada di konsentrasi pemukiman tinggi. Kapasitas TES usulan yang dapat menampung seluruh penduduk yang berada di pemukiman bahaya tsunami adalah TES di Kecamatan Carita dan Kecamatan Labuan, sedangkan TES di Kecamatan Panimbang dan Kecamatan Sumur tidak dapat menampung seluruh penduduk yang berada di pemukiman bahaya tsunami.

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The Sunda Strait tsunami disaster on 22^nd December 2018 has hit the Pandeglang, Serang and South Lampung regencies. Based on these events disaster mitigation is needed in order to reduce losses in the event of a disaster in the future. Disaster evacuation plans play a very important role before, during and after a disaster occurs. The purpose of this study is to plan and find out the location of the evacuation building and its scope so that it can be used as an evacuation site during a tsunami. Determination of the location of Temporary Evacuation Sites (TES) by taking into account tsunami hazard areas, accessibility, and travel time. Tsunami hazard areas take into account tsunami inundation areas with fuzzy membership tools to assess the hazard class. The Network Analysis method in ArcGIS software is used to determine the coverage area with a travel time of 30 minutes. Furthermore, from the 30 minute coverage area, it can be seen the number of residents based on People In Pixels (PIP). The results showed that there were 11 TES buildings, in Carita District 3 TES, in Labuan District 2 TES, 5 TES in Panimbang District, and 1 TES in Sumur District. All of the TES are on flat slopes and in high concentration of settlements. The proposed TES capacity that can accommodate all residents in tsunami hazard settlements is TES in Carita and Labuan Districts, while TES in Panimbang District and Sumur District cannot accommodate all residents in tsunami hazard settlements."

"ABSTRAKSistem jaringan distribusi, khususnya distribusi primer yang sudah lama dikenal, sebenarnya dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Salah satu cara untuk itu ialah dengan memodifikasikan sistem jaringan lingkaran dengan sistem jaringan radial, yang dikenal sistem jaringan distribusi splndel. Dewasa ini sistem jaringan spindel tersebut diterapkan pada wilayah pengusahaan PLN Distribusi Jakarta Raya dan Tangerang. Tujuannya untuk mendapatkan tingkat keandalan yang relatif tinggi, sesuatu dengan tingkat kopadatan bebannya. Dari hasil pengamatan dan evaluasi, ternyata sistem distribusi jaringan spindel ini dapat memenuhi harapan yang diinginkan, sesuai dengan kondisi dan tingkat teknologi yang dimiliki oleh negara kita."