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"ABSTRACTThe research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth & role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.The research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth &role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.The research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth &role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.The research titled "Policies & reforms in the non-farm sector - a comparative study of india & china" aims to look at policies &reforms in the non-farm sector. It would look into the growth &role of the non-farm sector in the context of global food shortages &WTO deadloct in agricultural trade. It would also look at the aspect of corporatisation affecting the sector & the impact of marketing, technology, infrastructure &finance on its growth prospects. It would finally look at the form of governance structure along with the role of civil society groups / grass root institutions / NGOs & tr tpo decipher their role on the policy implementation in the non-farm sector. The study would be a comparative analysis of Indoa & China & all the above aspects would be looked atThe research seeks to examine the following-1. Whether the shift in the non-farm sector is beneficial & sustainable in the long run(especially in the context of global & domestic food shortages)Whether & to what extend has corporatism affected the functioning of the non-farm sector & its impact on small producers.3. Whether the form of government (democratic vs authoritaran) & the structure of governance affects policymaking & policy implementation & the need for governance reforms.4. To examine finally the changing roles of the state, private sector & civil society.MethodologyThe method used would be theoretical & analytical. The study would be based on primary & secondary sources. Primary sources would include interviews of policymakers, academicians, NGO workers etc. It would also include government reports, government annual plans, government surveys, annual reports of international organizations & non-government organizations etc. Secondary sources would include books, journals, magazines, newspapers & other relevant sources.ChapterizationThe study would be divided into the following chapters-The first chapter deals with Conceptual &Theoritical issues. The Chapter looks into the followingA) the importance of agriculture & the conflict between the availabilit of food & fuelsB) i) the issue of diversification & the non-farm sector - the definition of diversification, the causes of it & the cross country estimates & trends.ii) the positive effects & the shortcomings of diversification & the non-farm sectorC. The issue of agribusiness has been examined ( the definition & the reasons for its growth). The existebce & supermarkets has been observed critical questions raised about this emerging phenomenon.D) role of good govenance-state, private institutions & civil society institutions-each institution's role in promoting good governanceE) the reasons for comparing India & China.The second chapter examines the followingA) the history of agriculture (pre-reform) & the agrarian scene after the reform period till the present times.B) the non-farm sector & diversification-the role of it in the current scenario-its impact on poverty reduction, employment, environment, overall significance etc.C) the retail sector & its role in the country.D) the requirements for the growth of the non-farm sector & the significance of each of the variables & their current role in the economy (like land, credit, marketing, research & technology, environment etc).E) trade policy & WTO.All third chapter looks into the theoritical debate between democratic & authoritarian structures of governance. It also looks into the history & evolution of the character of the state in India & China. Finally, it sees the current strengths & weaknesses of the two states & their decision making structures agains the backdrop of globalization, corporatism & emerging waves of democratic upsurges.The fourth chapter looks at the role of civil society & grass root level institutions in India & China. These institutions have been making a lot of impact in creating consciousness among the people & in promoting democratic decision making. The chapter examines how the existebce of these institutions can influence the environment & the kind of decisions that the Central Government makes in the future in both the countries.The fifth chapter deals with the comparative analysis of India & China.Finally the sixth chapter deals with the conclution & the measures that need to be taken in the future."

"Pertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat dan akan berdampak besar bagi berbagai sektor termasuk limbah padat. Persentase sampah terbesar yang dihasilkan di Indonesia diketahui merupakan sampah organik, khususnya sisa makanan. Hal ini mengkhawatirkan karena semakin tinggi pertumbuhan penduduk maka akan semakin banyak sampah yang terbuang dan tak terkelola. Selain itu, pertambahan jumlah penduduk juga menjadi tantangan terhadap ketersediaan sumber daya alam yang terbatas. Besarnya timbulan limbah di sisi lain sebetulnya dapat menjadi sumber daya alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Maka dari itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis permintaan masyarakat Desa Padamukti terhadap teknologi dan produk hasil pengolahan sampah organik sisa makanan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya agar dapat menjadi bahan acuan untuk menjadi program pengolahan sampah organik menjadi produk olahan yang bernilai tinggi dan diminati masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan membagikan kuisioner. Hasil dari kuisioner yang dibagikan akan diolah menggunakan analisis deskriptif statistik dan regresi linier berganda untuk menemukan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi besar permintaan tersebut. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh 46% responden setuju dan 14% responden sangat setuju membutuhkan teknologi untuk mengolah sampah sisa makanan yang dihasilkan dengan teknologi yang paling diminati adalah komposting dengan besar persentase responden setuju sebesar 38% dan sangat setuju sebesar 30%. Sedangkan sebesar 49% responden setuju dan 14% responden sangat setuju tertarik membeli produk hasil pengolahan sampah sisa makanan dengan produk yang paling diminati adalah biogas dengan persentase responden setuju sebesar 36% dan sangat setuju sebesar 22%. Faktor kebutuhan, kemudahan, biaya, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap permintaan akan teknologi pengolah sampah dengan nilai signifikansi berurutan dari 0,03; 0,04; 0,04; dan 0,03 sedangkan faktor kualitas, sifat yang ramah lingkungan, distribusi, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap permintaan akan produk hasil pengolahan sampah organik sisa makanan di Desa Padamukti dengan nilai signifikansi berurutan dari 0,02; 0,01; 0,02; dan 0,03. Penyediaan bantuan sarana dan prasarana pengolahan sampah organik sisa makanan oleh pemerintah diperlukan untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat dalam mengolah sampah. Pemberian penyuluhan dan pelatihan terhadap berbagai jenis teknologi pengolahan sampah organik sisa makanan beserta manfaat yang dapat diberikan kepada masyarakat juga diperlukan untuk memberikan pilihan bagi masyarakat dalam mengolah sampah yang dihasilka

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Indonesia's population growth is expected to continue to increase and will have a major impact on various sectors including solid waste. The largest percentage of waste generated in Indonesia is known to be organic waste, especially food waste. This is concerning because the higher the population growth, the more waste will be wasted and unmanaged, the increase in population is also a challenge to the availability of limited natural resources. The amount of waste generated on the other hand can be an alternative resource to overcome this problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the demand of the Padamukti Village community for technology and products from processing the organic food waste and the factors that influence it so that it can be used as reference material to become a program for processing organic waste into processed products that are of high value and are of interest to the public. The research was conducted with a quantitative approach where data collection was carried out by interviewing and distributing questionnaires. The results of the distributed questionnaires will be processed using statistical descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression to find out what factors influence the demand. Based on the data obtained, 46% of respondents agree and 14% of respondents strongly agree that technology is needed to process food waste produced the most desirable technology is composting with a large percentage of respondents agreeing at 38% and strongly agreeing at 30%. Meanwhile, 49% of respondents agree and 14% of respondents strongly agree that they are interested in buying products from food waste processing with the most desirable product being biogas with the percentage of respondents agreeing at 36% and strongly agreeing at 22%. The factors of need, convenience, cost, and household income have a significant effect on the demand for waste processing technology with sequential significance values of 0,03; 0,04; 0.04; and 0,03 while factors of quality, environmentally friendly nature, distribution, and household income have a significant effect on the demand for products from processing organic food waste in Padamukti Village with sequential significance values of 0,02; 0,01; 0,02; and 0,03. The government needs to provide facilities and infrastructure for processing food waste and organic waste to facilitate the community in processing waste. Providing counseling and training on various types of food waste processing technology along with the benefits that can be provided to the community is also needed to provide choices for the community in processing the waste they produce."

"ABSTRAKKemiskinan adalah masalah dunia karena orang tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya. Pemerintah di seluruh dunia mencoba membuat program bantuan untuk membantu orang memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari mereka. Program Rastra di Indonesia diciptakan untuk membantu mengurangi beban biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS) melalui pemenuhan beberapa kebutuhan pangan utama, yaitu beras. Pengurangan biaya yang harus dibayar oleh RTS untuk beras dapat membantu mereka mengalihkan uang yang akan mereka gunakan untuk beras, untuk kebutuhan mereka yang lain. Kebijakan bantuan makanan beras ini harus membawa manfaat jangka pendek bagi masyarakat miskin untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi dasar mereka. Pada 2017 pemerintah meluncurkan program Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT) untuk secara perlahan menggantikan program Rastra. BPNT mengganggu pasar beras karena metodenya sangat berbeda dari Rastra. Penelitian ini ingin melihat apakah Rastra dan BPNT berdampak pada pengeluaran per kapita dan pengeluaran makanan per kapita sebagai ukuran kekayaan, apakah kedua program memiliki hasil dampak yang berbeda, dan untuk melihat apakah pada tahun terakhir Program Rastra dengan diperkenalkannya BPNT, Program Rastra memiliki dampak yang berbeda pada pengeluaran per kapita dan pengeluaran makanan per kapita penerimanya dibandingkan sebelum BPNT diperkenalkan. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dan Propensity Score Matching (PSM) pada data SUSENAS 2017 dan 2018. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Rastra dan BPNT berdampak pada pengeluaran per kapita dan pengeluaran makanan per kapita, bahwa Rastra dan BPNT memiliki dampak yang berbeda, dan Rastra memiliki dampak yang berbeda sebelum dan setelah pengenalan BPNT.

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ABSTRACT

Poverty is a worldwide problem as people cannot meet their basic needs. Governments around the world try to create relief programs to help people fulfill their daily needs. The Rastra Program in Indonesia was designed to help reduce the burden of expenses incurred by Targeted Households through meeting some of the primary food needs, namely rice. The reduced costs that the Targeted Households have to pay for rice can help them divert the money that they would have used for rice, for their other needs. This rice food aid policy should bring short-term benefits to the poor to meet their basic consumption needs. In 2017 the government launched the Cashless Food Aid (BPNT) program to replace the Rastra program slowly. BPNT disrupts the rice market as its methods significantly differ from that of Rastra. This research wants to examine whether Rastra and BPNT both impact expenditure per capita and food expenditure per capita as a measure of wealth, whether the two programs have different results in impact, and to evaluate whether in its final year with the introduction of BPNT, that the Rastra Program has a different impact on expenditure per capita and food expenditure per capita of its recipients than before BPNT was introduced. The data processing method that is used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) on SUSENAS 2017 and 2018 data. Results from this study find that Rastra and BPNT do impact expenditure per capita and food expenditure per capita, that Rastra and BPNT do have different impacts, and Rastra does have a different impact before and after the introduction of BPNT."

"Tesis ini membahas Strategi Peningkatan Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Gunungkidul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dimana masih terdapat 38 desa yang termasuk dalam kategori rawan pangan. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerawanan pangan desa yang termasuk dalam kategori rawan pangan dan merumuskan sebuah strategi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan masyarakat Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan metode SWOT (Strenght Weakness Opportunities Threats). Strategi yang tepat untuk peningkatan ketahanan pangan adalah Strategi ST (Strenght Threats), yaitu strategi yang menggunakan seluruh kekuatan yang dimiliki untuk mengatasi segala macam ancaman. Hasil analisis SWOT tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa perlu merumuskan strategi baru.

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The focus of this study is the improvement Food Security Strategy at Gunungkidul Society, Yogyakarta Province, where there are 38 villages which is categorized of food insecurity. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of food insecurity among villages included in the category of food insecurity and to formulate a strategy to improve food security at Gunungkidul society. This study uses descriptive quantitative data analysis using the SWOT (Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats). The best strategy to increase food security is ST strategy (Strength Threats), ST strategy uses all the strength to overcome all kinds of threats. SWOT analysis shows that it is necessary to formulate a new strategy,"

"Timbulan sampah makanan di Indonesia diprediksikan terus bertambah setiap tahunnya apabila permasalahan ini tidak diatasi dengan serius. Upaya pengelolaan sampah makanan perlu dilakukan guna mengurangi dampak negatifnya pada lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Penelitian mengenai faktor pendorong intensi melakukan upaya pengelolaan sampah makanan rumah tangga antargenerasi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini berusaha mengatasi limitasi tersebut dengan mengembangkan model penelitian menggunakan theory of interpersonal behavior serta aspek ekonomi dan religiusitas untuk menjelaskan perilaku mengelola sampah makanan rumah tangga. Hipotesis pada penelitian ini adalah adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara faktor emosi, sosial, kognitif, ekonomi, dan religiusitas dengan intensi perilaku mengelola sampah makanan antar generasi. Sebanyak 935 muslim Indonesia berpartisipasi dalam survey penelitian. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa anticipated guilt, sense of community, awareness of consequences, environmental knowledge, financial concern, dan religiosity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap intensi mengelola sampah makanan pada generasi Y dan Z. Namun penelitian ini tidak menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara financial concern terhadap recycle intention pada generasi Y dan Z. Ditemukan juga bahwa anticipated guilt tidak signifikan memengaruhi reuse intention dari generasi Y, financial concern tidak signifikan memengaruhi reuse intention dari generasi Z, dan religiosity tidak signifikan memengaruhi reduce, reuse, dan recycle intention dari generasi Z. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi yang signifikan kepada pemerintah dan pembuat kebijakan, organisasi sosial, dan akademisi yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan strategi untuk mendorong perilaku pengelolaan sampah makanan rumah tangga.

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Food Waste in Indonesia is predicted to increase every year if the problems are not taken seriously. The role of food waste management is important as an effort to reduce its negative effect for the environment, society, and economy. Studies on the driven factor of intention to manage household food waste between generations are still limited. We thus address this gap by developing a research model with Theory of Interpersonal Behavior which includes economy and religiosity factors to explain food waste management behavior. The model hypothesis significant association between emotion, social, cognitive, economic, and religiosity factors with food waste management behavioral intention between generations. A total of 935 Indonesian Muslims participated in this research. The result shows that anticipated guilt, sense of community, awareness of consequences, environmental knowledge, financial concern, and religiosity are positively associated with the intention to manage food waste in generations Y and Z. However, this study did not find a significant relationship between financial concern and recycle intention. It was also found that anticipated guilt did not have a significant impact on reuse intention of the generation Y, financial concern did not have a significant impact with reuse intention of the generation Z, and religiosity did not have a significant impact with reduce, reuse, and recycle intentions of the generation Z. The findings of this study provide implication for policy makers, NGO, and academics that are interested in developing strategies to encourage household food waste management behavior"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara langsung jumlah jejak karbon yang dihasilkan oleh limbah makanan dari rumah makan di kota Ternate. Analisis ini menggunakan variabel bebas yaitu jumlah piring yang disampling dan berat dari limbah makanan yang dihitung pada setiap kategori yang ada. Serta, variabel terikat, yaitu variabel yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel bebas dalam hal ini adalah emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari sampah makanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur sebagai bahan pertimbangan, serta perhitungan dari jejak karbon menggunakan faktor emisi yang sudah ditetapkan oleh penelitian terdahulu. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa komposisi limbah makanan yang di rumah makan pada kota Ternate didominasi oleh makanan pokok dalam hal ini nasi sebesar 38%, daging 35%, dan sayuran 13% dengan hasil rata-rata limbah makanan secara keseluruhan adalah 89,77 g/piring/hari. Jejak karbon yang dihasilkan sebesar 55,3 kg CO2eq/piring/tahun dan sekitar 75,2% total jejak karbon diakibatkan karena limbah makanan kategori pokok.

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This undergraduate thesis aims to directly analyze the amount of carbon footprint produced by food waste from restaurants in the city of Ternate. This analysis uses the independent variables, namely the number of plates sampled and the weight of food waste calculated for each category. Also, the dependent variable, namely the variable that is influenced by the independent variable in this case is CO2 emissions generated from food waste. This study uses the literature method as a consideration, as well as the calculation of the carbon footprint using emission factors that have been determined by previous studies. From the results of the study, it was found that the composition of food waste in restaurants in the city of Ternate was dominated by staple foods in this case rice by 38%, meat 35%, and vegetables 13% with an overall average yield of food waste was 89,77 g/plate/day. The carbon footprint produced is 55,3 kg CO2eq/plate/year and about 75,2% of the total carbon footprint is caused by food waste in the main categories."

"Industri pariwisata dunia telah berkutat dengan dampak yang cukup besar disebabkan oleh pandemi COVID-19, termasuk Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia telah berusaha untuk membangkitkan sektor pariwisata, melihat pariwisata memiliki peran penting dalam pemasukan Indonesia. Berkolaborasi bersama para influencers dari Indonesia yang telah memiliki audiensnya, pemerintah Indonesia memasarkan sektor pariwisata mereka selama wabah COVID-19. Penulis ingin melihat penggunaan influencers oleh pemerintah untuk memasarkan pariwisata, berfokus kepada respon pengguna sosial media dari Indonesia terhadap hal tersebut, yang menunjukan peningkatan dalam konsumsi media sosial selama wabah COVID-19. Selain itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat efektivitas dari pemasaran yang menggunakan influencers untuk beberapa destinasi pariwisata dan signifikansinya dalam strategi yang lebih luas dalam merevitalisasi sektor pariwisata miliki Indonesia dengan melihat perspektif audiens pasar terkait tindakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam membangkitkan pariwisata.

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The global tourism industry has grappled with the profound impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government tried to make a couple of efforts to awaken their tourism sector, since tourism has played a crucial role on Indonesian revenue. Collaborating with influencers from Indonesia that have already built their audience, the Indonesian Government marketed their tourism sector during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study examines the government's use of influencers to promote tourism, focusing on Indonesian social media users and their responses towards it, who showed a trend of more consumption of social media during the COVID-19 outbreak. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of influencer marketing in promoting some of Indonesian tourism destinations and its significance in the broader strategy of revitalising Indonesia's tourism sector by seeing the market audience's perspectives on the Indonesian government moves correlated to the tourism promotion."